Absolute Monarchy in France The World of the Bourbons

Absolute Monarchy in FranceThe World of the Bourbons

Do Clothes Make the Man? How is power expressed in what

leaders wear in public?

Do Clothes Make the Man? How is power expressed in what

leaders wear in public?

Bourbon Kings of France - Louis XIII

¬ Henri IV (Navarre) the first Bourbon King… assassinated!

¬ Louis XIII = king at (8) in 1610¬ Queen Marie de Medici =

Regent until 1617¬ Louis XIII assumed control at

age 15… plots, plots and more plots

¬ Cardinal Richelieu is Chief Minister 1624-1642

Cardinal Richelieu¬ Chief Minister of Louis XIII… shrewd!!

– monarchy, ↓ nobles¬ Huguenot Policy

– ↓ political & military rights = ↑royal control

– Kept religious rights in tact¬ Security for the Throne

– Spies to foil plots by nobles– Domestic intelligence to maintain

control

Marie Theresa

& the Dauphin

Marie Theresa

& the Dauphin

Louis XIV

the Sun King

Louis XIV

the Sun King

Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin

¬ Louis XIV is King at age 5¬ Queen Anne is Regent + Mazarin is PM¬ Mazarin ↑ France & royal power via policy, conflict & treaty¬ Revolts by nobles… La Fronde… crushed in 1652 and leads to

greater royal authority via new tactics… work through the nobility to gain greater power for the monarch!

Louis XIV the Sun King¬ Mazarin dies 1661… Louis XIV

assumes sole power at 23¬ Moved Court to Versailles¬ Served by nobility, monitored

royals¬ Dominated decision making¬ Dictated foreign policy¬ Domestic policy via bribery &

favors “L’etat, c’est moi”

Louis XIV the Sun King

¬ King above Church¬ Persecuted Jansenist sect of RC¬ Went along with Papal policy¬ Went against Gallican Liberty idea

¬ Revoked Edict of Nantes¬ Anti-Huguenot policy¬ Influenced by Madame Maintenon¬ Huguenots flee >> anti-French

factionsL’etat, c’est moi

Wars of Louis XIV - Sun King ¬ French Expansion & Security¬ War of the Devolution >

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle =

Fr gains land in Sp. N.¬ Treaty of Dover (E+F v. N) >>

Peace of Nijmwegen >> ↑land¬ War of Spanish Succession

– Bourbon on Sp. Throne– Leads to ↑European border stability

“L’etat, c’est moi”

The Bourbon Family Crest

The Bourbon Family Crest

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinskiadapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinskiadapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

The Sun SymbolThe Sun Symbol

Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles

Garden View of Versailles

Garden View of Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Gardens at Versailles

Gardens at Versailles

Gardens at Versailles Gardens at Versailles

André Le

Nôtre, Royal

Gardener

André Le

Nôtre, Royal

Gardener

Grounds at Versailles

Grounds at Versailles

Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!

And More Fountains!And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And Even More Fountains!!!

And Even More Fountains!!!

Temple of LoveTemple of Love

The OrangeryThe Orangery

The Gallery of Battles

The Gallery of Battles

Hall of

Mirrors

Hall of

Mirrors

The Queen’s

Bed

The Queen’s

Bed

The King’s Bed

The King’s Bed

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel AltarLouis XIV’s Chapel Altar

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Louis XIV as ApolloLouis XIV as Apollo

by Jean Nocret, 1670by Jean Nocret, 1670

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

Louis XIV FurnitureLouis XIV Furniture

Louis XIV’s CarriageLouis XIV’s Carriage

Louis XIV by Bernini, 1665Louis XIV by

Bernini, 1665

Versailles StatisticsVersailles Statisticsf 2,000 acres of groundsf 12 miles of roadsf 27 miles of trellisesf 200,000 treesf 210,000 flowers planted every yearf 80 miles of rows of treesf 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canalf 12 miles of enclosing wallsf 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzlesf 21 miles of water conduitsf 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumedf 26 acres of rooff 51,210 square meters of floorsf 2,153 windowsf 700 roomsf 67 staircasesf 6,000 paintingsf 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravingsf 2,100 sculptures f 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'artf 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable

Garden

Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Finance Minister

¬ Mercantilism– Acquire Bullion (G + S)– Export > Imports– Domestic Industrial

development via subsidy– Infrastructure development– Protective Tariffs– Colonies serve France– Expansion pursued

• For new markets & resources

Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]

Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]

The “Hunts” of Louis XV

The “Hunts” of Louis XV

Madame de PompadourMadame de Pompadour

Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

Petite Trianon,Madame de

Pompadour’s Chateau

Petite Trianon,Madame de

Pompadour’s Chateau

Louis XVI + Marie Antoinette

¬ Louis– Quiet, introvert– Hunts, Toys & Locks– Socially Awkward– Physical issues

¬ Marie (Hapsburg)– Beautiful– Outgoing, Vivacious– Poised, Well-bred

Marie Antoinette & Her Children

Marie Antoinette & Her Children

Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir

Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”