ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY - Warren County Public Schools 15 11 Psychological...Introduction to Abnormal...

Fast Track Chapter 11(Bernstein Chapter 15)

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGYPsychological Disorders

Introduction to Abnormal Psychology

✤ PSYCHOPATHOLOGY the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological or mental disorders

✤ MENTAL DISORDERS characterized by deviant, maladaptive, or harmful behaviors and disruptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that cause distress and dysfunction and affect the performance of daily functions

✤ Approximately 60 million Americans have or are suffering from mental disorders.

✤ Roughly half of all Americans will experience some form of mental illness by age 75.

✤ Symptoms tend to first be exhibited in childhood.

✤ Many affect economic, gender, and ethnic groups equally.

✤ Due to flaws in surveys, these numbers may actually be even higher.

Defining Abnormal Behavior

✤ The most accurate way of defining abnormal behavior is to examine whether the behavior impairs or interferes with a person’s ability to function.

✤ This practical approach to defining abnormal behavior:

1. examines the behavior being displayed,2. compares it to established norms in a sociocultural context, and 3. identifies the consequences associated with the behavior.

✤ This approach focuses on how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect (or interfere with) his/her home life, work, and social functioning.

Explaining Psychological Disorders

✤ MEDICAL MODEL psychological disorders are actually sicknesses associated with specific symptoms that must be treated medically; led to development of hospitals for the mentally ill

✤ NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL modern name for the medical model; psychological disorders are the result of biological factors; includes imbalances of bodily processes, brain abnormalities, and genetic influences

✤ PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of psychological processes only; includes interpretation of stressful events, memories from traumatic events, self-defeating attitudes and thinking pattern, and distorted perceptions

✤ SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL psychological disorders result from societal roles and expectations, environmental location, gender, age, ethnicity, and social and cultural definitions of normal and abnormal behavior

✤ BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

✤ DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL the amount and type of stress play a crucial role in triggering genetic predispositions, which could result in psychological disorders

Classifying Psychological Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

✤ reference book written by a collection of individuals used by all psychologists for identifying and classifying psychological disorders

✤ first published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1952

✤ latest edition, DSM-IV-TR (2000)

✤ provides specific guidelines that must be met for someone to be diagnosed and labeled with a given disorder

✤ guidelines listing factors identified through the biopsychosocial model, provide a checklist for psychologists in determining causes of disorders

✤ individuals evaluated on five dimensions represented by five axes (see handout)

Labeling Psychological Disorders

✤ Some believe labels cause more harm than good.

✤ Labeling leads others to treat the labeled differently.

✤ Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz says descriptions of individuals are better than labels.

✤ Labels don’t include unique qualities that are part of a description of a person.

✤ Labeled people tend to act/live up to the expectations and characteristics of the label, hindering improvement.

BIPOLAR

SCHIZOPHRENIA

NARCISSISTIC

BORDERLINE

OCDDEPRESSION

MANIC

Anxiety Disorders

✤ Phobia✤ Generalized Anxiety Disorder✤ Panic Disorder✤ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)✤ Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Somatoform Disorders

✤ Conversion Disorder✤ Hypochondriasis✤ Somatization Disorder✤ Pain Disorder

Dissociative Disorders

✤ Dissociative Fugue✤ Dissociative Amnesia✤ Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder

Mood Disorders✤ Major Depressive Disorder

also referred to as Unipolar Disorder

✤ Dysthymic Disorder

✤ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

✤ Bipolar I Disorder formerly called Manic Depressive Disorder

✤ Bipolar II Disorder

✤ Cyclothymic Disorder

✤ Hypomania

Schizophrenia

✤ Paranoid Schizophrenia

✤ Disorganized Schizophrenia

✤ Catatonic Schizophrenia

✤ Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

✤ Residual Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

✤ Paranoid✤ Schizoid✤ Schizotypal✤ Dependent✤ Obsessive-Compulsive

✤ Avoidant✤ Histrionic✤ Narcissistic✤ Borderline✤ Antisocial

Other Disorders

✤ Psychological Disorders of Childhood✤ Externalizing/Undercontrolled Disorders (Conduct Disorders, ADHD)

✤ Internalizing/Overcontrolled Disorders (Separation Anxiety Disorder)

✤ Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

✤ Substance-Related Disorders ✤ psychoactive drug addiction

✤ alcoholism✤ other drug-dependence disorders (heroin, cocaine)

Mental Illness & the Law

✤ U.S. Legal Protection for Individuals with Psychological Disorders

✤ Protection from Prosecution

✤ Protection from Punishment

✤ Criticisms of Legal Protections for the Mentally Ill

✤ Legal Reforms

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY ProjectA 10-Minute Overview of an APA-Recognized Category of Psychological Disorders

✤ DESCRIBE your assigned DSM-IV-TR category of disorders.

✤ DEFINE and EXPLAIN the specific disorders related to your category. This includes diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and etiology (possible causes or origin) of these disorders.

✤ INCLUDE web links to video examples of your category illustrating some of the disorders in your assigned category.

✤ DISCUSS the methods most often used to treat the disorders in your category as well as the effectiveness of these treatments.