View
219
Download
3
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
High performance asphalt and binders
Part 2
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
1. Long life pavementso Experience, design systems, use, durability & performance
2. High performance asphalt & binderso High modulus asphalt (EME, HiMA), modifiers
3. Sustainabilityo RAP/WMA, bitumen substitutes, carbon calculators & energy analysis
climate change impacts, societal concerns
4. Health & Safetyo Construction of road works, health considerations for bitumen
and asphalt products
5. Procurement Systemso Proprietary products (Avis Technique, HAPAS, etc.), “green” procurement,
REACH, responsible sourcing, PPP and contract models
www.aapa.asn.au
2012 Study Tour Key Topics 2012 Study Tour Key Topics
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Topic 2: High performance asphalt & bindersTopic 2: High performance asphalt & bindersOverview of reasons•Bituminous binders key component in the performance and service life of bituminous surfacings & asphalt pavements•About 90% of the Australian all weather road network length is surfaced with sprayed seals about 50% of binder usage•Need to ensure optimum asphalt & seals performance in the field, and to promote best practices suitable to be adapted & adopted in Australia. Seeking details on:
o new developments and test methods in high performance asphalt and bituminous materials (e.g. HiMA /EME, PMB, Emulsion)
o actions taken by European and others (e.g. binder manufacturers, asphalt producers and researchers) to overcome field problems (e.g. climate change)
o correlation between laboratory test results and field trials
www.aapa.asn.au
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Binder Specification and
PMB Testing
Khar Yean Khoo
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
European Specifications for Bituminous Binders
7
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Bitumen industry position report (2012)Bitumen industry position report (2012)
8
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v19
BinderBinder standards standards1st generation:1st generation: harmonisation of national
existing standardso based on conventional test methods, completed
2nd generation:2nd generation: development of performance-related standardso project started in 2000, in progresso under responsibility of CEN TC 336 Bituminous
Binders.
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
European standard developmentEuropean standard development
10
CEN TC336Bituminous
binders
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v111
CEN TC336Bituminous
bindersData Collection
new testsdata on binders
BiTVal Project
correlation with performancespecification recommendations
Task Groups
TG1 High service tempsTG2 Low service tempsTG3 Ageing- conditioning
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v112
First generation − bitumenFirst generation − bitumen
based on conventional test methods
R & B PENETRATION.
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v113
Framework Specification for PMB − EN Framework Specification for PMB − EN 14023 (mandatory)14023 (mandatory)
• penetration• softening point• cohesiono force-ductilityo tensile test at 5 Co Vialit pendulum (surface dressing)
• durability (RTFOT or RFT)o mass loss, retained pen, increase in S Pt
• flash point
After long discussion, eventually agreed on:
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v114
Framework Specification for PMB −Framework Specification for PMB − EN 14023 (EN 14023 (optional))
• Fraass breaking point
• elastic recovery
• plasticity range (S Pt – Fraass BP)
• storage stability (delta S Pt & pen)
• fundamental tests (to be reported)o DSR, BBR, deformation energy
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v115
Elastic recovery − not an Australian testElastic recovery − not an Australian test
• A bitumen test sample is stretched at a constant speed predetermined elongation (200 mm).
• The thread of bitumen thus produced is then cut in the middle to obtain two halves.
• After leaving for 30 min, the distance between the two ends of the threads is measured.
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Future binder specificationsFuture binder specificationsIndustry task force concluded in 2012: Industry task force concluded in 2012:
16
• a new specification is only required for rheologically complex materials such as:– PMBs
– hard paving grade bitumen
• rheologically simple bitumen meeting EN12591 does not require new specifications
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Second Generation StandardsSecond Generation Standards
• first generation specs based on traditional empirical tests
• performance related specs required by Construction Products Directive
• performance related standards will cover a broader range of products and stimulate new development
17
Note: binder adhesion will not be addressed. It is important but no easy test method exists or will be developed soon.Need to cover under asphalt properties
these are needed because: these are needed because:
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
SummarySummary• Europeans began development of performance
related specifications in 1995
• there was great diversity of test and specs among different countries
• first generation specs (1999 – 2005) concentrated on harmonisation and simple, traditional test methods − these are considered unsuitable for PMBs
• second generation specifications are required but need input from users
18
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
PMB Testing
19
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
PMB test methodsPMB test methods• no really new tests
• focus is on finding a PMB property related to asphalt rutting
• SHRP used Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) parameter: G*/sin - but poor correlation
• Europeans - Zero Shear Viscosity (ZSV) using DSR
• then easier to obtain Low Shear Viscosity (LSV)
• latest is U.S. DSR parameter: non recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) − from the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Concept of ZSV and LSVConcept of ZSV and LSV
Typical PMB viscosity behaviour in high service temperature (e.g. 60 C)
Typical bitumen viscosity behaviour in high service temperature (e.g. 60 C)
Log viscosity
Log shear rate
Zero shear viscosity
Low shear viscosity
Apparent viscosity
Low shear rate (e.g. 0.0001 s-1)
‘Imaginary zero’ shear rate
Source: ‘Austroads 2010, ‘Laboratory study on relationship between binder properties and asphalt rutting’, AP-T164/10
ZSV
LSV
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Papers reviewedPapers reviewed• results from Argentinian and German papers
presented at the 5th Eurobitume & Eurasphalt Congress
• these relate asphalt laboratory wheel tracking with binder tests:o Zero Shear Viscosity ZSVo Low Shear Viscosity LSVo Multiple Stress Creep Recovery MCSR
• then will compare with Australian Consistency correlations
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Argentinian LSV Argentinian LSV vs.vs. WT − paper 410 WT − paper 410• 3 asphalt typeso dense 20 mm (D-20)o micro 10 mm (M-10)o SMA 10 mm (SMA-10)
• 3 binder typeso conventional bitumen (C)o Multigrade (M)o SBS PMB (PM)
• Testingo Binders: DSR testing to get LSV at 60 Co Asphalt: Wheel tracking (rutting rate at 60 C shown)
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
R2 = 0.87
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
BP German study – paper 402BP German study – paper 402
• 5 normal paving grade (NPG)• 11 PMBso 7 < 4% additiveo 4 > 4% additive
• 2 low viscosity wax modified (NV)• 2 special bitumens (SP) – Multigrade (MG) and
Phosphoric acid modified
Binders
Asphalt 50 mm slabs of hot rolled asphalt (6.9% binder conten
t) Wheel tracked at 45 C and 60 C
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
German study RGerman study R22 values for three tests values for three tests
Property Binder condition
R2
Softening Point fresh 0.68ZSV fresh 0.49Jnr fresh 0.79
Jnr RTFOT aged 0.90
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
MSCR test conditions (for JMSCR test conditions (for Jnrnr))• load applied for 1 s, recover for 9 s
• further 10 creep/recovery cycles
• repeated for 4 stress levels (30, 100, 300, 1,000 Pa)
PMB
CRMB
Hv PMB
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Wheel tracking rut rate Wheel tracking rut rate vvs. Js. Jnrnr of RTFOT of RTFOT aged bitumen at 45 aged bitumen at 45 C and 60 C and 60 C C
R2 = 0.90
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Consistency (Oliver 1998)Consistency (Oliver 1998)
R2 = 0.89
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Reciprocal plot (Urquhart 2010)Reciprocal plot (Urquhart 2010)
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Consistency @ 5% strain (Choi 2010)Consistency @ 5% strain (Choi 2010)
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
ConclusionsConclusions• DSR parameters used to predict rut resistance:o Jnr from MCSR best (using aged binders)o LSV satisfacotry (reciprocal relationship)o ZSV poor in reported study
• Elastometer Consistency gave good prediction and will be improved byo using Consistency 5% or 6% (Choi & Urquhart)o reciprocal relationship (Urquhart)
• Consistency reciprocal plot is useful for developing specification limits
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Thank YouThank You
33
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
• Adhesion• Constancy / consistency of quality (ITT)• Long Term Ageing
Problems / challengesProblems / challenges
34
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Which test for which property?• TG1 – High Service Temperatures• TG2 – Low Service Temperatures• TG3 – Ageing-conditioning
TG’s
Challenges• Takes a lot of time• Moving forward (very slowly)• Good test methods are needed
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
TG1 HIGH SERVICE TEMP
Source: Egbert Beuving, AAPA 2012 study tour PowerPoint presentation
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
TG2 LOW SERVICE TEMP/CRACKING
Source: Egbert Beuving, AAPA 2012 study tour PowerPoint presentation
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
TG3 AGEING-CONDITIONING
Source: Egbert Beuving, AAPA 2012 study tour PowerPoint presentation
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Source: Egbert Beuving, AAPA 2012 study tour PowerPoint presentation
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Consistency correlation: RConsistency correlation: R22 summary for 4 summary for 4 mix designsmix designs
40
Consistency %
Choi 10mm Urquhart 10mm Urquhart 14mm Remtulla 10mm
5% 0.82 0.77 0.95 0.946% 0.80 0.82 0.96 0.937% 0.79 0.84 0.96 0.928% 0.78 0.87 0.97 0.929% 0.76 0.89 0.97 0.92
10% 0.76 0.90 0.97 0.9215% 0.72 0.93 0.98 0.9220% 0.70 0.95 0.98 0.9325% 0.69 0.96 0.98 0.9430% 0.67 0.96 0.99 0.9450% 0.65 0.96 0.99 0.9580% 0.63 0.96 0.99 0.95
100% 0.63 0.96 0.99 0.96
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1
Consistency 6% correlation (Urquhart − Consistency 6% correlation (Urquhart − BSWG, Feb 2012)BSWG, Feb 2012)
41
Choi 10 mm mix
Fitted curve: Wheel tracking = A / (Consistency 6%) + B
Urquhart 10 mm mix
AAPA 2012 Study Tour to Europe – High performance asphalt and binders – Part 2 v1 42
Remtulla 10 mm mix
Fitted curve: Wheel tracking = A / (Consistency 6%) + B
Urquhart 14 mm mix
Consistency 6% correlation (Urquhart − Consistency 6% correlation (Urquhart − BSWG, Feb 2012)BSWG, Feb 2012)
ElastometerElastometer
www.aapa.asn.au
a) 50/100 method: conventional Consistency b) 20/40 method: Underlying Viscosity (UV) over 20-40% strainc) Consistency at 5% strain
Recommended