A Photographic Guide to North American Raptors · A Photographic Guide to North American Raptors...

CAPTIVATING BIRD REFERENCES AND GUIDES FROM ACADEMIC PRESS

A Photographic Guide to North American Raptors Brian K. Wheeler Fifth William S. Clark

In this authoritative reference, two of the world's top experts on raptors provide an essential guide to the variations in the species, allowing for easier

recognition of key identification points. All the distinguishing marks described have been exhaus :: i : tively tested in a wide range of field condition s •,: the authors as well as the colleagues and studeO•i who have learned from them. CONTENTS (Species List): Foreword by Peter Dunne. GIo•i• • Anatomy. Black Vulture. Turkey Vulture. California Condo• •ii•y, R•e• DaV• Hook-billed Kite. Swallow-tailed Kite. White-tailed Kite, $•:11•[te• i994 •ii.i•.!0CI)i•N:0_12_275970_2 Mississippi Kite. Bald Eagle. North Harrier. Sharp-skin•;l• Cooper's Hawk. Northern Gosh•[k Cb•rnon Black Hawk. H•ri½ Hawl• Gray Hawk. Red-shouldered Ha•i B!O•wi•ged Hawk. S•fiAail•J• Hawk. Swainsods Hawk. wriit•tailed Hawk. Zonedtailed HawI• •; tailed Hawk. Ferruginous HaWk. Crested Caracara. A•iC• •Stm{ •:• :• •p •dO F•ldO•: Gyr a con Peregr ne Hawaiian Hawk. Red:•B•;• Eagle. Collared Fore•a!C•. ID Problems.

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TERNS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA

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Terns are elegant sea and marshland birds that live throughout the world. In Europe and North America

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Illustrated Guide to the Birds

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Where to Watch Birds in South America

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50 line drawings. 100 maps. '•, Cloth $35.00 ISBN 0-691-04337-X • Not available from Pr/nceton in the U.K. or E. E.C ••

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Focusing on a behavior shared by a variety of birds, this book summarizes the vast literature

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VOLUME 111

PUBLISHED BY

THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION

1994

Contents of Volume 111

NUMBER 1

A NEW SPECIES OF COTINCA (CoTINGIDAE: DOLIORNIS) FROM THE ECUADORIAN ANDES, WITH COMMENTS ON PLUMAGE SEQUENCES IN DOœIORNIS AND AMPELION. Mark B. Robbins, Gary H. Rosenberg, and Francisco Sornoza Molina .......................................................................................................................... 1

DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION EVIDENCE FOR SUBFAMILY STRUCTURE AMONG HUMMINGBIRDS. Robert

Bleiweiss, John A. W. Kirsch, and Juan Carlos Matheus ................................................................................................ 8

MAGELLANIC PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS) AFFECTED BY CHRONIC PETROLEUM POLLUTION ALONG COAST OF CHUBUT, ARGENTINA. Patricia Gandini, P. Dee Boersma, Esteban Frere, Marcelo Gandini, Tomas Holik, and Victoria Lichtschein ............................................................................................. 20

EFFECTS OF HUMAN INTRUSION ON SONG OCCURRENCE AND SINGING CONSISTENCY IN SUBALPINE

BIRDS. Kevin J. Gutzwiller, Richard T. Wiedenmann, Krista L. Clements, and Stanley H. An- derson .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

SEXUAL HABITAT SEGREGATION BY AMERICAN REDSTARTS WINTERING IN JAMAICA: IMPORTANCE OF RESOURCE SEASONALITY. Jeffrey David Parrish and Thomas W. Sherry ...................................................... 38

OBSERVER DIFFERENCES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY. John R. Sauer, Bruce G. Peterjohn, and William A. Link .................................................................................................................................................... 50

COMPETITION FOR WINTER TERRITORIES IN A NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT: THE ROLE OF AGE, SEX AND

COLOR. Bridget J. Stutchbury ............................................................................................................................................................. 63 POPULATION-GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A PHILOPATRIC, COLONIALLY NESTING SEABIRD, THE

SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATER (PuFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS). Jeremy J. Austin, Robert W. G. White, and Jennifer R. Ovenden ............................................................................................................................................................................ 70

TAIL ORNAMENTATION, SIZE DIMORPHISM AND WING LENGTH IN THE GENUS EUPLECTES (PLOCEINAE). Staffan Andersson and Malte Andersson ............................................................................................. 80

SONG LEARNING AS EVIDENCED FROM SONG SHARING IN TWO HUMMINGBIRD SPECIES (COLIBRI CORUSCANS AND C. THALASSINUS). Sandra L. L. Gaunt, Luis F. Baptista, Julio E. Sdnchez, and Daniel Hernandez ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 87

A PHYLOGENY OF THE WOODCREEPERS (DENDROCOLAPTINAE). Robert J. Raikow ....................................... 104

LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES OF AVIAN BROOD REDUCTION. Douglas W. Mock and L. Scott Forbes .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING SINGING BY MALE CAROLINA WRENS (THRYOTHORUS LUDOVI- C•ANUS). Laurie S. Eberhardt ............................................................................................................................................................... 124

EFFECTS OF BAND COLOR ON SURVIVORSHIP, BODY CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF FREE-LIVING AUSTRALIAN ZEBRA FINCHES. Richard Zann ...................................................................................... 131

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGY AND ALLOZYMES OF SOUTH AMERICAN IMPERIAL SHAGS. Pamela C. Rasmussen ........................................................................................................................................................... 143

HABITAT SELECTION BY MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS IN NORTHERN ARIZONA. Joseph L. Ganey and Russell P. Balda .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 162

SUCROSE INTOLERANCE IN BIRDS: SIMPLE NONLETHAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND CONSEQUENCES

FOR ASSIMILATION OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES. Hylary L. Malcarney, Carlos Martœnez del Rio, and Victor Apanius .............................................................................................................................................................................. 170

LOSS OF FUNCTION IN TERRITORIAL SONG: COMPARISON OF ISLAND AND MAINLAND POPULATIONS

OF THE SINGING HONEYEATER (MELIPHAGA VIRESCENS). Myron Charles Baker .................................. 178

IN MEMOroAM: MAURICE BROOKS, 1900-1993. Robert Leo Smith and David E. Samuel ..................... 185

IN MEMORIAM: HAMILTON MACK LAING, 1883-1982. C. Stuart Houston ....................................................... 187

IN MEMORIAM: VICTOR HARRISON CAHALANE, 1901-1993. C. Stuart Houston ......................................... 188

IN MEMORIAM: CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALT, 1902-1993. Albert E. Conway ................................................ 188

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

Are Actitis sandpipers inverted flying fishes? Edwin O. Willis ....................................................................................................... 190 On no-chickadee zones in midwestern North America: Evidence from the Ohio Breeding Bird Atlas and the

North American Breeding Bird Survey. Thomas C. Grubb, Jr., Robert A. Mauck, and Susan L. Earnst .................... 191 Composition and microclimate of Prothonotary Warbler nests. Charles R. Blem and Leann B. Blem ............................ 197 Tke Gray-necked Wood-Rail: Habits, food, nesting, and voice. Alexander F. Skutch ........................................................... 200 Interspecific aggression by Tundra Swans toward Snow Geese on the Sagavanirktok River delta, Alaska. Robert

M. Burgess and Alice A. Stickney .................................................................................................................................................................. 204 Age of first breeding in Common Murres. M. P. Harris, D. J. Halley, and R. L. Swann ....................................................... 207 Spring arrival, aggression and testosterone in female Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Daniel A.

Cristol and Torgeir S. Johnsen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 210 Consequences of nest desertion and inattendance for Magellanic Penguin hatching success. Pablo Yorio and P.

Dee Boersrna .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 215

Showiness, carotenoids, and captivity: A comment on Hill (1992). Jocelyn Hudon .............................................................. 218 House Finches are what they eat: A reply to Hudon. Geoffrey E. Hill ........................................................................................ 221 Use and misuse of bird lists in community ecology and conservation. I.V. Remsen, Jr ................................................... 225 Evaluation of the global decline in the true shrikes (family Laniidae). Reuven Yosef ....................................................... 228 Why we should adopt a broader view of Neotropical migrants. Douglas J. Levey ............................................................... 233

WILLIAM BREWSTER MEMORIAL AWARD, 1993: RICHARD T. HOLMES ....................................................................... 237

ELLIOTT COUES AWARD, 1993: JOEL L. CRACRAFT ....................................................................................................................... 239

REVIEWS. Edited by Robert M. Zink ....................................................................................................................................................... 241

NUMBER 2

ARE CONSPICUOUS BIRDS UNPROFITABLE PREY? FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH HAWKS AND STUFFED PREY

SPECIES. Frank Gb'tmark and Uno Unger ................................................................................................................................ 251 RELATIVE EFFECTS OF HATCHING ORDER, EGG-SIZE VARIATION, AND PARENTAL QUALITY ON CHICK

SURVIVAL IN COMMON TERNS. Patricia Blair Bollinger ............................................................................................. 263 DIFFERENCES IN AGE AND SEX RATIO AMONG MIGRATING AND WINTERING RAPTORS IN SOUTHERN

SWEDEN. Nils Kjellgn ............................................................................................................................................................................. 274

OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR OF FORAGING PROCELLARIIFORMS. Christophe Verheyden and Pierre Jouventin 285 COMMUNAL CAVITY ROOSTING IN GREEN WOODHOOPOES: CONSEQUENCES FOR ENERGY EXPENDITURE

AND THE SEASONAL PATTERN OF MORTALITY. Morng A. Du Plessis and Joseph B. Williams ....... 292

VOCAL LEARNING IN GREY PARROTS (PSITTACUS ERITHACUS): EFFECTS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION, REFERENCE, AND CONTEXT. Irene M. Pepperberg ............................................................................................................. 300

COLOR VARIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION AMONG NESOSPIZA BUNTINGS ON INACCESSIBLE ISLAND,

TRISTAN DA CUNHA. Peter G. Ryan, Coleen L. Moloney, and Jocelyn Hudon ..................................... 314 NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS OF EUSTRONGYLIDES IGNOTUS: EFFECT ON GROWTH AND

SURVIVAL OF NESTLING WADING BIRDS. Marilyn G. Spalding, Jeff P. Smith, and Donald J. Forrester .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 328

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD ON EGG PRODUCTION IN AMERICAN COOTS. Todd W. Arnold 337

PHYLOGENY OF CRANES (GRuIFORMES: GRUIDAE) BASED ON CYTOCHROME-B DNA SEQUENCES. Carey Krajewski and James W. Fetzner, Jr ................................................................................................................................................ 351

ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND WATER TURNOVER OF INCUBATING RUDDY TURNSTONES: HIGH COSTS

UNDER HIGH ARCTIC CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. Theunis Piersma and R. I. Guy Morrison ............ 366

REWEAVING THE TAPESTRY: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM SIBLEY AND AHLQUIST (1990)? John Harshman ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 377

REEXAMINATION OF BARBET MONOPHYLY USING MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCE DATA. Scott M. Lanyon and John G. Hall ................................................................................................................................................................. 389

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF SIZE IN FERAL PIGEONS. Richard F. Johnston .......................................................... 398 TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE BIRD COMMUNITIES IN VENEZUELA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO MIGRANT WARBLERS. Ga•'tan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin, and Raymond McNeil ............................. 405

GENETIC STRUCTURE OF CHUKAR (ALECTORIS CHUKAR) POPULATIONS IN ISRAEL. Ettore Randi and Philip U. Alkon .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 416

AIR-SEA HEAT FLUX, OCEAN WIND FIELDS, AND OFFSHORE DISPERSAL OF GULLS. J. Christopher Haney and David S. Lee ............................................................................................................................................................................. 427

Two NEW HYBRID DENDROICA WARBLERS AND NEW METHODOLOGY FOR INFERRING PARENTAL SPECIES. Sievert Rohwer .......................................................................................................................................................................... 441

IN MEMORIAM: JOSEPH J. HICKEY, 1907-1993. Stanley A. Temple and John T. Emlen ........................ 450

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

Measuring the daily energy expenditure of free-living Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea). J. Uttley, P. Tather, and P. Monaghan ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 453

Parental recognition of juvenile begging calls in the Florida Scrub Jay. Jennifer ]. Barg and Ronald L. Mumme ......... 459 Resource dependence and territory size in Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus). Reuven Yosef and Thomas

C. Grubb, ]r ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 465 Behavior, vocalizations, and possible relationships of four Myrmotherula antwrens (Formicariidae) from eastern

Ecuador. Bret M. Whitney ........................................................................................................................................................................... 469 Parental role-reversed polyandry and paternity. Carlos A. Valle ................................................................................................... 476 Gut passage of insects by European Starlings and comparison with other species. Douglas ]. Levey and William

H. Karasov ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 478

Communal breeding in the European Starling: Evidence from DNA fingerprinting. Rianne Pinxten, Marcel Eens, and Rudolf F. Verheyen ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 482

Hybridization between Barred and Spotted owls. Thomas E. Hamer, Eric D. Forsmart, A.D. Fuchs, and M. L. Walters 487 Daily body-mass loss and nitrogen excretion during molting fast of Macaroni Penguins. Yves Cherel and Frederic

Freby ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 492 Can avian distribution patterns in northern Argentina be related to gallery-forest expansion-retraction caused

by Quaternary climatic changes? ]osd Maria Cardosa da Silva .................................................................................................. 495 Quaternary vegetational changes and bird differentiation in subtropical South America. Manuel Nores ............... 499 Charadrius montanus--Montane, grassland, or bare-ground plover? Fritz L. Knopf and Brian J. Miller ........................ 504

NUMBER 3

EVOLUTION INTO THE ANDES: MOLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GENUS

LEPTOPOGON. John M. Bates and Robert M. Zink ............................................................................................................ 507 INTRAPOPULATION VARIATION IN HATCHING SYNCHRONY IN HOUSE WRENS: TEST OF THE

INDIVIDUAL-OPTIMIZATION HYPOTHESIS. R. Given Harper, Steven A. Juliano, and Charles F. Th o•npson .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 516

GROWTH AND ENERGETICS OF TERN CHICKS FROM TEMPERATE AND POLAR ENVIRONMENTS. Marcel Klaassen ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 525

GEOGRAPHIC AND SEASONAL PATTERNS OF CLUTCH-SIZE vARIATION IN HOUSE WRENS. Bruce E.

Young ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 545 SEASONAL AND DIURNAL PATTERNS OF SINGING AND SONG-FLIGHT ACTIVITY IN BLUETHROATS

(LuscINIA SVEC/CA). ]uha Merilh' and ]orma Sorjonen .................................................................................................. 556 FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO OFFSPRING NUMBER IN A PRECOCIAL

SPECIES: THE LESSER SNOW GOOSE. Tony D. Williams, Maarten J. J.E. Loonen, and Fred Cooke ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 563

MrrocHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMORPHISM IN THE OILBIRD (STEATORNIS CARIPENSIS, STEATORNITH- IDAE) IN VENEZUELA. Patricia C. Gutierrez ........................................................................................................................... 573

NOCTURNAL FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF BREEDING PIPING PLOVERS (CHARADRIUS MELODUS) IN NEW JERSEY. Kevin J. Staine and Joanna Burger ............................................................................................................................. 579

TERRITORY-SIZE REGULATION IN BLACK-SHOULDERED KITES. Jeffrey R. Dunk and Robert J. Cooper .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 588

DEVELOPMENT OF VOCAL REGULATION OF TEMPERATURE BY EMBRYOS IN PIPPED EGGS OF RING-BILLED

GULLS. Roger M. Evans, Alison Whitaker, and Myra O. Wiebe ......................................................................... 596 SITE SELECTION BY MIGRATORY SHOREBIRDS IN DELAWARE BAY, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BEACH

CHARACTERISTICS AND ABUNDANCE OF HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS) EGGS. Mark L. Botton, Robert E. Loveland, and Timothy R. Jacobsen ................................................................................................ 605

BREEDING PATTERNS OF EASTERN PHOEBES IN KANSAS: ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OR PHYSIOLOGICAL

CONSTRAINT? Michael T. Murphy ................................................................................................................................................. 617 INDIVIDUAL AND SPECIES PREFERENCE IN TWO PASSERINE BIRDS: AUDITORY AND VISUAL CUES.

K. L. Schimmel and Frederick E. Wasserman ............................................................................................................................ 634

ECOLOGY OF THE FOLIVOROUS HOATZIN (OPISTHOCOMUS HOAZIN) ON THE VENEZUELAN PLAINS. M. G. Domœnguez-Bello, F. Michelangeli, M. C. Ruiz, A. Garcœa, and E. Rodrœguez ............................. 643

CAUSE AND EFFECT IN POPULATION DECLINES OF MIGRATORY BIRDS. John H. Rappole and Mary Victoria McDonald ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 652

MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AND NUCLEAR-GENE DIFFERENTIATION IN NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE GROUSE

(GENUS TYMPANt•CHt•S). Darrell L. Ellsworth, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Nova J. Silvy, Kevin D. Rittenhouse, and Michael H. Smith ................................................................................................................................................... 661

INTERSPECIFIC DEFENSE OF PASTURE TREES BY WINTERING YELLOW WARBLERS. Russell Greenberg and Javier Salgado Ortiz ............................................................................................................................................................................. 672

FLIGHT MORPHOLOGY, ENERGETIC CONDITION, AND THE STOPOVER BIOLOGY OF MIGRATING

THRUSHES. Wang Yong and Frank R. Moore ....................................................................................................................... 683 INTRASPECIFIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL TRENDS IN BODY SIZE OF A DIFFERENTIAL MIGRANT, THE EVENING

GROSBEAK. David R. C. Prescott ...................................................................................................................................................... 693

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

Serrate tomia: An adaptation for nectar robbing in hummingbirds? Juan Francisco Ornelas .......................................... 703 Divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of Empidonax traillii and E. alnorum, with notes on hybridization. Kevin

Winker ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 710

Supplementary food in the nestling phase affects reproductive success in Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Simon Verhulst ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 714

Allozyme phylogeny of Spheniscus penguins. W. Stewart Grant, David C. Duffy, and Rob W. Leslie .............................. 716 Winter body mass and overnight energetics of a south temperate passerine. Ken Chan .................................................. 721 Sexual size dimorphism, mate choice, and productivity of Burrowing Owls. David L. Plumpton and R. Scott

Lutz ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 724

Male Yellow Warblers vary use of song types depending on pairing status and distance from nest. Daniel M. Weary, Robert E. Lemon, and Stephane Perreault ................................................................................................................................... 727

Different responses to different song types in American Redstarts. DanielM. Weary, Robert E. Lemon, and Stephane Perreault .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 730

Response of male Brown-headed Cowbirds to broadcast of complete or partial flight whistles. Alfred M. Dufty, Jr. and James K. Pugh ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 734

Extrapair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism in Eastern Bluebirds revealed by DNA fingerprinting. Susan B. Meek, Raleigh J. Robertson, and Peter T. Boag ....................................................................................................................... 739

Impact of interspecific aggression and herbivory by Mute Swans on native waterfowl and aquatic vegetation in New England. Michael R. Conover and Gary S. Kania .................................................................................................................... 744

Siblicide and cannibalism at Northern Goshawk nests. Clint W. Boal and John E. Bacorn ................................................. 748 Gastroduodenal motility and glandular stomach function in young Ostriches. A. Allan Degen, Gary E. Duke, and

James K. Reynhout .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 750 Hummingbirds eating ashes. James R. des Lauriers ................................................................................................................................ 755 Habitat-specific nutritional condition in Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus): Evidence from ptilochronol-

ogy. Thomas C. Grubb, It. and Reuven Yosef ........................................................................................................................................ 756 Influence of abiotic factors on preroosting behavior of Greylag Geese (Anser anser). Alain Schmitt ........................... 759 Does the early Common Raven get (and show) the meat? Bernd Heinrich ............................................................................... 764 The known birds of North and Middle America versus the current AOU list. Allan R. Phillips ................................. 770 Old-school taxonomy versus modern biosystematics: Species-level decisions in Stelgidopteryx and Empidonax. Ned

K. Johnson .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 773

BOOK REVIEWS. Edited by Robert M. Zink ........................................................................................................................................ 781

NUMBER 4

MONOPHYLY OF THE FALCONIFORMES BASED ON SYRINGEAL MORPHOLOGY. Carole S. Griffiths .... 787 EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR SUCCESSFUL REPRODUCTION ON HATCHING SYNCHRONY AND

ASYNCHRONY. Bertram G. Murray, Jr ...................................................................................................................................... 806 NEST ARCHITECTURE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN TREE SWALLOWS (TACHYCINETA BI-

COLOR). Michael P. Lombardo ............................................................................................................................................................ 814

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CHARADRIIFORMES: REANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS DATA. Mats

Bjdrklund ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 825 MOLECULAR PI-r•LOGENETIC AF•NITIES OF THE NiGI-rr PARROT (GEoPSITTACUS OCCIDENTALIS) AND

THE GROUND PARROT (PEzoPORtlS WAU, ICtlS). Peter R. J. Leeton, Leslie Christidis, Michael Westerman, and Walter E. Boles ......................................................................................................................................................... 833

TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN DIET OF NESTLING WHITE-CROWNED PIGEONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSER-

VATION OF FRUGIVOROUS COLUMBIDS. G. Thomas Bancroft and Reed Bowman .................................. 844 HIGH SURVIVAL ESTIMATES OF GRIFFON VULTURES (GYPS FULVUS FULVUS) IN A REINTRODUCED

POPULATION. Francois Sarrazin, Constant Bagnolini, Jean Louis Pinna, Etienne Danchin, and Jean Clobert ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 853

DOMINANT RED JUNGLEFOWL (GALLUS GALLUS) HENS IN AN UNCONFINED FLOCK REAR THE MOST YOUNG OVER THEIR LIFETIME. Nicholas Collias, Elsie Collias, and Robert I. Jennrich ...................... 863

ONTOGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE LARIDAE. W. Parker Cane ............................ 873

SOURCES OF VARIATION IN LOSS RATES OF COLOR BANDS APPLIED TO ADULT ROSEATE TERNS (STERNA DOUGALLII) IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC. Jeffrey A. Spendelow, Joanna Burger, Ian C. T. Nisbet, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Helen Hays, Grace D. Cormons, and Michael Gochfeld .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 881

PLASMA METABOLITE LEVELS PREDICT INDIVIDUAL BODY-MASS CHANGES IN A SMALL LONG-DISTANCE

MIGRANT, THE GARDEN WARBLER. Susanne Jenni-Eiermann and Lukas Jenni ...................................... 888

DIGESTIVE-RATE CONSTRAINT IN WINTERING COMMON EIDERS (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA): IMPLICA- TIONS FOR FLYING CAPABILITIES. Magella Guillemette ................................................................................................ 900

CONSERVATION GENETICS OF THE PLAIN PIGEON (COLUMBA INORNATA) IN PUERTO RICO. Michael M. Miyamoto, Marc W. Allard, and Jorge A. Moreno ................................................................................................... 910

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN ELEPAIO FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN HAWAIIAN FORESTS OF DIFFERENT

STRUCTURE. Eric A. VanderWerf ..................................................................................................................................................... 917 BODY CONDITION VARIES WITH MIGRATION AND COMPETITION IN MIGRANT AND RESIDENT SOUTH

AMERICAN VULTURES. David A. Kirk and Andrew G. Gosler ............................................................................... 933

EFFECTS OF OLFACTORY CUES ON ARTIFICIAL-NEST EXPERIMENTS. Christopher J. Whelan, Michael L. Dilger, Dave Robson, Nathalie Hallyn, and Steven Dilger .................................................................................... 945

POSTBREEDING DISPERSAL AND DRIFT-NET MORTALITY OF ENDANGERED JAPANESE MURRELETS. John F. Piatt and Patrick J. Gould .................................................................................................................................................................. 953

RESPONSES OF NESTING SAVANNAH SPARROWS TO FLUCTUATIONS IN GRASSHOPPER DENSITIES IN

INTERIOR ALASKA. Clinton K. Miller, Richard L. Knight, Lowell C. McEwen, and T. Luke George ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 962

MITOCHONDRIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE FLOW BETWEEN NEW ZEALAND MALLARDS (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) AND GREY DUCKS (A. SUPERCILIOSA ). Judith M. Rhymer, Murray J. Williams, and Michael f. Braun .................................................................................................................................................................................... 970

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF BREEDING BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS IN THE MIDWESTERN

UNITED STATES. Frank R. Thompson III ................................................................................................................................. 979 IN MEMORIAM: BEN B. COFFEY, JR., 1904-1993. Jerome A. Jackson ...................................................................... 991

IN MEMORIAM: FRANCOIS BOURLI•RE, 1913-1993. Francois Vuilleumier ........................................................... 993

IN MEMORIAM: PONTUS PALMGREN, 1907-1993. Lars von Haartman ................................................................. 995

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

Numbers of spermatozoa attached to and penetrating perivitelline layers of Japanese Quail eggs. T.R. Birkhead and F. Fletcher ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 997

Thermal aspects of nest placement in the Orange-tufted Sunbird (Nectarinia osea). Yisrael Sidis, Ronit Zilberman, and Amos Ar ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1001

The trematode fauna of an Amazonian antbird community. Erika J. Tallman and Dan A. Tailman .............................. 1006 Nocturnal behavior of breeding Trumpeter Swans. Paul Henson and James A. Cooper ....................................................... 1013 Patterns of genetic polymorphism in five species of penguins. Nina M. Thumser and Jeffrey D. Karron ................... 1018 PCR-based method for sexing Roseate Terns (Sterna dougalliO. Thomas J. Sabo, Rick Kesseli, Joy L. Halverson, Ian

C. T. Nisbet, and Jeremy J. Hatch .................................................................................................................................................................. 1023

REVIEWS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1028

ANNOUNCEMENT Edited by Robert M. Zink ................................................................................................................................... 1036

INDEX TO VOLUME 111. Compiled by Genevieve M. Tvrdik ............................................................................................ 1037

SUPPLEMENTS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH StAtED MEETn'•C ................................................ 1AA-28AA

DATES OF ISSUES OF "THE AUK"

VOL. 111, NO. 1--9 MAY 1994

VOL. 111, NO. 2--19 MAY 1994

VOL. 111, NO. 3--11 OCTOBER 1994

VOL. 111, NO. 4--29 SEPTEMBER 1995

The Auk

A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION

Editor: GARY D. SCHNELL, The Auk, Department of Zoology, Sutton Hall, 625 Elm Avenue, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA. Telephone (405) 325-2784. FAX (405) 325-7504.

Managing Editor: KENT E. THOMPSON.

Associate Editor for Book Reviews: ROBERT M. ZINK, Bell Museum of Natural History, 100 Ecology Building, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA (forward books for review directly to this address).

The Auk welcomes original reports on the biology of birds. Appropriate topics include the documentation, analysis, and interpretation of laboratory and field studies, theoretical or methodological developments, and reviews of information or ideas. Contributions written in English are encouraged from throughout the world.

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Contents (continued)

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN EL•aO FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN HAWAIIAN FORESTS OF STRUCr•RE. Eric A. VanderWerf 917

•ODY CONDITION VARIES WITH MIGRATION AND CO•i:-EITION IN MIGRANT AND RESIDENT SOUTH AMEmCAN VULTURES. David A. Kirk and Andrew G. Gosler 933

EFFECTS OF OLFACTORY CUES ON ARTIFICIAL-NEST EXPERIMENTS. Christopher J. Whelan, Michael L. Dilger, Dave Robson, Nathalle Hallyn, and Steven Dilger __ 945

POSTBREEDING DISPERSAL AND DRIFT-NET MORTALITY OF ENDANGERED JAPANESE MURREL•TS. John F. Platt and Patrick J. Gould 953

RESPONSES OF NESTING SAVANNAH SPARROWS TO FLUCTUATIONS IN GRASSHOPPE• DENsFrIEs IN INTERIOR ALASKA. Clinton K. Miller, Richard L. Knight, Lowell C. McEwen, and T. Luke George 962

MITOCHONDRIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE FLOW BETWEEN NEW ZEALAND MALLARDS (AIv,•s PL•'•RH¾/VCHOS) AND GREY DUCKS (A. SUPERC!LIOS,•). Judith M. Rhymer, Murray J. Williams, and Michael J. Braun 970

TEMPORAL AND SPATL•L PATrFa•S OF BREEDING BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS IN THE •IIDWESTERN UNITED STATES. Frank R. Thompson III 979

IN MEMOroAM: BEN B. COFFEY, JR., 1904-1993. Jerome A. Jackson 991 IN MEMOroAM: FRANGOIS BOURLIJSRE, 1913-1993. Francois Vuilleumier 993 IN MEMOroAM: PONTUS PALMC. REN, 1907-1993. Lars yon Haartman 995

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMENTARIES

Numbers of spermatozoa attached to and penetrating perivitelline layers of Japanese Quail eggs. T.R. Birkhead and F. Fletcher

Thermal aspects of nest placement in the Orange-tufted Sunbird (Nectannia osea). Yisraei Sidis, Ronit Ziiberman, and Amos Ar

The trematode fauna of an Amazonian antbird community. Erika J. Tailman and Dan A. Tailman Nocturnal behavio• of breeding Trumpeter Swans. Paul Henson and James A. Cooper Patterns of genetic polymorphism in five species of penguins. Nina M. Thumser and le•rey D. Karron PC_R-based method for sexing Roseate Tetn• (Sterna douga!iu'). Thomas J. Sabo, Rick Kesseli, Joy L. Halverson, !an

C. T. N•bet, and Jeremy J. Hatch

REVIE3•S

997

1001 1006 1013 1018

1023

1028

ANNOUNCEMENT Edited by Robert M. Zink

INDEX TO VOLUME 111. Compiled by Genevieve M. Tvrd•k

1036

1037