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A Domain Model for Digital Curation
Stephen Abrams
UC Berkeley School of Information, Friday, October 16, 2015
UC Curation CenterCalifornia Digital Library
www.accademia.org/explore-museum/artworks/michelangelos-david
A domain model for digital curation
Justification
sept
Roadmap
Transition from ad hoc and idiosyncratic to rigorous and systematic analysis, planning, deployment, and assessment
Build up incrementally from first principles
Synthesize and extend prior community efforts
View curation as an inherently semiotic activity
Benefits
Better understand and express nuanced curation intentions and outcomes
Set realistic stakeholder expectations
Gain greater confidence that activities are comprehensive
Programmatic change and aging infrastructure
Imminent retirement of executive and program directors; mounting technical debt
genesis
An opportunity for strategic reassessment and planning
Hoping for a “short” background paper to guide analysis
The more investigation, the less confidence
The more questions, the fewer persuasive answers
Pragmatic advancement, but no robust and comprehensive conceptual underpinnings
Two decades of progress
state-of-the-art
There is a model – explicit or tacit – underlying all of theseFedora
OAISPorticoDIASLOCKSSJHOVEPREMISDioscuriTRACPlato4CDPN
Do they all fit together? Are we thinking about the right
things and defining them properly?
There is no more overloaded and under-formalized term of practice than “digital object”
DSpacePRONOMAIHTPDF/AChronopolisiRODSAceNDSAFIDOOliveBitCuratorPCDM
Prior object modeling
crosswalk
Sender/ receiver
BucklandKahn-
WilenskyFRBR NAA OAIS PREMIS BRM ICO
sourceinfo-as-knowledge
work essenceintellectual entity
propositional content
intellectual entity
encodinginfo-as-thing
data
expression
source
data object / digital object
bitstream / filestream
symbol structure
symbol structuremanifestati
on
file / representation
item bitspatterned matter/energy
information carrier
frame-of-reference
key-metadata representatio
n information
auxiliary information
channel
info-as-process
process projection
signalperformance
sensory impression
contentknowledge base
decoding
effectinfo-as-knowledge
essenceintellectual entity
propositional content
intellectual entity
not fully populated
fineness o
f gra
nula
rity
Sept object modeling
crosswalk
Sender/ receiver
BucklandKahn-
WilenskyFRBR NAA OAIS PREMIS BRM ICO
sourceinfo-as-knowledge
work essenceintellectual entity
propositional content
intellectual entity
encodinginfo-as-thing
data
expression
source
data object / digital object
bitstream / filestream
symbol structure
symbol structuremanifestati
on
file / representation
item bitspatterned matter/energy
information carrier
frame-of-reference
key-metadata representatio
n information
auxiliary information
channel
info-as-process
process projection
signalperformance
sensory impression
contentknowledge base
decoding
effectinfo-as-knowledge
essenceintellectual entity
propositional content
intellectual entity
Sept
message
structure
form
carrier
annotation
behavior
stimuli
ground
interpretation
experience
Digital Curation Centre
Maintaining, preserving and adding value to digital research data throughout its lifecycle
digital curation
Cui bono?
Process-centric Explains the what, but not the
why or for whom
www.dcc.ac.uk
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
www.cdlib.org/uc3
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
Distinguishable through consumer criteria
www.cdlib.org/uc3
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
Distinguishable through consumer criteria
Is what it purports to be
www.cdlib.org/uc3
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
Distinguishable through consumer criteria
Is what it purports to be Spanning production,
management, and exploitation
www.cdlib.org/uc3
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
Distinguishable through consumer criteria
Is what it purports to be Spanning production,
management, and exploitation Use is feasible and beneficial
www.cdlib.org/uc3
UC Curation Center
Complex of actors, policies, practices, and technologies enabling successful consumer engagement with authentic content of interest across space and time
digital curation
Distinguishable through consumer criteria
Is what it purports to be Spanning production,
management, and exploitation Use is feasible and beneficial Equally dependent on human
competencies, institutional mission and resources, and technology
www.cdlib.org/uc3
Communication with the future
A digital object is the unit of communication
digital curation
An object encapsulates the message to be communicated, but not its meaning
Meaning is an emergent epistemic state of the consumer
Content is realized by physical stimuli …
Perceived by a sense modality … Interpreted in a context … Experienced as cognitive
meaning or psychological affect
The final, crucial transition from perception to cognition is an inherently semiotic act
Signs and systems of signification
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 – 1914)
semiotics
A sign is something that “stands in” for something else, for someone, in some manner.
Semiosis is a triadic relation between a representation, its referent, and its experiential effect
Interpretation takes place with respect to a subjective contextual ground
referent
representation
ground
effect
stands in for
contextualizes
stimulates
(re)presents
objective subjective
Object-mediated communication
Modes of understanding
semiosis
Denotative
Connotativeobject
curatorial presentatio
n
contextual ground
frames-of- reference
experienced meaning
intended meaning
interpretation
codification
owner
curator
creator
consumer
objective subjective
feasible beneficial
stimulus
Object-mediated communication
Modes of understanding
semiosis
Denotative
Connotativeobject
curatorial presentatio
n
contextual ground
frames-of- reference
experienced meaning
intended meaning
interpretation
codification
owner
curator
creator
consumer
objective subjective
feasible beneficial
contextual noise
channel noise
Object modeling
Dimensions
analysis
Semantics
Syntactics
Empirics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Dynamics
Meaning
Symbolic expression
Physical representation
Realizing behavior
Evidential authenticity
Persistence and evolution
SSEPDD
Object modeling
Dimensions
analysis
Semantics
Syntactics
Empirics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Dynamics
Meaning
Symbolic expression
Physical representation
Realizing behavior
Evidential authenticity
Persistence and evolution
SEPT
Object modeling
Dimensions
analysis
Semantics
Syntactics
Empirics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Dynamics
A subsidiary group or division of an extended family or clan
SEPT
Object modeling
Components
analysis
Semantics
Syntactics
Empirics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Dynamics
carrier
message
behaviorencodinginscribe
drealize
d
expressed
describes
semantics
syntactics
empirics
object
pragmatics
verificationinterventio
n
diplomatics dynamics
annotation
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Blob
Artifactbits
identity:
SSD
File
… bits … bits … bits …
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Syntactics (structure)
Blob
Artifact
Exemplar
bits
identity:
type:
SSD
File
.pptx file
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Syntactics (structure)
Semantics
Blob
Artifact
Exemplar
Product
bits
identity:
type:
description:
SSD
File
.pptx file
Topical presentation
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Syntactics (structure)
Semantics
Pragmatics
Blob
Artifact
Exemplar
Product
Asset
bits
identity:
type:
description:
behavior:
SSD
File
.pptx file
Topical presentation
Presentation (in PowerPoint)
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Syntactics (structure)
Semantics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Blob
Artifact
Exemplar
Product
Asset
Record
bits
identity:
type:
description:
behavior:
verification:
SSD
File
.pptx file
Topical presentation
Presentation (in PowerPoint)
Presentation (really)
Object typology
Types
analysis
Empirics
Syntactics (morphology)
Syntactics (structure)
Semantics
Pragmatics
Diplomatics
Dynamics
Blob
Artifact
Exemplar
Product
Asset
Record
Heirloom
bits
identity:
type:
description:
behavior:
verification:
intervention:
SSD
File
.pptx file
Topical presentation
Presentation (in PowerPoint)
Presentation (really)
Presentation (tomorrow)
Object typology
analysis
Blob Artifact Exemplar Product Asset Record Heirloom
empirics syntactics syntactics semantics pragmatics diplomatics dynamics
formative informative informative informative performative evaluative reformative
inscription identificationcharacterization
description realization verification intervention
media(outer) encoding
(inner) encoding
meaning /
affectexperience authenticity persistence
carrier form structure message behavior evidence action
existential intentional purposeful interpretable useful trustworthy resilient
nascent incipient potential theoretical practical assured enduring
provenancial / administrative / permissive
provenancial / relational / associational
structural intellectual instrumental provenancial provenancial
Differentia
Dimension
Mode
Act
Concern
Abstraction
Quality
Utility
Annotation
Modes of engagement
Continuum, not lifecycle
continuum
Role Locus
Concern Lifecycle implies a prescribed progression through well demarcated and distinguishable states
Continuum allows adaptive navigation among overlapping and interdependent activities
Creator Curator Consumer Owner
Origination Organization Pluralization
Production Management Exploitation
Modes of engagement
continuum
Originate Organize Pluralize
observe, simulate, create, deriveidentify, classify, clean, annotate, package
license, submit, publish, cite, aggregate
appraise, select, harvest, collectnormalize, characterize, arrange, annotate, store, index, plan, watch, intervene, administer
replicate, audit, notify, syndicate, resolve, resolve, authorize, report
search, discover, retrieve, subselectanalyze, correlate, synthesize, interpret, transform, annotate
summarize, validate, assert, refute
Locus
Production
Management
Exploitation
Policy and strategy
Imperatives
rubric
Predilect
Collect
Protect
Introspect
Project
Connect
Decide what you intend
Obtain (or do) what you intend
Preserve (or sustain) what you obtain
Know what you protect
Offer what you know
Deliver what you offer
Policy and strategy
rubric
Blob Artifact Exemplar Product Asset Record Heirloom
service level agreement
disaster recovery / business continuity
format action plans
collection development policy
outreach and training
evidentiary standards
sustainability / succession planning
annotation packaging, submission
normalization / canonicalization
workflow / tool integration
code / workflow repositories, aggregation
chain of custody
preservation planning
environmental control, redundancy, media refresh
administrative control, fixity audit,malware detection/ sanitation,
technical control, migration
bibliographic control
access control, emulation
archival control change control, preservation watch
forensic characterization
morphological characterization, PID minting
structural characterization, ontologies, format registries
intellectual characterization, entity extraction, sentiment analysis, PID binding
behavioral characterization, software registries, analytics
archival characterization, master registry
provenance, annotation
media inventory
file inventory, PID resolution
object index work catalog transcoding , syndication, discovery
documentary form
versioned change history
legacy / emulated computational environments
file delivery format-aware processing
disciplinary-specific processing
search / browse, hosted tools, annotation
authenticity-dependent workflows
consortial collaboration
Imperative
Predilect
Collect
Protect
Introspect
Project
Connect
Policy and strategy
rubric
Blob Artifact Exemplar Product Asset Record Heirloom
service level agreement
disaster recovery / business continuity
format action plans
collection development policy
outreach and training
evidentiary standards
sustainability / succession planning
annotation packaging, submission
normalization / canonicalization
workflow / tool integration
code / workflow repositories, aggregation
chain of custody
preservation planning
environmental control, redundancy, media refresh
administrative control, fixity audit,malware detection/ sanitation
technical control, migration
bibliographic control
access control, emulation
archival control
change control, preservation watch
forensic characterization
morphological characterization, PID minting
structural characterization, ontologies, format registries
intellectual characterization, entity extraction, sentiment analysis, PID binding
behavioral characterization, software registries, analytics
archival characterization, master registry
provenance, annotation
media inventory
file inventory, PID resolution
object index work catalog transcoding , syndication, discovery
documentary form
versioned change history
legacy / emulated computational environments
file delivery format-aware processing
disciplinary-specific processing
search / browse, hosted tools, annotation
authenticity-dependent workflows
consortial collaboration
Imperative
Predilect
Collect
Protect
Introspect
Project
Connect
A domain model for digital curation
Next steps
sept
Respond to feedback
Continue development
Strategic planning for program and services
Use case analysis and requirements gathering for next generation repository
A domain model for digital curation
Summary
sept
Curation enables communication
Objects carry messages, not meanings
Consumer interpretation and experience are inherently subjective
Progress towards greater rigor in conceptualizing digital curation
Terminology for expressing nuanced intentions, actions, and outcomes
Object modeling concerns span six analytic dimensions
Object typology of increasing utility
Engagement entails a continuum of roles, activities, and concerns
Rubric for strategic and policy imperatives
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