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A SIGNAL TIMING DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR SIGNALIZED ROUNDABOUTS
DR. YETIS SAZI MURAT
PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY
DENIZLI-TURKEY
Weekly Seminar Program of Transportation Research Group
09/28/2017
BIOGRAPHY• Working Experience
• 2013- Professor (Tenure Track), Pamukkale University, Dept. of Civil Eng., Turkey
• 2007-2013- Associate Professor, Pamukkale University, Dept. of Civil Eng., Turkey
• 2006-(6 months)- Visiting Scholar, Virginia Politechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
• 2002-2007- Assistant Professor, Pamukkale University, Dept. of Civil Eng., Turkey
• 2000-2002- Research Assistant, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Eng., Istanbul, Turkey
• 1994-2000- Research Assistant, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Eng., Civil Eng. Dept., Denizli, Turkey
•
• Educational Background
• 1996-2001, PhD. in Transportation Eng., Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
• 1994-1996, MSc. in Civil Eng., Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
• 1992-1993, English Prep. Class, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
• 1988-1992, BSc in Civil Eng., Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Eng., Dept. of Civil Eng., Izmir, Turkey
2PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
PUBLICATIONS
• 2 Book editoral
• 6 Book chapters
• 14 SCI indexed papers
• 14 Other indexed papers
• 43 Conference proceedings
• 7 Other papers
• Traffic Signal Control
• Traffic Operation and
management
• Traffic Flow Theory
• Public Transportation
• Traffic Safety
3PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
PROJECTSResearch Projects
• Research Project of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No: INTAG 915, “A Fuzzy Logic Traffic Signal Control Model
for Isolated Signalized Intersections” (Main Researcher, completed), 2002.
• Research Project of the Pamukkale University Scientific Research Center (PAUBAP), Project No: 2003MHF008, “Application of Intelligent Traffic Signal Control
Models on Real Intersections” (Director of the project, completed).
• Research Project of the Pamukkale University Scientific Research Center (PAUBAP), Project No: 2003MHF006, “Estimation of Earthquake Losses using
Geographical Information System” (Main Researcher, completed), 2006.
• Research Project of the Pamukkale University Scientific Research Center (PAUBAP), Project No: 2003MHF009, “Traffic Control and Network Management”
(Main Researcher, completed).
• Research Project of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No: 105G090, “Crime Analysis Modelling at Denizli Province”
(Main Researcher, completed), 2009.
• Research Project of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No: 110M677, “Investigation of Driver Behavior Effects on
Capacity and Intersection Performance at Urban Roads” (2011-2014)
• Research Project of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), TEYDEB, "Development of Full Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System
for Isolated and Coordinated Signalized Intersections" (2010-2012)
•
• EU Projects
• Title: EURO-GIS: Mobility for Civil Engineering Students (as Coordinator with Selcuk TOPRAK)
• Project Type: Leonardo Da Vinci Program (Project No: TR/04/A/F/PL2-029)
• Period: 2 years (completed)
• Funding agency: European Commission-The Centre for European Union Education and Youth Programs in Turkey
4PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
THESIS SUPERVISEDSupervised MSc. Thesis:
• Demirkollu, M. (2017). “Determination of Bus Service Frequency by Linear Goal Programming” MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences,
18.04.2017, Denizli, Turkey
• Altintas, N.C., (2017). `Development of a Database with GIS for Construction, Maintenance and Repair of Urban Roads` MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural
and Applied Sciences, 08.01.2017, Denizli, Turkey
• Sunnetci, H., (2017). `Investigation of the Relation of Delay parameter (k) and Cycle Time at Signalized Intersections`, MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and
Applied Sciences, 12.05.2017, Denizli, Turkey
• Topcuoglu, D. (2017). `Modelling Flow Rutting on Pavements with Finite Element Method` MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences,
10.01.2017, Denizli, Turkey
• Cakici, Z., (2014) “Investigation of Design Procedure of Roundabouts with Signals “, MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 11.07.2014,
Denizli, Turkey
• Demirkiran, O. , (2013) `Investigation of Level of Services at Pedestrian Areas` MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 05.12.2013, Denizli,
Turkey
• Yaslan, G. (2012). "Fuzzy Logic based Ramp Metering Model for Freeways and Highways", MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences,
05.07.2012, Denizli, Turkey
• Saldiroglu, S. (2010). “A GIS based Village Roads Management Model for Monitoring, Maintenance and Repairing Purposes”, MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of
Natural and Applied Sciences, 22.07.2010, Denizli, Turkey
• Şekerler, A. (2008). “Analysis of Traffic Accidents using Fuzzy Clustering Approach”, MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 23.07.2008,
Denizli, Turkey.
• Uludağ, N., (2005). “Route Choice Behavior Modelling of Road Users at Denizli Urban Road Network", MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied
Sciences, 04.08.2005, Denizli, Turkey
• Başkan, Ö., (2004). “ Modelling Vehicle Delays at Isolated Signalized Intersections using Artificial Neural Networks" , MSc. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and
Applied Sciences, 30.06.2004, Denizli, Turkey. (Awarded by Turkish Road Association as MSc. Thesis for the year of 2005)
Supervised PhD. Thesis:• Cetin, M. (2015). “Mathematical modeling of Saturation Flow at Signalized Intersections”. Ph.D. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Denizli,
Turkey.
• Uludağ, N., (2010). “Modelling of Bus Lines using Fuzzy Optimization and Linear Goal Programming” Ph.D. Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Natural and Applied
Sciences, 21.07.2010, Denizli, Turkey.
5PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
TURKEY, PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY AND DENIZLI
6PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Elazig
7PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
WHERE I AM LIVING?
8PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
PAMUKKALE-DENIZLI
9PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
HIERAPOLIS
10PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY
https://youtu.be/rBmO7m2LbQQ PAU
• 61311 Students
• 1913 Academicians
• 1490 Other Staffs
• 70 acres Campus
11
MY
OFFICE
PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
RESEARCH OUTLINE
• Aim
• Concept
• Roundabouts with Signal
• Design Procedure
• The Proposed Approach
• Analysis
• Results
• Discussions
12PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
AIM OF THE STUDY
• To discuss the problem of signal timing assignment for signalized roundabouts.
• To propose a signal timing procedure for staged controlled signalized
roundabouts.
• By this way to reduce delays of vehicles.
13PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
CONCEPT
• The signal timing assignment were studied by observing at signalized
roundabouts of Turkey.
• A signal timing formula for storage area of central island was proposed.
• The formula is tested considering different cases.
• The VISSIM software was used for validation search of the proposed formula.
• The obtained results were compared.
14PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
ROUNDABOUTS
15PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
ADVANTAGES OF ROUNDABOUTS
• Reduce number of conflicts,
improve traffic safety
• Increase Capacity
• Reduce vehicle delays
• Less expensive for operation cost
• Less space requirements (based
on the location and application)
16PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
DISADVANTAGES• It is not suitable for busy city networks
• It is not suitable for unbalanced
demand cases.
• Annoys drivers who just want to
bypass
17PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
TRAFFIC SIGNAL APPLICATIONS ON ROUNDABOUTS
• Federal Highway Administration’s roundabout informational guide (7) states
“roundabouts should never be planned for metering or signalization.”
However, the guide does concede that “unexpected demand” may require
signalization after a roundabout is constructed.
• The FHWA guide goes on to describe three signalization alternatives to be
considered should unexpected demand suggest the need for signals: (1)
metering, (2) nearby pedestrian signals, and (3) full signalization of the
circulatory roadway.
18PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
ROUNDABOUT METERING
• It is applied for unbalanced flow
patterns and high demand cases
• It has been used to create gaps in the
circulating flow
• By this way excessive queueing and
delays can be prevented
• It is first used in Australia.
• The pictures are from an application in
Australia.
19PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
FULLY MOUNTED SIGNALS
Width of an approach lane: 3.5 m
38 m
North
Approach
South
Approach
East
Approach
West
Approach
Width of a circulation lane: 4 m
• Integration of signalized
intersection and
roundabout
• All arms and circulation
area have signals
• Two cases:
Increase in demand
and
Violation of traffic rules
20PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SAMPLE FROM DENIZLI, TURKEY
21PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SOFTWARES FOR MODELLING ROUNDABOUTS
22PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIDRA FOR ROUNDABOUTS
• SIDRA is originally from Australia, developed by Dr. Rahmi AKCELIK.
• SIDRA INTERSECTION is the most popular software for roundabouts (multi-lane and
single-lane) and other intersections in the USA and Canada, Australia and New
Zealand, South Africa, Malaysia, and many countries in Europe, Arabian Peninsula,
South America and elsewhere around the world.
• Roundabouts
• Roundabout Metering
SOFTWARES FOR MODELLING ROUNDABOUTS
23PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
LITERATURE
• Akcelik (2005, 2006), Natalizio (2005) -Roundabout Metering
• Brabender and Vereeck (2007), Qian et al (2008),- Safety and capacity issues
• Bai et al. (2010)- Effects of cycle time and diameters on vehicle delay
• Tracz and Choudr (2012)-Different Type of Phase Plan
• Maher (2008), Ma et al. (2013), Gokce et al. (2015) -Signal Timing Optimization
• Cheng et al. (2016)- A new model proposal for capacity calculation of Sign.
Roundabouts
24PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
PROBLEM DEFINITION
• The problem considered in this research is observed at roundabouts that have storage areas
around the central island and controlled by signalization.
• The reasons :
• improper design of storage area that is not sufficient for left turning traffic volumes
• signal timings.
• If signal timings are designed without sufficient observations of left turning volumes,;
• the storage area in the central island of roundabout may be blocked by left turning flow
• the conflicting flows (such as through flow from other direction) may not be moved until a clearance time for left
turning flow or to switch next phase. This case cause some additional delays of vehicles.
• To handle this problem;
• geometric design
• control system design
25PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Movements are controlled by
Two phase, Three phase, Four Phase.
In Determination of Phase Plans
• Left turning flows,
• Pedestrians,
• Traffic composition (heavy vehicle
rates)
DESIGN OF SIGNALIZED ROUNDABOUTS
26PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Design Parameters
• Geometric condition of intersection
• Traffic volume
• Left turning rate
• Storage area of central island for left turning vehicles
• Signal timing for all vehicles
• Phase Sequence
27PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
GEOMETRIC CONDITIONS (DESIGN) OF INTERSECTION
Geometric conditions of intersection have a considerable effects on design.
The geometric elements (or components) of intersection (such as turning radius,
lane width, radius of central island etc.) should meet the required standards.
The design of intersection may have some faults in use of non-standardized
elements. On the other hand, the intersection may serve under- capacity
because of these design faults.
28PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Storage Area of Central Island for Left turning vehicles
The storage area of central island for left turning vehicles should have some specifications.
• The number of circulation lane,
• Dimensions of circulation lanes
The designer should care about these elements and collect the required data from field.
• the left turning traffic volumes and
• heavy vehicle rates
• the variations of traffic volumes
29PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Sample roundabout from Denizli, Turkey
30PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Traffic Volumes of Left Turning vehicles
Left turning traffic volumes have some considerable effects on design of signalized
roundabouts.
• The number of vehicles and
• Traffic composition
should be observed for a proper design.
•The rate of heavy vehicles for left turning traffic volumes
31PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIGNAL TIMING
The proper signal timing design
has a great importance on intersection control system performance.
• There is no specific software or design guide for signalized roundabouts.
32PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Design Stages
1. Design the signal timings regarding traffic volumes on the approaches
2. Determine the cycle time and green times for the flows on theapproaches
3. Calculate the number of cycles in an hour
4. Divide the biggest left turning volumes to the number of cycles for eachphase.
5. Determine the number of lanes in the circulation area and divide thenumber obtained in step 4 to the number of lanes.
6. Calculate the departing times of vehicles in the circulation area (lanes)
7. Calculate the green time for central island
8. Add the green time for central island to the cycle time.
33PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
Signal Timing Formula for Central Island of Roundabout
Where;
Φ : green time of central island (sec),
α : the lost times of departing vehicles in queue (sec),
n : the number of lines in storage area,
λ : departing headways of vehicles (sec),
𝜀 : calibration coefficient for signal timing
Φ = 𝛼 + 𝑛 − 1 ∗ 𝜆 + 𝜀
34PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
35
𝑛 =𝑞𝐿
(𝑛𝑐∗𝑛𝑆𝐿)
Φ = 𝛼 + 𝑛 − 1 ∗ 𝜆 + 𝜀
Φ : green time of central island (sec),
α : the lost times of departing vehicles in the storage area (sec),
n : the number of lines in storage area,
λ : departing headways of vehicles (sec),
𝜀 : calibration coefficient for signal timing
qL: left turning traffic volume (vph),
nc: the number of cycle in an hour (nc= 3600/C),
nSL: the number of lane in the storage area
𝜀 =𝑞𝐿
𝑡𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑑 ∗ 𝑛𝑆𝐿∗ 2 𝑡𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑑 = [
3600
𝐶𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝐶
tcadd represents an additional timing that occurs an increase of cycle time
𝐶 =1.5𝐿 + 5
1 − 𝑌
𝐶𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝐶 + Φ
PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
THE PROPOSED APPROACH
36PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SCENARIOS
• Scenario I: In the first scenario, the traffic volumes are regarded with the existing
signal timings and phase sequencing (four phase) for the intersection
• Scenario II: In the second scenario, the same phase sequencing (four phase) is used
with signal timings obtained by the proposed formula.
• Scenario III: The third scenario includes three phased management and existing cycle
times.
• Scenario IV: Three phased management and the signal timings optimized by the
SIDRA is used in the last (fourth) scenario.
37PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SCENARIOS
• Base traffic volumes are observed from the field.
• Based on this volumes, some experimental study is made.
• The traffic volumes in the E-W directions are increased and decreased by
regarding different rates. (between 0% and 50%)
• The left turning flow rates are also varied between the ranges of 10% and
60 %.
• Two and three circulation lanes are taken into consideration.
38PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
TRAFFIC VOLUMES
Movement
Type
O-D
Directions
Low Demand (base values) High Demand (base values)
Car (vph) Heavy
Veh.
(vph)
Total
(vph)
Car (vph) Heavy
Veh.
(vph)
Total
(vph)
W-E 848 105 953 1015 101 1116
Through E-W 994 86 1080 1293 82 1375
N-S 182 20 202 231 10 241
S-N 86 4 90 90 3 93
W-E 11 0 11 20 0 20
Right Turn E-W 66 4 70 157 18 175
N-S 49 0 49 45 2 47
S-N 35 0 35 41 1 42
W-E 86 21 107 101 25 126
Left Turn E-W 102 26 128 138 34 172
N-S 22 6 28 26 6 32
S-N 11 3 14 12 3 15
Total (vph) 2493 274 2767 3169 285 3454
Sampl
e No
Approach
Direction
Variation Rate
in Traffic
Volume (%)
Left
Turning
Rate (%)
Sampl
e No
Approach
Direction
Variation Rate
in Traffic
Volume (%)
Left
Turning
Rate (%)
1 E - W 50 %
Decreased
10 29 E - W N/A 50
N - S N/A 10 N - S N/A 10
7 E - W 50 %
Decreased
40 34 E - W 25 % Increased 20
N - S N/A 10 N - S N/A 60
12 E - W 25 %
Decreased
10 37 E - W 25 % Increased 40
N - S N/A 60 N - S N/A 10
15 E - W 25 %
Decreased
30 42 E - W 50 % Increased 10
N - S N/A 10 N - S N/A 60
19 E - W 25 %
Decreased
50 47 E - W 50 % Increased 40
N - S N/A 10 N - S N/A 10
24 E - W N/A 20 50 E - W 50 % Increased 50
N - S N/A 60 N - S N/A 60
39PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
MOVEMENT NUMBERS AND PHASE SEQUENCE
7 8 9
6
45
321
12 11 10
13 14
40PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
CYCLE DIAGRAM
1 35 5 2 10 4 78 4 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
41
Cycle Diagram of Sample Case 1- Existing signal timings
PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SAMPLE CASESSample Cases
Number of Storage
area lanes
(lane)
Total Traffic Volume
(veh/hour)
East Approach West Approach North Approach South Approach
A.V.-L.T.V*
(veh/hour)
A.V.-L.T.V*
(veh/hour)
A.V.-L.T.V*
(veh/hour)
A.V.-L.T.V*
(veh/hour)
1 2 2180 959 - 383 803 - 321 279 - 28 139 - 14
2 2 3354 1598 - 320 1339 - 268 279 - 28 139 - 14
3 2 3354 1598 - 320 1339 - 268 279 - 167 139 - 83
4 2 3942 1917 - 192 1607 - 161 279 - 167 139 - 83
5 2 1962 861 - 431 631 - 316 320 - 32 150 - 15
6 2 2708 1292 - 387 947 - 284 320 - 32 150 - 15
7 2 2708 1292 - 387 947 - 284 320 - 192 150 - 90
8 2 4200 2153 - 215 1578 - 158 320 - 32 150 - 15
9 2 4946 2583 - 258 1893 - 189 320 - 32 150 - 15
10 2 2180 959 - 383 803 - 321 279 - 167 139 - 83
11 2 2180 959 - 479 803 - 402 279 - 28 139 - 14
12 2 2180 959 - 479 803 - 402 279 - 167 139 - 83
13 2 2767 1278 - 383 1071 - 321 279 - 28 139 - 14
14 2 2767 1278 - 383 1071 - 321 279 - 167 139 - 83
15 2 3942 1917 - 192 1607 - 161 279 - 28 139 - 14
16 2 1962 861 - 431 631 - 316 320 - 192 150 - 90
17 2 3454 1722 - 344 1262 - 252 320 - 32 150 - 15
18 2 3454 1722 - 344 1262 - 252 320 - 192 150 - 90
19 2 4200 2153 - 215 1578 - 158 320 - 192 150 - 90
20 3 2180 959 - 383 803 - 321 279 - 167 139 - 83
21 3 2767 1278 - 383 1071 - 321 279 - 28 139 - 14
22 3 3354 1598 - 320 1339 - 268 279 - 167 139 - 83
23 3 3942 1917 - 192 1607 - 161 279 - 167 139 - 83
24 3 1962 861 - 431 631 - 316 320 - 32 150 - 15
25 3 2708 1292 - 387 947 - 284 320 - 192 150 - 90
26 3 3454 1722 - 344 1262 - 252 320 - 192 150 - 90
27 3 4946 2583 - 258 1893 - 189 320 - 32 150 - 15
28 3 4946 2583 - 258 1893 - 189 320 - 192 150 - 90
29 3 2180 959 - 479 803 - 402 279 - 28 139 - 14
30 3 2767 1278 - 383 1071 - 321 279 - 167 139 - 83
31 3 2708 1292 - 387 947 - 284 320 - 32 150 - 15
*A.V.: Approach Volume L.T.V.: Left Turning Volume 42PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
RESULTS
Sa
mple
Ca
ses
Ex
isting
Sig
na
l Tim
ing
s
(sec)
Improved Signal Timings(sec)
Cycle Times (sec) Average Vehicle Delay (sec/veh)
West
–Ea
st
Gre
en
Tim
ing
(sec)
Sto
rage
Are
a
Gre
en
Tim
ing
(sec)
Nort
h G
reen
Tim
ing
(sec)
Sout
h G
reen
Tim
ing
(sec)
Existing
Impro
ved
Existing
Impro
ved
1
West
–Ea
st G
reen
Tim
ing: 40 –
50
Sto
rage A
rea G
reen
Tim
ing: 74
Nort
h G
reen
Tim
ing: 20
Sout
h G
reen
Tim
ing: 23
17 – 21 53 12 8 140 90 * 51.54
2 43 – 52 57 15 9 140 125 143.03 111.44
3 43 – 52 62 18 11 140 130 * 116.66
4 46 – 54 55 16 11 140 125 136.64 55.96
5 14 – 19 50 12 9 140 85 154.48 47.72
6 25 – 32 52 12 8 140 100 151.57 72.27
7 23 – 30 59 16 11 140 105 * 116.91
8 42 – 57 52 13 8 140 125 129.81 77.07
9 43 – 58 51 11 8 140 125 146.07 112.92
10 18 – 22 57 15 9 140 95 * 55.48
11 18 – 22 57 12 8 140 95 * 84.68
12 18 – 23 61 15 9 140 100 * 118.17
13 26 – 30 54 13 8 140 100 * 101.64
14 29 – 33 56 14 9 140 105 * 107.91
15 48 – 56 48 12 8 140 120 133.36 47.12
16 14 – 19 55 14 10 140 90 * 51.42
17 40 – 50 59 15 9 140 125 124.57 110.64
18 41 – 51 63 17 11 140 130 * 117.01
19 41 – 55 59 17 11 140 130 135.83 101.22
20 18 – 22 52 13 9 140 90 140.38 71.40
21 33 – 37 52 12 9 140 105 132.51 98.56
22 47 – 55 59 16 11 140 130 120.31 102.35
23 45 – 54 55 16 11 140 125 124.38 81.73
24 16 – 20 49 10 8 140 85 165.51 76.49
25 25 – 32 57 15 11 140 105 141.19 114.78
26 39 – 47 57 15 11 140 120 126.51 102.96
27 45 – 60 54 14 9 140 130 145.88 88.87
28 46 – 61 58 16 11 140 135 150.13 109.45
29 21 – 25 49 10 8 140 90 226.25 119.70
30 33 – 37 57 15 11 140 110 136.37 114.41
31 25 – 33 51 12 8 140 100 136.59 110.55
*: Average vehicle delay > 250 sec/veh All red time: 4+4=8 sec Yellow time: 2+2=4 sec (at the start and end of the each phase)
43PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
COMPARISONS - GREEN AND CYCLE TIMES
74 sec-Existing140 sec-Existing
44PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
COMPARISONS- VEHICLE DELAYS
45PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
COMPARISONS- DEGREE OF SATURATION
46PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIMULATIONS
BEFORE AFTER
47PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIMULATIONS CASE I- 300TH SEC.
BEFORE AFTER
48PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIMULATIONS CASE I- 700TH SEC.
BEFORE AFTER
49PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
SIMULATIONS CASE I- 850TH SEC.
BEFORE AFTER
50PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
COMPARISONS OF SCENARIOS
The numbers shows the cases that have delay values that are less than 120 sec/veh
51PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
RESULTS
• A signal timing design proposal
• The central island of roundabouts
• Circulating traffic flows
• Aims
• To reduce vehicle delays,
• To make some discussions on design procedure.
52PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
RESULTS
• The formula proposed
• deals with the circulating flows
• staged phase sequencing (i.e. storage and circulated)
• Validation gives some encouraging results.
• The results showed that design of the storage area of central island is critical.
53PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
RESULTS
• Driver behaviors
• Traffic composition (esp. heavy vehicle rates)
• Simulations show that about 36% (average) decrease in vehicle delays may
be obtained only using the proposed formula.
• Besides to delay the LOS may also be increased for the intersection.
• Cycle times may be improved in the same manner
54PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
DISCUSSIONS
• Validation of the formula may be expanded including some extreme cases
including different geometries.
• Phase arrangements without regarding traffic volumes (like TranSync) may be
searched.
55PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research is supported by the Scientific Research Project Department of
Pamukkale University and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of
Turkey (TUBITAK) while he was at University of Nevada, Reno as a visiting
scholar. These supports are appreciated.
56PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
REFERENCES
• Akcelik, R. (2005) Capacity and Performance Analysis of Roundabout Metering Signals, TRB National Roundabout Conference, Vail-Colorado.
• Akcelik, R. (2006) Operating Cost, Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emission Savings at a Roundabout with Metering Signals, 7th International
Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering (ACE 2006), İstanbul-Turkey.
• Bai, Y., Chen, W., Xue, K. (2010) Association of Signal-Controlled Method at Roundabout and Delay, 2010 International Conference on
Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 1, Changsha, IEEE, 816-820.
• Brabender, B. D., Vereeck, L. (2007) Safety Effects of Roundabouts in Flanders: Signal Type, Speed Limits and Vulnerable Road Users, Accident
Analysis & Prevention, 39 (3), 591-599.
• Cakici, Z. (2014) The Investigation of Design Principles of Signalized Roundabouts, MSc Thesis, Pamukkale University, Institute of Natural and
Applied Sciences, Denizli, Turkey, 207 p.
• Cheng, W., Zhu, X., Song, X. (2016) Research on Capacity Model for Large Signalized Roundabouts, Procedia Engineering, 137, 352-361.
• Coelho, M. C., Farias, T. L., Rouphail, N. M. (2006) Effect of Roundabout Operations on Pollutant Emissions, Transportation Research Part D:
Transport and Environment, 11 (5), 333-343.
• Gardziejczyk, W., Motylewicz, M. (2016) Noise Level in the Vicinity of Signalized Roundabouts, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and
Environment, 46, 128-144.
• Gokce, M. A., Oner, E., Isık, G. (2015) Traffic Signal Optimization with Particle Swarm Optimization for Signalized Roundabouts, Simulation:
Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, 91 (5), 456-466.
• Gross, F., Lyon, C., Persaud, B., Srinivasan, R. (2013) Safety Effectiveness of Converting Signalized Intersections to Roundabouts, Accident
Analysis & Prevention, 50, 234-241.
57PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
REFERENCES
• Johnnie, B. E., Ahmed, A., Iman, A. (2012) Extent of Delay and Level of Service at Signalized Roundabout, International Journal of Engineering &
Technology, 2 (3), 419-424.
• Ma, W., Liu, Y., Head, L., Yang, X. (2013) Integrated Optimization of Lane Markings and Timings for Signalized Roundabouts, Transportation
Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 36, 307-323.
• Maher, M. (2008) The Optimization of Signal Settings on a Signalized Roundabout Using the Cross-Entropy Method, Computer-Aided Civil and
Infrastructure Engineering, 23 (2), 76-85.
• Mandavilli, S., Rys, M. J., Russell, E. R. (2008) Environmental Impact of Modern Roundabouts, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38
(2), 135-142.
• Natalizio, E. (2006) Roundabouts with Metering Signals, Institute of Transportation Engineers 2005 Annual Meeting, Melbourne-Australia.
• Otkovıc, I. I., Dadıc, I. (2009) Comparison of Delays at Signal-Controlled Intersection and Roundabout, Promet – Traffic & Transportation, 21 (3),
157-165.
• Qian, H., Li, K., Sun, J. (2008) The Development and Enlightenment of Signalized Roundabout, 2008 International Conference on Intelligent
Computation Technology and Automation, 2, Hunan, IEEE, 538-542.
• Sisiopiku, V., Oh, H. (2001) Evaluation of Roundabout Performance Using Sidra, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 127 (2), 143-150.
• Tracz, M., Chodur, J. (2012) Performance and Safety of Roundabouts with Traffic Signals, SIIV-5th International Congress - Sustainability of Road
Infrastructures (Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences), 53, 788-799.
• Yang, X., Li, X., Xue, K. (2004) A New Traffic-Signal Control for Modern Roundabouts: Method and Application, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 5 (4), 282-287.
58PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
THANKS FOR YOUR PARTICIPATIONS AND PATIENTS
Dr. Yetis Sazi MURAT
Pamukkale University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Eng. Dept.
20070 Denizli/TURKEY
E-mail: ysmurat@pau.edu.tr
sazimurat@gmail.com
http://www.pau.edu.tr/ysmurat/en
59PRESENTATION BY DR. Y. SAZI MURAT-PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY-TURKEY- 28.09.2017
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