View
29
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
A Colorful Way to Prevent Diabetes: A “Berry” Good Idea. April J. Stull, PhD, RD Botanical Research Center Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System. Fighting Diabetes. Diabetes. Blueberry. Defeating Diabetes. Outline. Diabetes Dietary Supplements - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
A Colorful Way to Prevent Diabetes: A “Berry” Good Idea
April J. Stull, PhD, RD
Botanical Research Center Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
Diabetes
Fighting Diabetes
Blueberr
y
Defeating Diabetes
Outline
• Diabetes• Dietary Supplements• Blueberries
– Literature Review– PBRC human research Study
Obesity and Diabetes Trends Among U.S. Adults
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)
Diabetes
1994
1994
2000
2000
2007
2007
No Data <14.0% 14.0-17.9% 18.0-21.9% 22.0-25.9% >26.0%
No Data <4.5% 4.5-5.9% 6.0-7.4% 7.5-8.9% >9.0%CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System
available at http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics
Interventions Used to Delay the Progression to Type 2 Diabetes
Diet Modification
Physical Activity
MedicationComplementary and
Alternative Medicines (CAM)??
10 Most Common CAM Therapies (2007)
Natural Products
Deep Breathing
Mediation
Chiropractic and Osteopathic
Massage
Yoga
Diet-Based Therapies
Progressive Relaxation
Guided Imagery
Homeopathic Treatment
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
17.7
12.7
9.4
8.6
8.3
6.1
3.6
2.9
2.2
1.8
Nonvitamin, Nonmineral, and Natural Products
PercentBarnes, PM et al., National Health Interview Survey, 2007
Botanical Dietary Supplement• Is a plant or plant part dietary supplement
valued for its medicinal or therapeutic properties, flavor, and/or scent
• Dietary Supplement– Is intended to supplement the diet– Contains one or more dietary ingredients– Is intended to be taken by mouth as pill,
capsule, tablet, or liquid– Is labeled on the front panel as being a dietary
supplement
Botanical Dietary Supplements• Products made from botanicals that are
used to maintain or improve health may be called:– Botanical products– Herbal products– Phytomedicines
Out-of-Pocket Costs for CAM Among US Adults, 2007
12%
8.7%0.6%
35.2% Botanical Dietary
Supplements
Yoga, Tai, Chi, Qigong Classes
Relaxation Techniques
Homeopathic Medicine
Practitioner Costs
Total Costs: $33.9 billion
Nahin RL et al., National Health Interview Survey, 2007
$11.9 billion 43.7%
14.8 billion
Botanical Dietary Supplement “BLUEBERRIES”
U.S. Blueberry Consumption Per Person
1 2 30
5
10
15
20
25
13
22
Year
Oun
ces
19971997 20072002
United States Highbush Blueberry Council; Available at www.blueberry.org
70% consumption increase from years 1997 to 2007
Blueberries Are Everywhere!!!
Blueberries• Blueberries provide health benefits for many
different conditions / diseases– Heart– Vision– Cancer – Diabetes
Antioxidant Activity
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Berries
Ant
ioxi
dant
Act
iv-
ity
USDA, ORAC of Selected Foods, 2007
Definitions
• Glucose (blood sugar)– Sugar in the blood that is used for energy
• Insulin– A hormone that controls the amount of
glucose in the blood– Produced from the pancreas
Definitions• Insulin sensitivity
– Insulin efficiently moves glucose from the bloodstream to the cells in the body
– Cells inside the body respond to the action of insulin
• Insulin resistance– Insulin has difficulty moving glucose from
the bloodstream to the cells in the body– Cells inside the body DO NOT fully
respond to the action of insulin
Blueberries as a Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
• Literature Review– Blueberries are a folk remedy in Canada for
treatment of diabetes (Martineau LC et al., Phytomedicine, 2006)
– Blueberries have been found to:• Reduce blood glucose concentrations in rats and
humans (Abidov M et al, 2006 ; DeFuria J et al, 2009)
• Increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells (Vuong T et al, 2006)
• Protect against obesity in rats (DeFuria J et al, 2009)
Humm….Can blueberries improve pre-diabetes and prevent diabetes in humans?
PBRC Blueberry Research Study • Primary Objective
– To evaluate the effect of blueberries on improving the ability of insulin to work in pre-diabetic individuals
• Hypothesis– Dietary supplementation with blueberry
smoothies will result in an increase in the ability of insulin to work in pre-diabetic individuals
Study Design
Baseline
Blueberry Smoothie
Placebo Smoothie
Screening
Insulin Sensitivity Test
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
End
End
Visits (Weeks)
*Randomized*Started consuming smoothies
Insulin Sensitivity Test
Measures the ability of insulin to move glucose (or blood sugar) from the bloodstream to the cells
Study DesignWeeks
Study Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Randomization Blood Pressure/Body Weight Blood and Urine Samples Physical, Heart Function, and Body Fat Exam Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Insulin sensitivity Test Nutritional Assessments Food Frequency Questionnaire 3-Day Food Records Fruit/Wine Questionnaire Smoothie Taste/Ratings Test Smoothie Pick-up
Nutritional Value of Smoothies
Nutritional Value (per 16oz) Blueberry PlaceboEnergy, kcal 239 234Carbohydrate, g 48.5 48.6 Fiber, g 4.2 4.3Protein, g 11.9 11.1Fat, g 0.08 0.08 Saturated Fat, g 0.05 0.05
Each participant consumed two 16oz smoothies per day (Total 32oz)
Blueberries provided (per 16oz smoothie): 80 kcal , 20g carbohydrates, 4g fiber, 0.8g protein, 0g fat
Vitamins and minerals: calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, folate, vitamin C, A, E, and K
16 ozBlueberry Smoothie
=1 cup of blueberries
Variables Blueberry Placebo
n=15 n=17Race African American 8 8 Caucasian 9 7Gender Male 2 3 Female 13 14Age, year 54 49Body weight, kg 99 103BMI, kg/m² 37 38Body fat, % 41 42
Characteristics of The Study Participants
The Ability of Insulin to Work in All ParticipantsFrom Beginning to End of Study
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Subject Numbers
% ∆
Ins
ulin
Sen
sitiv
ity
Blueberry Placebo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Blueberries Improved the Ability of Insulin to Work
Blueberry Placebo 0
5
10
15
20
25 22.2
4.9
%∆
Insu
lin S
ensit
ivity
∆ insulin Sensitivity = ability of insulin to work from week 0 to week 6
Consuming Blueberries Did Not Affect:
Food intakeBody weight%Body fat
Conclusions• Blueberry smoothies improved the ability of
insulin to work in pre-diabetic individuals
• The blueberry smoothie did not affect body weight and energy intake
Yummy…
Future Research
2nd Blueberry Study Evaluate the effects of blueberries on high blood pressure and heart health
*****will start RECRUITING soon!*****
We need your
help!!
For More Information About Blueberries
United States Highbush Blueberry Councilhttp://www.blueberry.orgBlue Harvest Farms
http://www.blueharvestfarms.com
Nutrition Informationhttp://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/food_health/nutrition
http://www.lsuagcenter.comhttp://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/food_health/nutrition
http://redstickfarmersmarket.orghttp://www.herbsociety.org
Thank You
Acknowledgements• William Cefalu, MD• William Johnson, Ph.D• Catherine Champagne, PhD, RD, LDN• Katherine Lastor, RD, LDN• PBRC inpatient and outpatient unit staff• Metabolic kitchen staff• PBRC Botanicals Research Center• United States Highbush Blueberry Council• Cefalu’s Lab• Participants
Recommended