A Cognitive Antenna for Wireless Applications

1

Tayfun Özdemir, Ph.D.Chief Technology Officer

A Cognitive AntennaA Cognitive Antennafor Wireless Applicationsfor Wireless Applications

330 East Liberty, Lower Level, Ann Arbor, MI 48104

Ph: 734.846.2550, Fx: 734.661.0159

tayfun@monarchantenna.com

http://www.monarchantenna.com

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Technology

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SelfSelf--Structuring Antenna (SSA)Structuring Antenna (SSA)

Technology

Conventional Antenna

Device

Antenna aperture configured dynamically by closing and opening of switches.

Device Genetic Algorithm

SSA

Feedback Signal

RF Switches

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Technology

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““PATTERN SHAPING”PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology

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““PATTERN SHAPING”PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology

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““PATTERN SHAPING”PATTERN SHAPING”

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Technology

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““FREQUENCY TUNING”FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology

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““FREQUENCY TUNING”FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology

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““FREQUENCY TUNING”FREQUENCY TUNING”

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Technology

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““SELFSELF--HEALING”HEALING”

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Technology

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Part of the antennastructure is damaged

Gain drops drastically

Antenna detunes

““SELFSELF--HEALING”HEALING”

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Technology

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Rest of the aperture isreconfigured

Gain recovers

Almost in tune

““SELFSELF--HEALING”HEALING”

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Technology

BENEFITS

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

FEATURES

Pattern shaping

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Technology

BENEFITS

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

Dynamic Compensation for Frequency Detuning & Packaging Effects

FEATURES

Pattern shaping

Frequency Tuning

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Technology

BENEFITS

Adaptive Beam and Null Steering

Dynamic Compensation for Frequency Detuning & Packaging Effects

Graceful Degradation

FEATURES

Pattern shaping

Frequency Tuning

Self-Healing

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Market

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Market

Wide-Band:Quad-band Phones (multiple frequencies)Media-capable Phone (high data rate)

Narrow Band:802.11 (WLAN)

Wi-Fi802.15 (PAN)

BluetoothZigbee

802.16 (WMAN)Wi-Max

Cellular Broadband3G / EDGE / GPRS / EVDO / UMTS / IDEN

Cellular VoiceGSM, CDMA, TDMA

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Consumer Market

Cell Phone & PDALaptop & Router Automotive HDTVZigbee

• Faster Downloads

• Smaller Dead Spots

• Longer Battery Life

• Fewer Dropped Calls

• Richer Content

SSA Benefits:SSA Benefits:

Greater Customer Greater Customer SatisfactionSatisfaction

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Defense Market

Air Sea Land Weapon

SSA Benefits:SSA Benefits:• Reliable RF Link in Dynamic Environments

• Multiplexing

• Faster Data Transfer for Video and Infrared

• Graceful Degradation in Hostile Environments

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Technology Solutions

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Handset Antenna

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch Low Gain

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch Low Gain

Inherent Problems Detuning Interference

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch Low Gain

Inherent Problems Detuning Interference

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Handset Antenna

Consumer Demands Range Capacity Cross-Platform Compatibility

OEM’s Solution MIMO Multi-Band

Implementation Challenges

Space Crunch Low Gain

Inherent Problems Detuning Interference

“Self-Structuring Antenna (SSA)”Solution:

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MIMO

∼λ/218cm – 6cm

(850MHz - 2.4Gz)

8cm

NOT ENOUGH SPACE!

(Space Crunch)

Multiple Antenna Solution

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MIMO

Multiple “Beams” by SSA

• Each Beam Provides a “Statistically Independent” Sample of the Signal Space to the MIMO Algorithm

• Small enough to fit into the handset

• Large enough to provide multiple beams

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Multi-Band

8cm

NOT ENOUGH SPACE!

(Space Crunch)

Multiple Antennas

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

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Multi-Band

Simultaneous Multi-Band

(Single Antenna)

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ANTENNA EFFICIENCY LOW FOR EACH BAND.

Hence Low Gain.

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

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Multi-Band

f

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ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND.

Hence High Gain.

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band(Frequency Tunable)

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

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Multi-Band

f

s11

ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND.

Hence High Gain.

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band(Frequency Tunable)

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

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Multi-Band

f

s11

ANTENNA EFFICIENCY HIGH FOR EACH BAND.

Hence High Gain.

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band(Frequency Tunable)

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

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Multi-Band

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

850 900 1300 1600 1800 1900 2400

Time-Division Multiplexing

…

(Multiple Radios)

…

“Instantaneous” Multi-Band by SSA(Frequency Tunable)

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Multi-Band

•Voice/Data (850, 900, 1800, 1900)•Bluetooth, WiFi (2400)•GPS (1300,1600)

Why does SSA take less space?

Common aperture servingmultiple radios

Dedicated antenna foreach radio.

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Adaptive Beamforming

(Demonstrated with the TV Antenna in 2002)

High Gain, Low Interference

Direction of Signal(High Gain)

Direction of Interference(Low Gain)

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Frequency Detuning

Conventional (Passive) Antenna

Any object near ¼ of wavelength ispart of the antenna and will alter thenear field -> Detunes the antenna.

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Frequency Detuning

Any object near ¼ of wavelength ispart of the antenna and will alter thenear field -> Detunes the antenna.

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Conventional (Passive) Antenna-> Detunes due to near field loading

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Frequency Detuning

SSA

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Frequency Detuning

f

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SSA also-> Detunes due to near field loading

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Frequency Detuning

Compensates by altering its aperture.

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SSA also-> But able to compensate

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Prototypes

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Prototype Pipeline

2002

2005

Automotive FM

TV

PAST

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Prototype Pipeline

NASA

2008-2011

Laptop Wi-Fi

2007-2009

2002

2005

Automotive FM

TV

ZigBee

2008-2009

PAST PRESENT

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Prototype Pipeline

Routers

WiMax

Cell Phone

NASA

2008-2011

Laptop Wi-Fi

2007-2009

2002

2005

Automotive FM

TV

ZigBee

2008-2009

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

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TV(50-800MHz)

TV & Automotive

Automotive FM(88-108MHz)

2002

2005

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TV

16” x 22”

50-800 MHz

32 SwitchesEdge Type 2 template 400 MHz horizontal polarization

optimized at every angleoptimized at zero deg

0

90

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TV

CEA-909-A (Design, 12/07)CEA-774-A (Measurement, 4/08)

Smart Antenna Standards are finally here!

TV SetSMART ANTENNA

RF

Feedback(CAE-909-A)

Why Smart Antenna?Move to Digital Broadcast in 2009

Rabbit Ears won’t cut it for Over the Air Broadcast

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TV

First Movers

• Sony and Hitachi made their proprietary I/O designs available w.r.t. CEA-909-A.

• Antennas Direct, outdoor "electronically steered" antenna

• RCA ANT2000 (Oct’08)

• GE Smart Digital Antenna (Dec’08).

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TV

Pursuing OEMs (Sony, Hitachi, etc…)

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Automotive FM

Heater Grid

Self-Structuring Antenna

Rear Window Frame

Antenna Feed

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Automotive FM

8 8 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 4 1 0 6 1 0 8

F r e q u e n c y ( M H z )

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2

3

4V S W R

F i r s t C o n f i g u r a t i o nS e c o n d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

Optimized over the entire FM Band(Simultaneous Multi-Band)

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Automotive FM

Optimized over each Frequency(Instantaneous Multi-Band, Frequency Tunable)

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1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

88 92 96 100 104 108

Frequency (MHz)

VS

WR

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Automotive FM

Prototype successfully demonstrated at Delphi in 2005

*** Currently not pursued ***

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Sep’07)

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Apr’07)

Laptop WiFi Demo

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Apr’07)

ZigBee Customer #1(Aug’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Apr’07)

GEN 2

Beam Switching(Sep’08)

ZigBee Customer #1(Aug’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Apr’07)

GEN 2

Beam Switching(Sep’08)

ZigBee Customer #1(Aug’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo Laptop WiFi Demo

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GEN 1 and GEN 2 Antennas

GEN 1

Polarization Diversity(Apr’07)

GEN 2

Beam Switching(Sep’08)

ZigBee Customer(Aug’08)

Laptop WiFi Demo Laptop WiFi Demo

ZigBee Prospect(Jun’08)

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Applied Mesh Technologies, LLC(Atlanta, GA)

Advanced Metering

(DCX)

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Advanced MeteringEach meter individually connects to the cell tower

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Advanced MeteringMeters network with each other andone meter connects to the cell tower.

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Monarch’s GEN 1 VS. Laird’s Nanoblade

Advanced Metering

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Monarch’s GEN 1 VS. Laird’s Nanoblade

Better Performance(Polarization Diversity)

Advanced Metering

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Advanced Metering

GEN 1 allows for arbitrary orientation

V-Pol

H-Pol

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ZigBee (GEN 1)

Advanced Metering

GEN 1 allows for arbitrary orientation

V-Pol

V-Pol

(Antenna flips its polarization)

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Laptop Wi-Fi(2.4 GHz)

WiFi (GEN 2)

Please visit Monarch booth for a demo.

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Lunar Wireless Mesh Network (2008) – WMAN, 802.16e

Fixed Wireless Network

Blue Team MANET

Green Team MANET

Lunar way station

Lunar Base Station

LCT

LRS

LRS

LRS

Mobile wireless link (10 km, 802.16e)

Fixed wireless link (10 km, 802.11n)

Ka / S-band link

Personal area sensor net (Zigbee)

10 km link

10 km link

Fixed Base

Hab

200m

Q-band link

NASA

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NASALunar Wireless Mesh Network (2008) – WMAN, 802.16e

LRSLRS

Lunar Relay Satellite (LRS)

SS

S

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NASA

PCB or E-Textile SSA

Wraparound Belt

Body Wearable

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NASA

Suit-To-Suit (WMAN, 802.16e)

SSA

SSA

SSA

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NASA

Suit-To-Rover (MIMO)

SSA

1

2

1

2

MIMO Matrix

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Company

Equity Partners

1. Delphi Technologies, Inc.

2. Michigan State University

3. Automation Alley

HQ: SPARK Ann Arbor, Michigan

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Company - Strategy

• Fabless technology company

• Strong IP

• Dual-use (from Military to Consumer)

• Product Differentiation for OEM: “Monarch Enabled”

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Tayfun Özdemir, Ph.D.Chief Technology Officer

Monarch Antenna, Inc.330 East Liberty, Lower LevelAnn Arbor, MI 48104Ph: 734.846.2550Fx: 734.661.0159tayfun@monarchantenna.comhttp://www.monarchantenna.com

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