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A Canadian Perspective on Applying the ISO 31000
Risk Management Principles
Presented by:Holly Elke, CRSP, CSP, CHRP, CMQ/OE
Senior QHSE AdvisorSH&E System Solutions
THE “HAZARD – BASED” APPROACH
Control and mitigate sources of harm or loss (hazards)
that may be encountered by personnel.
THE “HAZARD – BASED” APPROACH
HAZARD SOURCES
P eople
E quipment
M aterial
E nvironment
CHANGE
HAZARD BASED REGULATIONS
ALBERTA: OHS CODE – PART 2 –Hazard Assessment, Elimination and Control.
BRITISH COLUMBIA: WCA –DIVISION 3 – General Duties Of Employers & PART 3 OHS Regs –OHS Program Contents
HAZARD BASED REGULATIONS
SASKATCHEWAN: OHS Act – S.9 Duty to Provide Information.
MANITOBA: WHS Act – S.4 –Further Duties of Employers.
OSHA (US): Regs 1910 (General) and Regs 1926 (Construction) –Subparts focus on specific hazards and control measures.
TERMINOLOGY
RISK“Effect of uncertainty on objectives”
Effects – positive or negative deviations from what is expected.
Uncertainty – Lack of information, understanding or knowledge of an event, its consequence, or likelihood.
Objectives - financial, production, operational, HSE goals that are strategic, corporate, project, product or process driven.
ISO Guide 73/ ANSI Z690
TERMINOLOGY
RISK
Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the
event or exposure(s).
OHSAS 18001
THE RISK – BASED APPROACH
Control and mitigate sources of harm or loss (hazards, risk factors) based upon the level of foreseeable risk potential.
*Hazards can be a risk source*
RISK BASED REGULATIONS
9(3) If a hazard cannot be eliminated or controlled under subsection (2), the employer must use administrative controls that control the hazard to a level aslow as reasonably achievable.
ALBERTA OHS CODE – PART 2 – Hazard Assessment, Elimination and Control
RISK BASED REGULATIONS
"as low as reasonably achievable" or "ALARA" means, in reference to a substance, that measures must be taken to keep a worker's exposure to a level as low as is reasonably achievable;
BC OHS Regs: Part 5 Chemical Agents and Biological Agents
RISK BASED REGULATIONS SASKATCHEWAN: OHS
Regulations – Part III General Duties (S. 22 OHS Program).
MANITOBA: WSH Regs – MSIs, Working Alone, Violence.
OSHA (US): 1910.119 - Process Safety Management Standard.
OSHA: I2P2 (Injury & Illness Prevention Program) – proposed.
RISK BASED STANDARDS OHSAS 18001: 2007
ANSI Z10 (USA)
CSA Z1000- 06 (CANADA)
ANSI/ASSE Z590.3 – Prevention Through Design
ISO 31000:2009 and ANSI/ASSE Z690.2-2011 “Risk Management Principles and Guidelines”
WHY USE A RISK-BASED APPROACH ?
Standardizes risk management goals and methods to be used = increase in process efficiency.
Consistent framework that can be used by all business units and work groups = increase in process & employee effectiveness.
Due Diligence (defensible).
WHAT APPROACH DOES YOUR COMPANY USE?
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Communicate/Consult Stakeholders
Establish Risk Management Goals Internal and External factors Consider company resources &
capability
Define Risk Criteria to be used Frequency, likelihood, consequences
to be measured ALARA or ALARP
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Establish Risk Assessment Methods Risk Identification
Risk Analysis
Risk Evaluation (Prioritization)
Determine Risk Treatment Options Avoidance, Elimination, Substitution
Engineering, Administrative, PPE
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Monitor and Review Changes
New and emerging risks
Improvement opportunities
Efficiency & Effectiveness of Risk Treatment Options
RISK ANALYSIS: LIKELIHOOD
Frequency of Exposure Probability Loss = Likelihood
FREQUENCY OF EXPOSURE:
4 - Frequent (5+ per week/job)3 - Occasional ( 1+ per week/ 3+ per job )2 - Rare ( 1+ per moth/ 2+ per job)1 - Very Rare (1+ per year/job)
PROBABILITY OF LOSS:
4 - Expected/Likely (“Happens often”; > 1 per year)3 - Probable/ Occasional (1 occurrence in 3 years)2 - Possible/Rare ( 1 occurrence in 5 years) 1 - Remote/Very Rare (“Once in the life of the facility or
company”)
RISK ANALYSIS: LIKELIHOOD
PROBABILITY OF LOSS
FREQUENCY 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4
2 2 4 4 8
3 3 6 9 12
4 4 8 12 16
RISK ANALYSIS: SEVERITYSEVERITY
CATEGORY HEALTH SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
FINANCIAL LOSS PUBLIC IMPACT
6 One or more fatalities
Catastrophic – mutual aid required
Major environmental impact to neighbouring
receptors (public streams, vegetation, air, ground
water)
Extensive damage & extended downtime
(Corporate)
Serious impact -large community
5
Serious injury -permanent
disability, life-threatening
occupational illnesses
Significant Event - full disaster
response
Off-site release or repeated non-compliance issues with potential for
significant adverse impact
Major downtime (Division / Area)
Serious impact -small community
4
Serious injury -disabling
occupational illnesses
Serious threat -emergency response
(external agencies involved)
Contained within the facility - large impact or repeat non-compliance
issues
Minor damage or downtime
(Department)
Minor –families affected
3
Temporary disability - minor injuries, acute health effects
Important occurrence -potential emergency
response
Contained within facility -minimal impact &
regulatory reporting required
Minor damage or downtime (Individual processes)
Minor – limited no. of individuals
affected
2 First Aid or less Noticeable occurrence -reportable
Contained within facility with no adverse impact -below reportable levels
Minor damage & no downtime Minimal to none
RISK ANALYSISSeverity Likelihood = Risk Level or Priority Number
SEVE
RIT
Y
4 4 8 12 16 24 32 36 48 64
3 3 6 9 12 18 24 27 36 48
2 2 4 6 8 12 16 18 24 32
1 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 12 16
1 2 3 4 6 8 9 12 16
LIKELIHOOD (Fr x Pb)
RISK EVALUATION
RISK LEVEL PRIORITIZATION
1-9 = Minimal Risk Acceptable12-16 = Marginal Risk Acceptable with controls18-27 = Serious Risk Further controls suggested32-64 = Critical Risk Further controls required
RISK TREATMENT OPTIONS Avoidance – choose to not perform
the task or work activity.
Elimination – Remove the hazard (i.e. design valve handles to be accessible at floor level)
Substitution – Use a less harmful substance (solvent replacement for Toluene/Xylene/Varsol).
Share the Risk – hire competent personnel to perform the task
RISK TREATMENT OPTIONS
Engineered – Guards, Ventilation, Interlocking isolation systems (pipelines), Ergonomic equipment
Administrative – Safe Work Procedures, Practices, Rules, Training, Job rotation/schedule.
Share the Risk – hire competent personnel to perform the task
PPE
RISK METHOD SELECTION
CAN/CSA 31000“Risk Assessment Techniques”
(Based upon IEC/ISO 31010:2009)
HAZOP, What if, FMEA/FMECA, FTA, HACCP, Root cause analysis, etc.
PHA, Consequence/ Probability matrix & Human Reliability Assessment provide the foundation for our hybrid THA/JSA methods.
Task Hazard Assessment Form – Alberta Government
Task Hazard Assessment Template – Excel worksheet
Data base demonstration using the Task Hazard Assessment method.
APPLICATION OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Types of WorkList all types of work done at
the work site.
Work Related ActivitiesList all work related activities
for each type of work.
HazardsList the hazards for each work
related activity. List both health and safety hazards.
Risk (1–4) Rank(Priority)
ControlsList the proposed control(s) for each
hazard.
Completion Date
List the date the controls will be in
place.
Consequences
Frequency
Probability
Total
Task Hazard Assessment Form
http://humanservices.alberta.ca/working-in-alberta/268.html
Task Hazard Assessment Template
Data base demonstration using the Task Hazard Assessment method.
APPLICATION OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
QUESTIONS ?
CONTACT INFORMATION
WWW.IMPEDOSOLUTIONS.COM
OFFICE: 403-475-0937
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