A BRIEF HISTORY of JAPAN. ___________ supreme military leader _________ powerful, land-owning...

A BRIEFHISTORY of

JAPAN

___________ supreme military leader

_________ powerful, land-owninglandlord

____________ professional warriors

____________low, non-ruling class

► “Knights of Japan”► Highly respected and feared

► Followed _____________

- Code of ethics

Code of Code of BushidoBushido* Courage* Honor* Obedience* Loyalty

Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual Suicide by SwordRitual Suicide by Sword

Kaishaku – his “seconds”

It is honorable to die in this way.

Tokugawa Shogunate► Powerful Daimyo family that seized control of Japan and became the new Shoguns

● Closed all trade & travel with the Western World

________________

Japan Changes Direction Japan Changes Direction During the During the

Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912

Commodore Matthew Perry

18531853Commodore Matthew PerryCommodore Matthew Perry

“Opens Up” Japan to “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!Western Trade!

What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??

Coaling stations.

More trading partners.

A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

The Treaty of Kanagawa - The Treaty of Kanagawa - 18541854

Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…

The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”

After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.

The The Shi-shiShi-shi (“Men of High (“Men of High Purpose”)Purpose”)

Highly idealistic Highly idealistic samuraisamurai who felt that the who felt that the

arrival of Westerners was an attack on arrival of Westerners was an attack on thethe traditional values of Japan. traditional values of Japan. They believed that:They believed that:

Japan was sacred ground.Japan was sacred ground. The emperor, now a figurehead inThe emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God. Kyoto, was a God.

Were furious at the Shogun for signing Were furious at the Shogun for signing treatiestreaties with the West without the Emperor’s with the West without the Emperor’s consent.consent. Their sloganTheir slogan Revere the Emperor, ExpelRevere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians! the Barbarians!

The Meiji Revolt - 1868The Meiji Revolt - 1868 A powerful A powerful groupgroup of of samuraisamurai overthrow the overthrow the Shogun. Shogun. Sakamoto Sakamoto RyomaRyoma,, the hero. the hero. He helped He helped JapanJapan emerge from emerge from feudalism into feudalism into aa unified modern unified modern state. state.

The Shogunate Is The Shogunate Is Overthrown!Overthrown! The last

Shogun. Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

The Emperor Is “Restored” The Emperor Is “Restored” to Powerto Power

MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”

Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?

Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened

Modernization Modernization by by

“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”

Popular board Popular board game.game. Start by leavingStart by leaving Japan & studying in Japan & studying in various Western various Western capitals. capitals. End by returning toEnd by returning to Japan and Japan and becoming abecoming a prominent prominent governmentgovernment official. official.

EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods

Europe began Europe began toto “loom large” in “loom large” in

the thinking of the thinking of many many Japanese.Japanese. New sloganNew slogan:: Japanese Japanese Spirit;Spirit; Western Western Technology! Technology!

The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed

with Western Styleswith Western Styles

Civilization and Enlightenment!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Japanese soldiers with their wives.

The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress

Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912) (1868- 1912)

Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions

1900 Styles1900 Styles The FirstThe First“Miss Japan”“Miss Japan”

(1908)(1908)

Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895

The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the The Meiji Emperor was in Hiroshima during the Sino-Japanese WarSino-Japanese War

Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War

The The Treaty of ShimonosekiTreaty of Shimonoseki ended the ended the war.war.

Today—Tensions Between Today—Tensions Between China & JapanChina & Japan

EEZEEZ-Exclusive -Exclusive EconomicEconomic Zone. Zone.

Offshore gas field in Offshore gas field in the East China Sea the East China Sea reveals recently reveals recently strained relations strained relations between China & between China & Japan.Japan.

Tension over disputedTension over disputed gas field on the rise, gas field on the rise, exacerbating mutual exacerbating mutual mistrust dating back to mistrust dating back to the Sino-Japanese War. the Sino-Japanese War.

The Russo-Japanese War:The Russo-Japanese War:1904-19051904-1905

The The Battle of TsushimaBattle of Tsushima::The results startled the world!The results startled the world!

President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace

The The Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth, NH ended , NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.the Russo-Japanese War.

Japan Annexes KoreaJapan Annexes Korea

Japan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in China

Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the

HorizonHorizon

The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”

But, Japanese Power Would But, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .Grow . . .

Japan invaded China 1937

New Japan

• Democratic• Pacifist• Devoted to Business

Hayato IkedaHayato Ikeda

Modern Japan

Toyota HybridToyota Hybrid

Bullet TrainBullet Train

Modern CitiesModern Cities

Shinto Arch

Kami – spirits in natureKami – spirits in nature