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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SINGAPORE in collaboration with UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2
CANDIDATE NAME
CENTRE INDEX NUMBER NUMBER ITITJ
11
0 - -
shy PHYSICS 964603E
J~ = Paper 3 Longer Structured Ouestions OctoberNovember 2010mshy
II 2 hours
o~ Candidates answer on the Question Paper J-=gt== No Additional Materials are required
11
~
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number index number and name on all the work you hand in Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams graphs or rough working 00 not use staples paper clips highlighlers glue or correction fluid
Section A Answer all questions
Section B Answer any two questions
You are advised to spend about one hour on each section
At the end of the examination fasten all your work securely together The number of marks is given in brackets r I at the end of each question or pari question
For Examiners Use
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
Total
This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page
lAI(1-01 Singapore Examinallons and Assessment Board ~41 UN IVER~ITI of CAM~RIJGE ~ International Examinations
~ copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 DC (NFSW) 33256 [Turn over
Data
speed of light in free space
permeability of free space
permittivity of free space
elementary charge
the Planck constant
unified atomic mass constant
rest mass of electron
rest mass of proton
molar gas constant
the Avogadro constant
the Boltzmann constant
gravitational constant
acceleration of free fall
e UClES s MOE 2010
2
c =300 x 108 rns
fLo = 4n x 10-7 H rn
Bo =885 x 10- 12 Fm- 1
(136n)) x 10-9 Fm- 1
e = 160 x 10-19 C
h = 663 x 10-34 J s
u = 166 x 10- 27 kg
me = 911 x 10-3 1 kg
m = 167 x 10-27 kgp
R = 831 J K-1 rnor
NA = 602 x 1023 mol- 1
k = 138 x 10-23 J K- 1
G =667 x 10-11 N m2 kg- 2
29 = 981 ms-
9646 03l0lNl0
3
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s =ut + ~at2
work done onby a gas w =p1V
hydrostatic pressure p =pgh
cent =_ Gmgravitational potential r
displacement of particle in shm x = Xo sin cot
velocity of particle in shrn II = Vo cos cot
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas E = ~kT
resistors in series
resistors in parallel 1R = 1R1 + 1R2 +
Qelectric potential V= ~-
4rrco
atternatinq currenVvoltage x = Xosin cot
transmission coefficient T ~ exp(-2kd)
sn2m(U - E)h kwere = h2
radioactive decay x = Xoexp(- At)
A = 0693decay constant t ~
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103l0IN10 [Turn over
--- - - - -
- - -- - - - -
- - - -
- - - - - - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - -
4
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1 (a) State what is meant by tatent heat of vaporisation
[2)
(b) A student carries out an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water
Water is boiled in a beaker by means of an electric heater as shown in Fig 11
to power supply
beaker
- --
---
- -water -y I I I f--shy
-
Fig 11
The power P supplied to the heater is measured When the water is boiling at a constant rate the mass m of water evaporated in 50 minutes is determined
Data for the power P and the mass m for two different values of P are shown in Fig 12
PIW mig
140 141
95 82
Fig 12
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 9646J0310N10
For Examme(s
Use
5
(i) Suggest why in order to obtain a reliable result for the specific latent heat the mass m is determined for two different values of P
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[1J
(ii) Calculate the value for the specif ic latent heat L of vaporisation
L = J g-1 3]
For EXEminels
Use
964 6030N l 0 [TUrn over e UCLES 8 MOE 20 10
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
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[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
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~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
Data
speed of light in free space
permeability of free space
permittivity of free space
elementary charge
the Planck constant
unified atomic mass constant
rest mass of electron
rest mass of proton
molar gas constant
the Avogadro constant
the Boltzmann constant
gravitational constant
acceleration of free fall
e UClES s MOE 2010
2
c =300 x 108 rns
fLo = 4n x 10-7 H rn
Bo =885 x 10- 12 Fm- 1
(136n)) x 10-9 Fm- 1
e = 160 x 10-19 C
h = 663 x 10-34 J s
u = 166 x 10- 27 kg
me = 911 x 10-3 1 kg
m = 167 x 10-27 kgp
R = 831 J K-1 rnor
NA = 602 x 1023 mol- 1
k = 138 x 10-23 J K- 1
G =667 x 10-11 N m2 kg- 2
29 = 981 ms-
9646 03l0lNl0
3
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s =ut + ~at2
work done onby a gas w =p1V
hydrostatic pressure p =pgh
cent =_ Gmgravitational potential r
displacement of particle in shm x = Xo sin cot
velocity of particle in shrn II = Vo cos cot
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas E = ~kT
resistors in series
resistors in parallel 1R = 1R1 + 1R2 +
Qelectric potential V= ~-
4rrco
atternatinq currenVvoltage x = Xosin cot
transmission coefficient T ~ exp(-2kd)
sn2m(U - E)h kwere = h2
radioactive decay x = Xoexp(- At)
A = 0693decay constant t ~
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103l0IN10 [Turn over
--- - - - -
- - -- - - - -
- - - -
- - - - - - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - -
4
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1 (a) State what is meant by tatent heat of vaporisation
[2)
(b) A student carries out an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water
Water is boiled in a beaker by means of an electric heater as shown in Fig 11
to power supply
beaker
- --
---
- -water -y I I I f--shy
-
Fig 11
The power P supplied to the heater is measured When the water is boiling at a constant rate the mass m of water evaporated in 50 minutes is determined
Data for the power P and the mass m for two different values of P are shown in Fig 12
PIW mig
140 141
95 82
Fig 12
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 9646J0310N10
For Examme(s
Use
5
(i) Suggest why in order to obtain a reliable result for the specific latent heat the mass m is determined for two different values of P
bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull r 0 bullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull bullbull bull bull bull
[1J
(ii) Calculate the value for the specif ic latent heat L of vaporisation
L = J g-1 3]
For EXEminels
Use
964 6030N l 0 [TUrn over e UCLES 8 MOE 20 10
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
3
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s =ut + ~at2
work done onby a gas w =p1V
hydrostatic pressure p =pgh
cent =_ Gmgravitational potential r
displacement of particle in shm x = Xo sin cot
velocity of particle in shrn II = Vo cos cot
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas E = ~kT
resistors in series
resistors in parallel 1R = 1R1 + 1R2 +
Qelectric potential V= ~-
4rrco
atternatinq currenVvoltage x = Xosin cot
transmission coefficient T ~ exp(-2kd)
sn2m(U - E)h kwere = h2
radioactive decay x = Xoexp(- At)
A = 0693decay constant t ~
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103l0IN10 [Turn over
--- - - - -
- - -- - - - -
- - - -
- - - - - - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - -
4
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1 (a) State what is meant by tatent heat of vaporisation
[2)
(b) A student carries out an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water
Water is boiled in a beaker by means of an electric heater as shown in Fig 11
to power supply
beaker
- --
---
- -water -y I I I f--shy
-
Fig 11
The power P supplied to the heater is measured When the water is boiling at a constant rate the mass m of water evaporated in 50 minutes is determined
Data for the power P and the mass m for two different values of P are shown in Fig 12
PIW mig
140 141
95 82
Fig 12
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 9646J0310N10
For Examme(s
Use
5
(i) Suggest why in order to obtain a reliable result for the specific latent heat the mass m is determined for two different values of P
bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull r 0 bullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull bullbull bull bull bull
[1J
(ii) Calculate the value for the specif ic latent heat L of vaporisation
L = J g-1 3]
For EXEminels
Use
964 6030N l 0 [TUrn over e UCLES 8 MOE 20 10
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
--- - - - -
- - -- - - - -
- - - -
- - - - - - - -- - - - - -
- - - - - -
4
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1 (a) State what is meant by tatent heat of vaporisation
[2)
(b) A student carries out an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water
Water is boiled in a beaker by means of an electric heater as shown in Fig 11
to power supply
beaker
- --
---
- -water -y I I I f--shy
-
Fig 11
The power P supplied to the heater is measured When the water is boiling at a constant rate the mass m of water evaporated in 50 minutes is determined
Data for the power P and the mass m for two different values of P are shown in Fig 12
PIW mig
140 141
95 82
Fig 12
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 9646J0310N10
For Examme(s
Use
5
(i) Suggest why in order to obtain a reliable result for the specific latent heat the mass m is determined for two different values of P
bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull r 0 bullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull bullbull bull bull bull
[1J
(ii) Calculate the value for the specif ic latent heat L of vaporisation
L = J g-1 3]
For EXEminels
Use
964 6030N l 0 [TUrn over e UCLES 8 MOE 20 10
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
5
(i) Suggest why in order to obtain a reliable result for the specific latent heat the mass m is determined for two different values of P
bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull r 0 bullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull ~ bull bullbull bull bull bull
[1J
(ii) Calculate the value for the specif ic latent heat L of vaporisation
L = J g-1 3]
For EXEminels
Use
964 6030N l 0 [TUrn over e UCLES 8 MOE 20 10
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
2
6
A small ball of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod The ball is made to move at constant speed around the circumference of a vertical circle with centre at C as shown in Fig21
ball mass m --- - - - - shy
light rod ----I a72m
cmiddot -----shyFig21
When the rod is vertical with the ball above C the tension T in the rod is given by
T 2mg
where 9 is the acceleration of free fall
(a) (i) Explain why the centripetal force on the ball is greater than 2 mg
[11
(ii) State in terms of mg the magnitude of the centripetal force
centripetal force = (1 J
(iii) Determine the magnitude of the tension in terms of mg in the rod when the rod is vertical with the ball below point C
tension = [1]
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603QNl0
For ExamIners
Use
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
7
(b) The distan ce from the centre of the ball to point Cis 072 m
Use your answer in (a)(ii) to dete rmine for the ball
(0 the angular speed
angular speed = rads-1 [3]
(ii) the linear speed
linear speed = m 5- 1 [2]
(c) The ball has a constant angular speed
(i) Explain why work has to be done for the ball to move from the position where it is vertically above point C to the position where it is vertically below C
[2]
(II) Calculate the work done in (I) for a ball of mass 240 g
work done = J [2)
For Examiners
Use
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603l0N110 [Tu rn over
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
8
3 Force-fields may be represented using lines that have direction I For Examiners
Use(a) State
(i) what is meanl by a field of force
1]
(ii) how using lines of force changes in the strength of a force-field are represented
bull ~ bullbull bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull ~ bull bullbull e bullbull ~ bullbullbullbull ~ bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull ~ ~ bull bull bull bull ~ ~ bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbull bull bullbullbull bull
[2]
(b) Conventionally arrows on field lines define the direction of a force acting on an object
State the property of the object that experiences a force in this direction for
(i) a gravitational field
[1]
(ii) an electric field bull
[1]
(iii) a magnetic field
[1]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646J0301N10
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
9
(c) Explain how an electric field and a magnetic field may be used for the velocity selection For of charged particles You may draw a diagram if you wish I Examiners
Use
[4]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646103101N10 [Turn over
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
4
10
A circuit consists of three resistors Rl R2 and R3 and two switches A and B as shown in Fig 41
I-------------Oy-------
B
Fig 41
The resistance between terminals X and Y is measured for different settings of the switches A and B The results are shown in Fig 42
switch A switch 8 resistance between X and Y Q
open open
closed closed
open closed open
closed
12 10 6 6
Fig 42
(a) Determine the resistance of
(i) resistor R1
resistance = Q [1]
(ii) resistor R2 bull
resistance = Q [1]
(iii) resistor R3
resistance = Q [1]
(b) Switch A is now closed and switch B is open
Calculate the resistance between terminals X and Z
resistance = Q f2]
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0N1 0
For Exammers
Use
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
11
5 (a) By reference to the photoelectric effect state what is meant by the work function of a For surface Examine(s
Use
[1)
(b) Light of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal surface having a work function of 25eV
Determine whether electrons are emitted from the suriace
[4]
(c) Exptain whether your conclusion In (b) Is aHected by the intensity of light incident on the surface
[2]
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lON10 [Turn over
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
12
Section 8
Answer two questions from this section
6 (a) Define force
[2)
(b) A light helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point as shown in Fig 61
spring
mass
Fig 61
DiHerent masses are suspended from the spring The weight Wof the mass and the length L of the spring are noted
The variation with weight Waf the length L is shown in Fig 62
~ - =shy ~ l~+ H-1++++1
- 1-H--1-H- - _ T-I -H-fmiddot~~+-HH-t+++l--f--HH-+-H--I middot+H- I + 1 )+++1--1-shy +-1
H --t-middot+++ Io-Irl-+-+-H-+-I-t-H-+-++ + H --HH+-Ishy -shy - - - shy -shy
-t-1--j-+-t-+-I-+-+-H-+-I-I-t--I++-++H -l-+ + middot -- - shy - -- - - --I--H-+HH
-H-l-+-tshy - -shy - f++++l--- JtEE=etiJ - 1-
- -++-I + -1--H-+-+-I-H-f+-1-1-H--iHH+++I- H-l- shyH- -H-H - I-HH-+-1--f-+-I-t-H-+-++ I-+-1
4 +++-+-iH-+-+++-+--~-++-++++-H-+-+-++++-+-iH-+-++++-+-+-i+-l--++++t-+-i-+-H
J~ 1-~ H- I-+-I++++~H 4 I j H -+-f-+-I--+--H-+-H--+-1
H --f-+ + +-I-H-++f-I 1 I shy Irl i I ~
53 4
WIN
H-+-+-HH-++-I_ l-l I+-t-+H-+-H-H-+-I--t-shy
Fig 62
copyUCLES ampMOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
13
(i) On Fig 62 show clearly the area of the graptl that represents energy stored in the spring when the weight on the spring is increased from zero to 50N (1)
(Ii) For a spring undergoing an elastic change the force per unit extension of the spring is known as the force constant k
Show that the energy E stored in Ihe spring for an extension x of the spring is given by Ihe expression
E = ~kx2
[2]
Question 6 continues on the next page
FOf
Examiners Use
9646f03l0 fNf10 [Turn overcopy UClES amp MOE 2010
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
14
(c) A mass of weight 40N is suspended from the spring in (b)
When the mass is stationary it is then pulled downwards a distance of DaDem and held stationary
(i) Determine the total length of the spring
length = cm [1 J
(ii) For the increase in extension of osocrn determine the magnitude of the change in
1 the gravitational potential energy of the mass
change = J [2)
2 the elastic potential energy of the spring
change = J [3]
(Iii) Use your answers in (ii) to show that the work done to cause the additional extension of D80em is 40 x 10-3 J
[1)
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603IONI10
I FOI
Examiners Use
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
15
(d) The mass in (c) is now released The mass performs simple harmonic motion
(i) State the total energy of oscillation of the mass
energy = J [1j
(il) Calculate for the mass
1 its maximum speed
speed = m S-l [2]
2 the frequency of oscillation
frequency = Hz [3]
(e) The spr ing in (d) is assumed to be light In practice the spring will have some mass
Assuming that the spring constant k is unchanged suggest and explain the effect on the freque ncy of osci llation 01 having a spring with mass
bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull l bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 6 bullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbullbull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull
~ ~
[2)
I For Examlllers
Use
[Turn over9646f030fNf10copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
7
16
(a) Explain what is meant by a progressive transverse wave
progressive
transverse _
(3]
(b) Slate how a polarised transverse wave differs from an unpolarised transverse wave
[2)
(c) Light is polarised when it passes through a sheet of material known as polaroid
The component of the displacement of the wave in the direction of polarisation produced by the polaroid tS unaffected as the wave passes through the polaroid The -component normal to the direction of polarisation is completely absorbed by the polaroid
Two sheets of polaroid P and Q are placed close to each other Their directions of polarisation are parallel to one another as shown in Fig 71
polaroid Qpolaroid P
polarised light unpolarised
incident light amplitude A intensity I
direction of polarisation
Fig 71
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646030N10
For Examiners
Use
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
17
A parallel beam of light passes through polaroid P The beam after passing through polaroid P has amplitude A and intensity I
The beam then passes through polaroid Q
For the light transmitted through polaroid Q state
(i) the amplitude (in terms of Al
amplitude =
(ii) the in-tensity (in terms 01 l)
intensity =
(iii) the relation between the answers to (i) and (ii)
[2]
(d) The polaroid Q in (c) is now rotated about the axis of the light beam as shown in Fig 72
polaroid P
unpolarised
light
Fig 72
The plane of polaroid Q remains parallel to the plane of polaroid P
The angle between the direction of polarisation of polaroid P and of polaroid 0 is e
Complete Fig 73 to show the amplitude in terms of A and the intensity in terms 01 I for angle (I equal to 180deg 90deg and 60deg
angle 0 amplitude intensity
180deg
90deg ~ ~ ~
60deg -
Fig 73 [3]
For Examme(s
Use
copy UCLES amp MOE 2010 9646f030Nll 0 [Turn over
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
18
(e) (i) State the principle of superposition
3
(ii) A sound wave passes into a pipe that is open at both ends 85 shown in Fig 74
wall of pioe
I incident sound wave
67cm
Fig 74
The sound wave travels along the axis of the pipe
Explain the formation 01 a stationary (standing) wave In the pipe
[2J
(1) The frequency of the sound wave in (e)(ii) is gradually increased from a low value
A loud sound is heard in the pipe for the first time at a frequency of 250 Hz
The length of the pipe is 67cm
(i) On Fig 74 mark all the positions of
1 the displacement antinodes (use the letter A)
2 the displacement nodes (use the letter N) [1 J
(ii) Calculate a value for the speed of sound in the pipe
1speed = ms- [2J
e UCLES amp MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
For Examlne(s ~
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
19
(g) An alternative more reliable method of measuring the speed of sound shows that the I For value in (f)(ii) is an underestimate Examine(s
Use
This underestimate cannot be attributed to the uncertainty in the measurement of either the frequency or the length of the pipe
State and explain what can be deduced about the positions of either the nodes or the antinodes of the stationary wave in the pipe
[2]
copy UCl ES amp MOE 2010 9646f030NI10 [Turn over
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
20
8 (a) An unstable nucleus of nucleon number (mass number) A undergoes a-decay as illustrated in Fig 8 1
stationary nucleus nucleon number A
before decay 0 v V
o ~
after decay o daughter a-particle nucleus
Fig81
The nucleus is stationary before the decay
After the decay the initial speed of the a-particle is Vand that of the daughter nucleus is v
(i) State an equation in terms of A v and V to represent conservation of linear momentum for this decay
bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull ~ v-
[2J
(il) Show that the ratio
initial kinetic energy of a-particle
initial kinetic energy of daughter nucleus
is equal to (~A - 1)
(3]
UCLES ampMOE 2010 9646103l0Nl0
For Examiners
Use
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
21
(b) Data for the a-decay of bismuth-212 (2~~Bi) to form thallium-2G8 e~~TI ) are given in Fig 82
nucleus
bismu lh-212 thallium-208 helium-4
-
mass of nucleus u
2119459 2079374
40015 -
For Examiners
Use
Fig 82
(i) Use the data of Fig 82 to calculate to two places of decimals the energy released during the decay
energy = MeV 4]
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to show that based on the expression in (a)(ii) the energy of the a -particle is 642 MeV
[2]
964 603 01NJ10 [Turn over copy UCLES amp MOE 2010
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
22
(e) In practice the a-particle is found to have an energy of 610MeV rather than 6 42 MeV as calculated in (b)(ii)
Suggest
(i) an explanation for the difference in energy
[1]
(ii) why it is likely that the thallium nucleus and the a-particle do not move off in opposite directions
[3)
(d) Some data for the half-lives and decay constants of bismuthmiddot212 and thallium-208 are given in Fig 83
nucleus half-life I s decay constant S-1 --__ - - - shy
bismuthmiddot212 19 x 10-4
thallium-2G8 190 37 x 10- 3
_ ~ ~
Fig 63
(I) Complete Fig 83 by calculating tne half-life of bismuthmiddot212
[1 J
copy UCLES s MOE 2010 964603lOIN10
Fot amp1Jmlners
Use
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
23
(ii) Initially a radioact ive source contains N nuclei of bismuth-212 For
ExaminersAfter two hours it is found that the number of bismuth-212 nuclei has reduced to j Use approximately ~N However although bismuth-212 decays to form thallium-20B the number of thallium nuclei is much less than ~N
Suggest an explanation for these observations
[4]
copy UGLES s MOE 2010 964603l0Nl0
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