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Recapyourknowledge…• WeimarRepublicin1932wascrippledfollowingtheGREATDEPRESSION• Bruning hadstruggledtomaketheconstitutionworkrelyingonPresidentialdecrees• Supportfortheextremepartieswasgrowing(LeftandRight)• TheNaziswon107seatsin1930(18%),theirbiggestwinever,howeverthe
Communistsalsoachievedsignificantgains(13%)plustheSocialDemocratsgaining25%
KEYPOINT: Despitethis,itwasstillasmallproportionofthe577seats,andHitlerwasstillfarfromcomingtopower
Howthendoyouthink/predictHitlerwillbeChancellorwithinayear?
ChancellorCopythisdiagram
March1932:PresidentialelectionsHitlerwins11mvotesApril1932:PresidentialelectionsHitlerwins13mvotes
May1932:VonPapenbecomeschancellor
July1932:Reichstagelections(generalelection),Naziswin230seats
December1932:Schleicherbecomeschancellor
January30th1933:Hitlerbecomeschancellor
Bruning
VonPapen
Schleicher
Hitler
Changesofgovernment1932-33
WhatcanyouinferaboutthestabilityofGermangovernmentin1932-33?
Whatisyourevidence?
Hindenberg isre-elected(nomajority)=anotherelection
Hindenberg isre-elected
WhattacticsdidtheNazi’sadoptintheelections?
• WatchthefollowingclipsandmakeanoteofNazitactics…
- UsingHitlerasafigurehead- Propagandaposters- Theatres&Films- Rallies- Thuggery,murderingopposition
Othermethodsofcampaigning…
• Usingtheaeroplane,Hitlerwasabletobein5citiesinoneday
• Massrallies(organised byGoebbels)• Radio&records
• Despitenotwinningtheelection,GoebbelspresentedthewinasavictoryforHitler
“HitleroverGermany”
ChancellorBruning:Bruning attemptedtobantheSAandSSfollowingtheirviolenceduringthePresidentialelectionswantingtocalmtheunrestandcontroltheNazis.
Healsoannouncedhewouldbuylandfromlandownersandusetohousetheunemployed.
Whatdoyouthinkweretheconsequencesoftheseactions?
1. UnitedtherightwinggroupsagainstBruning2. Upsetthelandowners,whothensupportedtheNazis3. InfuriatedHindenburgwhowasalandownerhimself
4. WithoutthesupportoftheReichstagandthePresident,Bruningresigned30th May1932
ConsequencesofBruning’s actions:
VonSchleicherorganised acoalitionofrightwingsupporters(landowners,industrialistsandarmyofficers).
HesuggestedtoPresidentHindenburgthatVonPapenshouldbetheChancellorofthisnewcoalition.
Theydidn’thaveamajority,butSchleicherpersuadedHindenburgsayingtheNazi’ssupportwouldallowthemtopassdecreesmeaningtheywouldn't needtheReichstag
SchleichergotHitler’ssupportbyremovingthebanontheSA
TheNaziswerenowinGovernmentforthefirsttimeSignificanceofthis…
ChancellorVonPapenVonPapenwasintroublefromthestart,inJuly1932therewasanotherelectionwithincreasedviolenceinthestreetsfromtheSA.
TheresultswereastonishingfortheNazis:
TheNaziswerethebiggestparty,soHitlerdemandedtobemadeChancellor
Significanceofthis…
HindenburgsaidNO!hehatedHitler.
WhatnextforVonPapen?...
I’mgoingtocallanothergeneral
electionandhopetheNazislosesupport!
Thegambledidpayoff,butnotbyenough,theNazislostseatsfrom230to196,buttheywerestillthelargestpartyintheReichstag.
VonSchleicherpersuadedHindenburgtosackVonPapen…
VonSchleicherVonSchleichertoldHindenburgthattheNaziswerefinishedandtomakehimChancellor,Hindenburg,indesperationagreed.
HehadnosupportintheReichstag,inpublicorfromtheNazis.
VonSchleicherthenaskedHindenburgtosuspendtheconstitutionandmakehimheadofamilitarydictatorship!Hesaidthearmywouldsupporthim…
WhatcanIdo?
Let’smakeadealwithHitlertostopacivilwar?
MakeHitlerChancellor,andmevicechancellor,thiswayhethinkshehaspower,butyouandIwillmakeallthedecisions,Hitlerwilljustbeafigurehead.We’llpushHitlersofarintoacornerthathe’llsqueek likeamouse
within2months!
Idon’tknow,areyousure?Healwaysseemstofindawayto
comeoutontop!?!– Okthen,let’sdothis,wemustmaintainthe
WeimarConstitution…
Let’spauseandthinkforaminute…
Sowhat,we’ve hadsomanychancellorsinthelastyear,Hitlerisjustgoingtofailaswellisn'the?
WhatisdifferentaboutHitlerasChancellor?
Hindenburgcanstillgetridofhimanytimehewants?
TheroleofHindenburg,VonSchleicherandVonPapeninHitlerbecomingChancellor…
UsedArticle48alotwhichweakenedtheReichstag,leadingtoissues,angerand
instability
BothVonSchleicherandVonPapenwererightwingconservativeswhowantedgovernmentcontrolledbylandownersandindustrialistsnotelectedparties.By
suggestingHindenburgcouldjustusethearmytoruleinsteadoftheReichstag,theyunderminedtheWeimarRepublic,
furtheraddingtotheinstability
AllthreeunderestimatedHitler,theyallthoughttheycouldcontroltheNazis,buttheycouldn't…
Publicmeetings
PropagandamanagedbyGoebbels
Partyorganisation,e.g.traininginpublic
speaking
Focusonfarmersandmiddleclass
Useoftechnology,e.g.radio,aircraft
Ditchedunsuccessfulpolicies,e.g.
nationalisingindustry,andkeptothersvague
Powerfulspeaker,e.g.reportbyBritishForeignOfficein1930stalksof‘astonishingsway’
Decisiveleader
Postercampaigns,rallies,etc.builthimup
Unemploymentforfactoryworkers(40%),youngpeople(50%)
Homelessness
Breakdownoflawandorderinsomeareas
SAdisruptedoppositionactivities
Unpopularpoliciese.g.cutbenefit,raisedtaxes
RulebyPresident– hostiletoWeimar
Extremism– riseofCommunistshelpedNazis
VonPapenagreedtoworkwithHitlertokeepoutvonSchleicher
VonPapenandHindenburgunderestimatedHitlerandthoughttheycouldcontrolhim
Refusedtoco-operatewithvonPapenunlesshewasmadeChancellor
PoliticalmanoeuvringbetweenvonSchleicher and
vonPapen
Hitler’sleadershipskills
TheDepression
WHYDIDHITLERBECOMECHANCELLOR
IN1933?
Nazitactics
TheweaknessesoftheWeimargovernment
Summaryofthestory
• You’reabouttoseeaseriesofpictures,ifselectedyouwillneedtoexplainwhatitrepresentsusingyourknowledgeofthistopic(HitlertoChancellor)…
• Youwillhave10secondsthinkingtimeandthenyouwillpassonthenextimagetosomeoneintheroom,iftheygetitwrongitcomesbacktoyou.
• Noonecanbeselectedtwice…
WhydidHitlerbecomeChancellor
in1933?
TheweaknessoftheWeimargovernment
pg49
TheDepressionPg46-51
Hitler’sleadershipP51-53
Nazitactics/PromisesP44-45P50-53
Writeanessaywitheachofthesefactorsactingasseparateparagraphs.Conclusion–Whichparagraphswereinyouropinionthemostimportant?
Createabulletpointedplanasyougoaswelltoaccompanythis
REVISION:CRUCIALTOPICTOUNDERSTAND!
TheDealpg61
WhiteGermanyBook
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