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7C Environment and Feeding Relationships
© Tony P. Thould
September 2000
Where does all of the energy come from?
ECOLOGY
From:-
Ecos - Homes ology - The study of…...
The study of Plants and Animals in the places where they live.
ECOLOGICAL TERMS
HABITAT where an animal or plant lives
COMMUNITY all the organisms in a habitat
ENVIRONMENT the surrounding which affects them
FLORA AND FAUNA Plants and animals
ECOSYSTEM the community and environment
ADAPTATION suited to a particular environment
One of the eight characteristics of living things is that every living thing needs to feed.
From the food they get the fuel to change into the sort of energy they need.
The energy can be then used by the plant or animal for movement, growth etc.
WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM?
This is a PRODUCER
So is this And this
But this isn’t
Neither is this Or this
SO WHAT ARE PRODUCERS?
All green plants are
PRODUCERS
This is because they PRODUCE (make) the food for themselves and for the animals
which eat them by PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Energy from the sun reaches the plant in the form of light and heat.
The plant uses the sun’s energy to make food by
Photosynthesis PRODUCER
All green plants are PRODUCERS
This is because they PRODUCE the food for the animals by PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The first animal to feed on the plant is called
the PRIMARY CONSUMER
All Primary Consumers are Herbivores i.e.
plant eaters
Some of the energy from the sun is now in the Primary Consumer
The Primary Consumer is eaten by the SECONDARY CONSUMER
Secondary Consumers are all CARNIVORES or OMNIVORES
The Ladybird is a
PRIMARY CONSUMER
……..Because it’s the first animal to feed on the plant
The PRIMARY CONSUMER
Is now eaten by the …...
SECONDARY CONSUMER
This is a SECONDARY
CONSUMER
It eats the Primary Consumer - in this case the Ladybird
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
Are all
CARNIVORES (meat eaters)
or
OMNIVORES (eat plants & animals)
Some of the energy from the sun is now in the
Secondary Consumer
The Hawk is the Third or Tertiary
Consumer which now has some of the
energy from the sun.
PREDATOR
PREY
BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•Examples of Food Chains and how to draw one
•Where the energy comes from to supply a food chain
•What sort of Organisms are Producers
•What is meant by Producers, Consumers, Predators, Prey, Herbivores, Carnivores and Omnivores
Some of the energy from
the sun is in the PRODUCER
Less of the energy from the sun is in
the PRIMARY
CONSUMER
Even less of the energy from the sun is in the SECONDARY CONSUMER
Some energy is lost from each link in the food chain by Respiration, Heat,
Waste Growth and Movement
ENERGY
A
PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
1,000 Plants
100 Butterflies
2 Swifts
Represents the numbers of each link in a Food Chain
A PYRAMID OF NUMBERS CAN BE DRAWN LIKE THIS
It represents the numbers of each link in a Food Chain
1,000 Plants
100 Butterflies
2 Swifts
BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•How Energy is lost from a Food Chain
•Examples of Food Webs and how to draw one
•Where the energy comes from to supply a food web
•What is meant by a Pyramid of Numbers
QUESTION TIME1 What sort of living thing is a producer?
3 From where do Producers get their energy?
4 Animals which eat Producers are known as Primary what?
5 Which animal is a Predator?
2 Why are they called Producers?
6 Which animal is a Secondary Consumer and what does it eat?
7 Where does all of the energy come from to start the food chain?
8 Make up your own Food Chain and label it.
ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING
To find out the type and numbers of plants to be found in a particular habitat there are different methods of sampling.
•Quadrats of different sizes
•Quadrat Grids
•Line Transects
•Profile Transects
ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
How does the Polar Bear survive the Arctic conditions?
The Arctic weather is severe - cold winds, snowstorms and little sunshine. The land is either soft snow, hard ice or
frozen sea. The only Predator on the bear is Man. It hunts seals, fish and penguins.
The Antarctic is very cold, has snowstorms, surrounded by sea, very windy, little sun, long nights in winter and has Predators like the Polar Bear and Killer Whales. It feeds on fish. Often seen in large huddled groups.
How is the penguin adapted to survive this environment?
ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Cacti have no large leaves but spikes instead. The stem is green and very thick and fleshy. It has a thick waxy layer around it.The roots ate very long.
How is the Cactus adapted to survive this environment?
Time in Years
Number of
AnimalsRabbits
Eagles
PREDATOR / PREY RELATIONSHIP
As the number of Prey rises this increases the food supply for the Predators whose numbers then rise.
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