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raising standards worldwide™
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
BSI British Standards
WB9423_BSI_StandardColCov_noK_AW:BSI FRONT COVERS 5/9/08 12:55 Page 1
Performance of windows anddoors –
Part 1: Classification for weathertightness andguidance on selection and specification
BS 6375-1:2009
raising standards worldwide™
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
BSI British Standards
Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued
© BSI 2008
ISBN 978 0 580 56202 0
ICS 91.060.50
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/538/1+2Draft for comment 08/30143162 DC
Publication historyFirst published April 1989Second edition, April 2004Third (present) edition, December 2008
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
BRITISH STANDARDBS 6375-1:2009
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Contents
Foreword iii
1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Exposure category and classification 25 Sequence of test 26 Test for air permeability 37 Test for watertightness 48 Test for resistance to wind 6
AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Calculating wind load and selecting exposurecategory 7Annex B (informative) Flow chart of sequence of test 13Annex C (informative) Derivation of the wind load in Table A.2 14
Bibliography 16
List of figuresFigure 1 – Air permeability classifications 5Figure A.1 – Basic wind speed map Vb (from BS 6399-2) 8Figure A.2 – Topographic zones 12Figure B.1 – Flow chart of sequence of test 13
List of tablesTable 1 – Exposure categories and classifications 3Table A.1 – Site terrain categories 9Table A.2 – Wind load at sea level 10Table A.3 – Table for factor FA for specific altitudes 11Table A.4 – Topographical factor 11Table C.1 – Terrain and building factor Sb 14
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages ito iv, pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
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Foreword
Publishing information
This part of BS 6375 is published by BSI and came into effect on1 January 2009. It was prepared by Subcommittee B/538/1, Windows,and Subcommittee B/538/2, Doors, under the authority of TechnicalCommittee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtainwalling. A list of organizations represented on these committees canbe obtained on request to their secretary.
Supersession
This part of BS 6375 supersedes BS 6375-1:2004, which is withdrawn.
Relationship with other publications
BS 6375 is published in three parts:
* Part 1: Classification for weathertightness and guidance onselection and specification;
* Part 2: Specification for operation and strength characteristics;
* Part 3: Additional performance characteristics.
It is related to the European product standard for windows andpedestrian doors, BS EN 143511) (see also Information about thisdocument).
Information about this document
This is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the followingprincipal changes:
* revision of the foreword to align with Parts 2 and 3;
* clarification of the air permeability tests and requirements;
* tests previously required by PAS 23-1 for entrance doorsets havebeen included. It is expected that PAS 23-1 will be withdrawn.
BS 6375 has been prepared to provide advice on the selection ofperformance characteristics for windows and doorsets intended forthe UK market. The full range of characteristics is also provided in thevarious parts of BS EN 14351.
BS EN 14351 is the harmonized European Standard for windows anddoors and is the standard that has to be referenced if the product is tobe CE marked. Not all the characteristics listed in BS EN 14351 arerequired for CE marking, and of those that are required, only thosemandated (i.e. covered by national building regulations) in the UKneed be declared.
The majority of characteristics identified in BS EN 14351 have anumber of performance levels. BS 6375 provides guidance to thespecifier and the manufacturer on an appropriate level for the UKmarket. This can be by a single value for a product characteristic or bya value for a particular service condition. For example, a doorset in apublic building might need to meet a more severe level ofperformance for some characteristics than a doorset in a dwelling.
1) Only the first part of BS EN 14351 has been published to date.Part 2 (Internal doors) and Part 3 (Resistance to fire and smoke) are still inpreparation.
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Specifiers are not obliged to use a particular performance level butneed to be aware that unnecessarily selecting a more severeperformance level can incur a cost penalty out of proportion to theperformance advantage.
BS EN 14351 and BS 6375 cover a range of products and characteristicsand are therefore divided into parts. BS EN 14351 is divided intoproduct groups and BS 6375 is divided into performancecharacteristics. Not all characteristics will be applicable to all productgroups or to all end uses. In addition, BS 6375 may be used for productgroups not covered by BS EN 14351.
BS 6375 does not identify a recommended performance level for anycharacteristic that is recommended in national regulations (e.g.U values for windows); these levels are subject to statute.
If a manufacturer wishes to declare a CE marked performance this hasto be declared against the appropriate part of BS EN 14351.Manufacturers wishing to CE mark products are advised to seek advicefrom the relevant national regulatory authority.
Presentational conventions
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright)type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principalauxiliary verb is ‘‘shall’’.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material ispresented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normativeelement.
Contractual and legal considerations
This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.
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1 ScopeBS 6375 is the national application document for BS EN 14351. Thispart of BS 6375 specifies the exposure categories related to testpressure levels for air permeability, watertightness and wind resistancefor external windows and doorsets. It is applicable to all types ofvertical windows and doorsets, and includes windows in which theopening lights are not fully framed, e.g. adjustable glass louvres. It isapplicable to both factory-glazed and site-glazed products.
NOTE Recommendations for thedesign and installation of patentglazing are given in BS 5516.
The standard excludes patent glazing (see Note) and curtain walls thatspan across horizontal structural members of floors, but includes theopening lights within a vertical patent glazing or curtain wallingsystem.
2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for theapplication of this document. For dated references, only the editioncited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS 6399-2:1997, Loading for buildings – Part 2: Code of practice forwind loads
BS EN 1026, Windows and doors – Air permeability – Test method
BS EN 1027:2000, Windows and doors – Watertightness – Test method
BS EN 12207:2000, Windows and doors – Air permeability –Classification
BS EN 12208, Windows and doors – Watertightness – Classification
BS EN 12210, Windows and doors – Resistance to wind load –Classification
BS EN 12211, Windows and doors – Resistance to wind load – Testmethod
BS EN 14351 (all parts), Windows and doors – Product standard,performance characteristics2)
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 6375, the following terms anddefinitions apply.
3.1 design height (H)NOTE In the case of a dormerwindow, this is the building ridgeheight.
maximum height of a wall in which a window or doorset occurs
3.2 doorsetNOTE This is also known as a doorassembly.
complete unit, as installed, comprising door leaf, door frame, anyassociated side panels and/or top lights, and any operating hardware,locks and accessories
2) Only the first part of BS EN 14351 has been published to date.Part 2 (Internal doors) and Part 3 (Resistance to fire and smoke) are still inpreparation.
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3.3 ventilation deviceNOTE The ‘‘permanent’’ typeprovides continuous ventilation.The ‘‘controlled’’ type is adjusted toprovide a range of ventilation.
ventilator other than an opening light incorporated in a window ordoorset
3.4 water penetrationNOTE Retention of water withinthe window or doorset system isnot defined as leakage.
continuous or repeated wetting of the internal surface of the testspecimen or parts which are not designed to be wetted when waterdrains back to external face[BS EN 1027]
3.5 weathertightnessperformance in respect of air permeability, watertightness and windresistance
3.6 wind loadpeak gust wind pressure that can be expected on a surface of abuilding window or doorset
4 Exposure category and classificationNOTE The classifications given inTable 1 are those suitable for theUK selected from BS EN 12207,BS EN 12208 and BS EN 12210.
The exposure category of a window or doorset shall be classified inaccordance with Table 1. For a window or doorset to be included in anexposure category, the test pressure for each relevant characteristicshall be attained or exceeded.
Doorsets that are tested and classified with a wind load greaterthan 1 200 shall be classified in accordance with BS EN 12207,BS EN 12208 and BS EN 12210.
5 Sequence of testNOTE A flow chart indicating thesequence of test is given in Annex B.
The tests shall be performed on a single sample in the followingsequence:
a) air permeability (see Clause 6);
b) watertightness (see Clause 7);
c) resistance to wind – deflection measurement at pressureP1 (see Clause 8);
d) resistance to wind – pulsating test to P2 pressure (see Clause 8);
e) resistance to wind – safety test to pressure P3 (see Clause 8).
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6 Test for air permeability
NOTE To establish airleakage through the windowor doorset and controllablevent (in the closed position),the air permeability test can berepeated with the vent closedbut not taped. This informationshould be included in the testreport.
6.1 For classification purposes, permanent and controlled ventilationdevices (including letterplates), if any, shall be taped over except whenit is required to determine the amount of air flow through suchdevices.
6.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 1026 andthe test shall be conducted with both positive and negative pressures.The test result, defined as the numerical average of the positive andnegative air permeability values (m3/h) at each pressure step, shall beexpressed and classified in accordance with BS EN 12207. Classificationlevels applicable in the UK shall be in accordance with Table 1.
6.3 The air flow passing through the specimen, at each pressuredifference applied in accordance with BS EN 1026, shall be expressedas an average leakage rate per metre length of opening joint visibleon the inner face of the specimen and average leakage per metresquare of window area.
Table 1 Exposure categories and classifications
UK exposurecategories A), B)
Air permeability(see Clause 6)
Watertightness(see Clause 7)
Resistance to wind load (see Clause 8)
Class C) Maximumtest pressure
Class Maximumtest pressure
Class D) P1 P2 E) P3
Doorsets
800 U Class 0 No test Class 0 No test Class A2 800 Pa 400 Pa 1 200 Pa
800 X Class 1 150 Pa Class 2A 50 Pa Class A2 800 Pa 400 Pa 1 200 Pa
800 Class 2 300 Pa Class 3A 100 Pa Class A2 800 Pa 400 Pa 1 200 Pa
1 200 Class 2 300 Pa Class 3A 100 Pa Class A3 1 200 Pa 600 Pa 1 800 Pa
Windows
800 Class 2 300 Pa Class 3A 100 Pa Class A2 800 Pa 400 Pa 1 200 Pa
1 200 Class 2 300 Pa Class 3A 100 Pa Class A3 1 200 Pa 600 Pa 1 800 Pa
1 600 Class 2 300 Pa Class 5A 200 Pa Class A4 1 600 Pa 800 Pa 2 400 Pa
2 000 Class 2 300 Pa Class 5A 200 Pa Class A5 2 000 Pa 1 000 Pa 3 000 Pa
2 000 + Class 2 300 Pa Class 7A 300 Pa Class AE (xxxx) (xxxx) �0.5
(xxxx) �1.5
For the purpose of selecting the appropriate exposure category the following procedure shall be used.a) Calculate the wind load for the given location (see Annex A).b) Select the exposure category (see Table 1) equal to or exceeding the determined wind load.
NOTE Specimens tested with wind load above Class 5 are classified Class E xxxx – where xxxx is the actual test pressureP1 (e.g. when P1 = 2 350 Pa this is classified as Class E 2 350, etc.).
A) UK exposure category is specified by the design wind load, calculated in accordance with Annex A.B) Products designed to meet the accessibility requirements of UK building regulations are unlikely to exceed
category 800 X.C) Air permeability test pressures above Class 2 (up to 600 Pa) are available when stringent levels of performance are
required, for example when exceptionally airtight windows or doorsets are necessary, as in air-conditionedbuildings.
D) Combination of test pressure and frame deflection (see BS EN 12210).E) This pressure having been repeated 50 times.
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6.4 A graph of air permeability rate against test pressure differenceshall be constructed, including positive, negative and average results.The average values shall not exceed those in the appropriate graph inFigure 1. Fixed lights alone shall be classified by air permeability basedon overall area.
6.5 If the second test for air permeability (following the test forresistance to wind in Clause 8) results in air permeability that wouldplace the window or doorset in a lower classification, that lowerclassification shall be used to define the final classification of thewindow or doorset. A second graph shall then be constructed inaccordance with 6.4, and the average values shall not exceed those inthe appropriate graph in Figure 1.
7 Test for watertightness
NOTE To establish whetherthe ventilation device iswatertight, the test can berepeated with the vent closedbut not taped. This informationshould be included in the testreport.
7.1 For classification purposes, permanent and controlled ventilationdevices (including letterplates) shall be taped over.
7.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 1027:2000,test procedure A and classified in accordance with BS EN 12208.Classification levels applicable in the UK shall be in accordance withTable 1.
7.3 There shall be no water penetration during the test, up to and at,the required test pressure class given in Table 1.
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Figure 1 Air permeability classifications
100 25
20
15
10
12.5
0.75
0.25
0.5
5.0
2.5
2.0
6.75
2.25
8070
60
50
40
3027
20
10 9 8 7
6
5
4
3
2
1 10
3 2
50
Pressure in Pa
m /
h/m
of
ove
rall
area
3 m /
h/m
of o
peni
ng li
ght
100 150 300 600
2
3
4
1
C
A B
Key
1 Class 1
2 Class 2
3 Class 3
4 Class 4
Maximum test levels are: Class 1 = 150 Pa; Class 2 = 300 Pa; Classes 3 and 4 = 600 Pa.
NOTE 1 The classification graph has been generated from the equation and details in BS EN 12207:2000,Clause 4.NOTE 2 Broken lines on graph denoted A, B and C illustrate approximate requirements of BS 6375-1:2009.
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8 Test for resistance to wind
8.1 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 12211 andclassified in accordance with BS EN 12210. Classification levelsapplicable in the UK shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wind loadingshall be calculated in accordance with Annex A.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of the tests, three sets of test pressure aredefined:
* P1 applied to measure the deflection of parts of the testspecimen;
* P2 pulsating pressure applied for 50 cycles to assess performanceunder repeated wind loads;
* P3 applied to assess the safety of the specimen under extremeconditions.
The values of P1, P2 and P3 are related as follows: P2 = 0.5 P1, andP3 = 1.5 P1.
NOTE 2 BS EN 1026, which is cited within BS EN 12211, gives the negativepressure test as an option. However, BS 6375 follows the convention ofBS EN 14351-1, which requires both positive and negative pressure testingto be undertaken and the results averaged.
NOTE 3 The resistance to wind load test, BS EN 12211, specifies a repeatair permeability test. This repeat air test is conducted with both positiveand negative pressures. The assessment of the increase in air permeabilityis based on the numerical average of the positive and negative airpermeability values (m3/h) at each pressure step.
8.2 The deflection of any deforming framing member shall be limitedto 1/150 of its length (Class A for relative frontal deflection) whensubjected to the wind load of P1.
8.3 If glass breakage occurs without damage to the frame members,the unit shall if necessary be reglazed once and re-tested.
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Annex A (normative) Calculating wind load and selectingexposure category
A.1 General
Either the method specified in A.2 or the method specified inBS 6399-2 shall be used for determining the design wind loading fornon low-rise buildings.
NOTE 1 For the purpose of classification to this British Standard, thereare two acceptable methods of determining the design wind loading forlow-rise buildings. The method specified in A.2 is abbreviated; the onespecified in BS 6399-2 is more detailed and less conservative.
NOTE 2 The designer or specifier should take into account any otherforms of loading to which the window or doorset might be subjected.
The exposure category shall be selected in accordance with A.3.
A.2 Abbreviated method of determination of wind loadfor low-rise buildings
A.2.1 Procedure
To find the wind load the procedure below shall be followed.
a) Using the site location, select the basic wind speed Vb fromFigure A.1.
b) Select the site terrain category (A, B, C, D, E or F) in accordancewith A.2.2.
c) Determine the design height (H) [see Note a) and b)] for the wallor walls in which the windows or doorsets are to be installed orthe ridge height for dormer windows, and select the designheight band to be used.
d) Using the basic wind speed Vb, the site terrain category and thedesign height (H), select the wind load at sea level in accordancewith A.2.3.
e) Determine the altitude factor (FA) in accordance with A.2.4.
f) Determine the appropriate topographical factor (FT) inaccordance with A.2.5.
g) Determine the dormer factor (FD) (see A.2.6).
h) Determine the funnelling factor (FF) (see A.2.7).
i) The wind load is given by equation A.1:
Table A.3 value � FA � FT � FD � FF (A.1)
where:
FA is the altitude factor;
FT is the topographical factor;
FD is the dormer factor;
FF is the funnelling factor.
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Figure A.1 Basic wind speed map Vb (from BS 6399-2)
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
40 80 120 160Kilometres
Statute miles
Channel islands 24 m/s
Belfast
Londonderry
Inverness
Aberdeen
Dundee
PerthOban
Glasgow Edinburgh
Newcastle
Carlisle
YorkLeedsPreston
Stoke
Manchester
Sheffield
Nottingham
Leicester
BirminghamNorwich
IpswichBedford
BristolCardiff
Swansea
LONDON
Oxford
BrightonBournemouth
Plymouth
NorthamptonAberystwyth
Liverpool
Kingstonupon-Hull
National grid
0 0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
99
10
7
8
10
11
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
0 1 2 3
01
23
4
5 6 7
Irish grid
31
30
2928
27
26
26
25
25
25
24
24
24
24
25
23
23
23
23
22
21
20
25
24
23
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NOTE Although the wind load determined according to A.2.1 might notbe identical to a loading derived from BS 6399-2, it is sufficiently accurateto be used for most low-rise buildings. The limitations in this abbreviatedmethod are:
a) the overall design height (H) is limited to a maximum of 15 m;
b) the method assumes a combined pressure coefficient (CP) of 1.15,which takes into account the worst case that normally occurs.Higher coefficients might be experienced at points adjacent to thecorners of the building.
An alternative is to use an appropriate figure provided by the buildingdesigner. If a design wind loading figure is not available from thedesigner, an appropriate figure can be determined by the methoddescribed in BS 6399-2. If the complexities are beyond the scope ofthat standard, further advice should be sought.
A.2.2 Site terrain categories
NOTE See Table C.1 forderivation of Sb factors for eachdesign height.
Site terrain categories shall be selected from Table A.1.
Table A.1 Site terrain categories
Description Category
Open country up to 10 km from open sea A
Open country more than 10 km and up to 50 km fromopen sea
B
Open country more than 50 km from open sea C
Town areas up to 10 km from open sea D
Town areas more than 10 km and up to 50 km fromopen sea
E
Town areas more than 50 km from open sea F
A.2.3 Wind load at sea level (0 m altitude)
NOTE Annex C explains how thewind loads in Table A.2 werederived.
Wind load at sea level shall be determined using Table A.2.
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Table A.2 Wind load at sea level
Site wind speed (Vs)at sea level
Design height (H) Wind load at sea level for site terrain category (see Table A.1)
A B C D E Fm/s m Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa
20 43 1 669 1 569 1 537 1 469 1 441 1 413>3 and 46 1 796 1 722 1 677 1 677 1 634 1 601>6 and 410 1 893 1 844 1 786 1 844 1 805 1 758>10 and 415 1 965 1 934 1 873 1 965 1 934 1 883
21 43 1 737 1 627 1 592 1 517 1 486 1 455>3 and 46 1 877 1 796 1 747 1 747 1 699 1 663>6 and 410 1 985 1 930 1 867 1 930 1 888 1 836>10 and 415 1 064 1 030 1 963 1 064 1 030 1 974
22 43 1 809 1 688 1 650 1 568 1 533 1 500>3 and 46 1 963 1 873 1 820 1 820 1 768 1 727>6 and 410 1 081 1 021 1 952 1 021 1 974 1 918>10 and 415 1 168 1 130 1 057 1 168 1 130 1 069
23 43 1 884 1 752 1 710 1 621 1 583 1 546>3 and 46 1 053 1 955 1 896 1 896 1 839 1 795>6 and 410 1 182 1 116 1 040 1 116 1 065 1 003>10 and 415 1 276 1 235 1 155 1 276 1 235 1 168
24 43 1 963 1 819 1 773 1 676 1 634 1 594>3 and 46 1 146 1 039 1 976 1 976 1 914 1 866>6 and 410 1 287 1 215 1 132 1 215 1 160 1 092>10 and 415 1 390 1 345 1 258 1 390 1 345 1 272
25 43 1 045 1 888 1 839 1 733 1 688 1 645>3 and 46 1 244 1 128 1 059 1 059 1 991 1 939>6 and 410 1 396 1 319 1 229 1 319 1 258 1 185>10 and 415 1 508 1 459 1 365 1 508 1 459 1 380
26 43 1 130 1 961 1 908 1 793 1 745 1 698>3 and 46 1 345 1 220 1 145 1 145 1 072 1 016>6 and 410 1 510 1 426 1 329 1 426 1 361 1 282>10 and 415 1 631 1 579 1 476 1 631 1 579 1 493
27 43 1 219 1 036 1 979 1 855 1 803 1 752>3 and 46 1 450 1 316 1 235 1 235 1 156 1 095>6 and 410 1 628 1 538 1 433 1 538 1 468 1 382>10 and 415 1 759 1 702 1 592 1 759 1 702 1 610
28 43 1 311 1 114 1 053 1 920 1 864 1 809>3 and 46 1 560 1 415 1 328 1 328 1 244 1 178>6 and 410 1 751 1 654 1 541 1 654 1 579 1 486>10 and 415 1 892 1 831 1 712 1 892 1 831 1 731
29 43 1 406 1 195 1 129 1 987 1 926 1 868>3 and 46 1 673 1 518 1 424 1 424 1 334 1 264>6 and 410 1 878 1 774 1 653 1 774 1 693 1 595>10 and 415 2 029 1 964 1 836 2 029 1 964 1 857
30 43 1 505 1 279 1 208 1 056 1 991 1 929>3 and 46 1 791 1 624 1 524 1 524 1 428 1 352>6 and 410 2 010 1 899 1 769 1 899 1 812 1 706>10 and 415 2 171 2 102 1 965 2 171 2 102 1 988
31 43 1 607 1 366 1 290 1 127 1 059 1 992>3 and 46 1 912 1 734 1 628 1 628 1 524 1 444>6 and 410 2 146 2 028 1 889 2 028 1 935 1 822>10 and 415 2 319 2 244 2 098 2 319 2 244 2 122
NOTE 1 The values are rounded.
NOTE 2 Pa = N/m2.
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A.2.4 Altitude factor
Altitude factor (FA) shall be selected from Table A.3 or determinedfrom equation A.2.
Table A.3 Table for factor FA for specific altitudes
Altitudem
Factor FA Altitudem
Factor FA
0 1.00 225 1.56
25 1.05 250 1.56
50 1.10 275 1.63
75 1.16 300 1.69
100 1.21 325 1.76
125 1.27 350 1.82
150 1.32 375 1.89
175 1.38 400 1.96
200 1.44 425 2.03
(A.2)
where:
HA is the altitude of the site, in metres (m).
A.2.5 Topographical factors
Topographical factors shall be used where hills, ridges, cliffs andescarpments might have an adverse effect on the wind load of abuilding. The appropriate topographical factor shall be obtainedusing Table A.4.
Table A.4 Topographical factor
Topographical category and description Factor FT according to zone from Figure A.2
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Elsewhere
Category 1: Nominally flat terrain ground slope <1/20 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Category 2: Moderately steep terrain ground slope 41/5 1.54 1.28 1.21 1.0
Category 3: Steep terrain ground slope >1/5 1.85 1.44 1.32 1.0
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Figure A.2 Topographic zones
Zone 2 Zone 2Zone 1
0.4Lu 0.4Lu 0.4Ld 0.4Ld
Lu Ld
Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 3Zone 1
0.25Lu 0.4Lu0.25Lu 0.4Lu 1.2Lu
Lu
Key
Ld Length of downwind slope of topographic feature
Lu Length of upwind slope of topographic feature
A.2.6 Dormer factor
To allow for the fact that any form of vertical roof glazing, such asdormer windows, might be subject to higher loads than those on avertical face, the wind load shall be multiplied by a dormer factorof 1.6 for windows in these locations. For all other situations a dormerfactor of 1.0 shall be used.
A.2.7 Funnelling factor
In site terrain categories A, B, C and D where walls of two building faceeach other, and the gap between them is less than their cross-windwidth, the design wind load for doorsets and windows in the facingwalls shall be multiplied by a funnelling factor of 1.3.
For other site terrain categories and buildings not subject to thefunnelling effect, a funnelling factor of 1.0 shall be used.
A.3 Selection of the exposure category
Using the wind load determined in equation A.1, select the nexthighest P1 value in Table 1. Where more than one exposure categoryis available at a given P1 value, the water tightness and airpermeability shall be taken as the worst case scenario.
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Annex B (informative) Flow chart of sequence of testThe sequence of tests specified in Clause 5 is illustrated in Figure B.1.
Figure B.1 Flow chart of sequence of test
BS 6375-1:2009
Air permeability
BS EN 1026
Air permeabilityPositive air pressure
Air permeabilityNegative air pressure
Correct for temp andatmos pressure
Average +ve and -veresults at each pressure
step
BS EN 12207
Classify using Fig 1
Watertightness
BS EN 1027
Watertightness test
BS EN 12208
Classify using Table 1
Resistance to wind
BS EN 12211
Positive wind pressuretest to P1
Negative wind pressuretest to P1
Repeated pressure test+P2 to -P2
Air permeabilityPositive air pressure
Air permeabilityNegative air pressure
Correct for temp andatmos pressure
Average +ve and -veresults at each pressure
stepCompare with original
test (Clause 6)
Wind loading safetypressure test
BS EN 12210
Classify using Table 1
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Annex C (informative) Derivation of the wind load in Table A.2The values of wind load have been derived from BS 6399-2 using thefollowing parameters.
The basic wind speed, Vb, has been derived from site location usingFigure A.1.
The site wind speed, Vs, has been calculated using equation C.1:
Vs = Vb 6 Sa 6 Sd 6 Ss 6 Sp (C.1)
where:
Vb is the basic wind speed, in metres per second (m/s);
Sa is the altitude factor;
Sd is the direction factor;
Ss is the seasonal factor;
Sp is the probability factor.
In this abbreviated method, factors Sa, Sd, Ss and Sp all have a valueof 1.0.
Therefore in the abbreviated method, Vs = Vb.
NOTE 1 Design heights, H, up to 3 m, up to 6 m, up to 10 m and upto 15 m high have been considered in Table A.3.
NOTE 2 For simplicity the effective height, He, has been taken as thedesign height (H).
The effective wind speed, Ve, has been calculated using equation C.2:
Ve = Vs 6 Sb (C.2)
where:
Vs is the site wind speed, in metres per second (m/s);
Sb is the terrain and building factor.
From BS 6399-2:1997, Table 4, for components of dimension 5 m orless, the terrain and building factors, Sb, given in Table C.1 have beencalculated.
Table C.1 Terrain and building factor Sb
Design height (H)m
Factor Sb according to site terrain category (see Table A.1)
A B C D E F
43 1.54 1.42 1.38 1.29 1.25 1.21
>3 and 46 1.68 1.6 1.55 1.55 1.5 1.46
>6 and 410 1.78 1.73 1.67 1.73 1.69 1.64
>10 and 415 1.85 1.82 1.76 1.85 1.82 1.77
The reference pressure, qs, has been calculated using equation C.3:
(C.3)
where:
Ve is the effective wind speed, in metres per second (m/s).
The combined pressure coefficient, CP, is 1.15.
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Thus the wind load, P, has been calculated using equation C.4:
(C.4)
where:
qs is the reference pressure, in pascals (Pa);
CP is the combined pressure coefficient.
If building heights or combined pressure coefficients are differentfrom those assumed, an actual wind load, P, can be calculated andused in step A.2.1d).
BS 6375-1:2009BRITISH STANDARD
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Bibliography
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (includingany amendments) applies.
BS 5516 (both parts), Patent glazing and sloping glazing for buildings
BS 6375-2, Performance of windows and doors – Part 2: Classificationfor operation and strength characteristics and guidance on selectionand specification
BS 6375-3, Performance of windows and doors – Part 3: Classificationfor additional performance characteristics and guidance on selectionand specification
PAS 23-1, General performance requirements for door assemblies –Part 1: Single leaf, external door assemblies to dwellings
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