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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
The differences among living things arise from the ways in which cells are specialized to perform certain tasks and the ways in which cells associate with one another to form multicellular organisms.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell.
Unicellular organisms dominate life on Earth.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
Organisms that are made up of many cells are called multicellular.
There is a great variety among multicellular organisms.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
What is cell specialization?
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
This process is called cell specialization.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Specialized Animal Cells
Animal cells are specialized in many ways.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Red blood cells transport oxygen.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Cells in the pancreas produce proteins.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Muscle cells allow movement.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Specialized Plant Cells
Plants exchange carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, and other gases through tiny openings called stomata on the undersides of leaves.
Highly specialized cells, known as guard cells, regulate this exchange.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Multicellular Organisms
Stomata enclosed by guard cells.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
What are the four levels of organization in multicellular organisms?
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are: • individual cells • tissues • organs • organ systems
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization
Smooth muscle tissue Muscle cell Stomach Digestive system
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
In multicellular organisms, cells are the first level of organization.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Tissues
Similar cells are grouped into units called tissues.
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Most animals have four main types of tissue:
• muscle
• epithelial
• nervous
• connective
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Organs
Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
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7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
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Levels of Organization
Organ Systems
In most cases, an organ completes a series of specialized tasks.
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function is called an organ system.
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Levels of Organization
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