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Lecia 1
Reguli de pronunie
ph = fth s cu limba ntre dini, (s de peltic)
z cu limba ntre dini, (z de peltic)sh = ch = ce
j = gew = ukn la inceput de cuvant = nu se pronunta kwr la inceput de cuvant = nu se pronunta w
Formule de salut
good morning bun dimineaagood afternoon bun ziua
good evening bun searagood night noapte bungood bye la revedere
bye bye - la revederebye - la revederehello bunhi salut
Formule standard de mulumire sau folosite n momentul cnd faci cunotin sau te ntlneti
Thank you mulumescYou`re welcome cu plcere
How do you do? ce mai faci? ncntat s te cunosc (doar cnd faci cunotin cu cineva)Nice to met you ncntat de cunotin; ce drgu s te ntlnescHow are you? ce mai faci?
Pronume personale
I eu aa se scrie oriunde n propoziieyou tuhe elshe eait el sau ea pentru animale, obiecte, fenomene
we noiyou voithey ei sau ele
Pronume posesive Adjective posesive(se afl ntotdeauna lng unsubstantiv)
mine - al meu, a mea, ale mele, ai meiyours al tu, a ta, ai ti, ale talehis - al lui, a lui, ai lui, ale luihers al ei, a ei, ai ei, ale ei
its - al ei(lui),a ei(lui), ai ei(lui), ale ei(lui)ours al nostru, a noastr, ai notri, ale noastreyours - al vostru, a voastr, ai votri, ale voastretheirs al lor, a lor, ai lor, ale lor
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Cazul dativ Cazul acuzativme mie pe mine, la mineyou ie pe tine, la tinehim lui pe el, la elher ei pe ea, la eait ei, lui pe el, ea; la el, eaus nou pe noi, la noiyou vou pe voi, la voithem lor pe ei, ele; la voi, ele
my dog cinele meuyour car maina tahis book - cartea luiher father tatl ei
its tail - coada lui (despre un animal)our friends - prietenii notriyour house casa voastrtheir computer computerul lor
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Verbe auxiliare
prezent
Afirmativ Negativ
Forma scurtI am I`m = eu suntyou are you`re = tu etihe is he`s = el esteshe is she`s = ea esteit is it`s = el(ea) estewe are we`re = noi suntemyou are you`re = voi sunteithey are they`re = ei(ele) sunt
Interogativ - subiectul trece dup predicat
Am I? = eu sunt?Are you? = tu eti?Is he? = el este?Is she? = ea este?Is it? = el(ea) este?Are we? = noi suntem?Are you? = voi suntei?Are they?= ei(ele) sunt?
1. To do - a faceAfirmativ Negativ Interogativ
2. To have - a aveaAfirmati v Negativ Interogativ
2
Forma scurtI am not I`m not = eu nu suntyou are not you aren`t = tu nu etihe is not he isn`t = el nu esteshe is not she isn`t = ea nu esteit is not it isn`t = el(ea) nu estewe are not we aren`t = noi nu suntemyou are not you aren t = voi nu sunteithey are not they aren`t = ei(ele) nu sunt
I do = eu facYou do = tu faciHe does = el faceShe does = ea faceIt does = el(ea) faceWe do = noi facem
You do = voi faceiThey do = ei(ele) fac
I do not , I don`tYou do not,you doesn`tHe does not, he doesn`tShe does not, she doesn`tIt does not, it doesn`tWe do not, we don`t
You do not ,you don`tThey do not, they don`t
Do I?Do You?Does He?Does She?Does It?Do We?
Do You?Do They?
I have = eu amYou have = tu aiHe has = el are
She has = ea areIt has = el(ea) areWe have = noi avemYou have = voi aveiThey have = ei(ele) au
I have not, I haven`tYou have not, you heven`tHe has not, he hasn`t
She has not, she hasn`tIt has not, it hasn`tWe have not, we haven`tYou have not, you haven`tThey have not, they haven`t
Have I?Have You?Has He??
Has She?Has It?Have We?Have You?Have They?
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Cuvinte interrogativeWhat? = ce?Which? = care?Who? = cine?When? = cnd?
Where? = unde?Why? = de ce?How? = cum?
Country Nationality
The alphabet = alfabetul
A - eiB - biC ciD diE iF efG giH - eiciI - aiJ jeiK - keiL elM - em
N enO uP piQ qR erS esT tiU iu
V viW dabl iuX exY uai
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Prescurt ri uzualeMr(sir) = domnulMrs(madam) = doamnMis = domnioarSir = titlu nobiliar
Lady = titlu nobiliar
BritainIrelandPolandSpainTurkeyJapanPortugalBrazilEgyptItalyGermanythe United StatesFranceGreeceRomania
BritishIrishPolishSpanishTurkishJapanese
PortugueseBrazilianEgyptianItalianGermanAmericanFrenchGreekRomanian
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Z zed
Lecia 2
Lunile anului Zilele sptmniiJanuary MondayFebruary TuesdayMarch Wednesday
April ThursdayMay FridayJune SaturdayJuly SundayAugustSeptemberOctober
NovemberDecember
Lunile anului i zilele sptmnii se scriu cu majuscul.
Anotimpurile spring - primvarasummer - varaautumn - toamnawinter - iarna
Numerale cardinale
1. one 30 thirty2. two 31 thirty-one3. three 40 forty4. four 45 forty-five5. five 50 fifty6. six 60 sixty7. seven 70 seventy8. eight 80 eighty9. nine 90 ninety10. ten 99 ninety-nine11. eleven 100 one hundred12. twelve 1000 one thousand13. thirteen14. fourteen
15. fifteen16. sixteen17. seventeen18. eighteen19. nineteen20. twenty
Anii cifrele se citesc grupate cte dou 1863 eighteen sixty three
Articolul nehotrt a, an = o, unA se folosete n faa cuvintelor care ncep cu o consoan.
An se folosete n faa cuvintelor care ncep cu vocal.
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Substantivul
Pluralul se formeaz adugnd terminaia s la forma de singularEx. cat - catscomputer - computers
mother - mothers Excepii1. Dac substantivul se termin la singular n s, sh, ch, x, z, pentru a forma pluralul adugmterminaia es pronunat iz.Boss bosses = efBus -buses = autobuzClass classes = clasBrush brushes = perieBuzz - buzzes = bipLash -lashes = geanWatch watches = ceas de mn
Church churches = bisericFox foxes = vulpeBox boxes = cutie
2. Dac substantivul se termin la singular n y precedat de o consoan la plural y setransform n i i adugm es .
baby babiescountry countriesDac y este precedat de o vocal pentru plural adugm s.Boy - boysDay days
3. Dac substantivul se termin la singular n o precedat de o consoan, la plural adugm es.Tomato tomatoes = roiiPotato potatoes = cartofiHero heroes = eroiVolcano volcanoes = vulcaniDac o precedat de o vocal, la plural punem s .
Radio radios = radio
4. Dac substantivul se termin la singular n fsau fe, la plural acestea se transform n v i
adugm terminaia es. ves- pronunat vswolfe wolves =luphalf - halves = jumtatecalf calves = vielwife wives = soielife lives = viaknife knives = cuit ***atenie kn la nceput nu se citete k
Excepie la excepie cuvintele terminate n doi f la plural adugm s.cliff cliffs = stnccuff cuffs =manet
chief chiefs = efproof proofs = dovadroof roofs = acoperidwarf dwarfs = pitic
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handkerchief handkerchiefs = batistbelief beliefs = credintagrief griefs = supararegulf gulfs = golf
Substantive neregulate
Singular PluralMan men = om, brbatWoman women = femeieChild children = copilMouse mice = oareceLouse lice = pducheTooth teeth = dinteGoose geese = gscSheep sheep = oaieDeer deer = cprioarfish fish = pete din aceeai specie
fishes = pete mai multe speciipike pike = tiuctrout trout = pstrvsalmon salmon = somoncarp carp = crapcod cod = cod(pete)analysis analises = analizcrisis crises = criz
Exerciiu: Alctuii substantive compuse
1 arm = bra a Sitter = ngrijitor
2 bottle = sticl b Pages = pagini
3 fast = repede c Heating = nclzire
4 yelow = galben d Chair = scaun
5 lawn = gazon e Directory = director
6 telephone = telefon f Mower = care taie iarba
7 chewing = de mestecat g Conditioner = condiionat
8 central = central h Bag = pungu
9 air = aer i Opener = care deschide
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tea = ceai j Food = mncare
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alarm = alarm k Gum = gum
1 post = pot l Clock = ceas6
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Bread pineLuggage bagajeInformation informaiiKnowledge cunotineAdvice sfatFurniture mobil
News vesti, stiri
Soap sapunChocolate - ciocolataSubstantive care au form doar la plural i nu pot fi puse la singular ( se folosesc cu verbul laplural)- obiecte formate din dou pri
glasses ochelaritrousers pantaloniscissors foarfeceoveralls salopet
Substantive care au falsa form de plural (se folosesc cu verbul la singular)- nume de discipline colare
gymnastics gimnasticphysiesmathematics
- bolimeasles pojarmumps - oreion
Expresii ajuttoare pentru a exprima cantitateaLichide
A bottle of o sticlA glass of un paharA bucket of o gleatSolideA bar of - un baton deA paket of un pachetA bag of o pungA pice of o bucat500g of1 pound of 450 ga loaf of o franzela slice of o feliea bunch of un buchet, un ciorchine
Pentru a sublinia singularul- obiectelor formate din dou priA pair of- o pereche- in lb rom al subst care in engleza nu sunt numarabilea piece of news (information, advice, luggage, knowledge)a bar of soap (chocolate)a loaf of bread
Fruits fructe
De trecut la plural.
Singular Plural Singular Pluralapple-mr blueberry-murpear-par cherry-cireaplum-prun sourcherry-viin
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Blue albastruGreen verdeGrey griOrange portocaliuYellow galbenRed rou
There is pronunat legat =exist, se afl, esteThere are pronunat legat =exist, se afl, suntIs there? = se afl? este?Are there? =se afl? Sunt?There isn`t =nu se aflThere aren`t = nu sunt
Nite Some se folosete n propoziiile afirmative la substantive nenumrabile sausubstantive la plural
Any se folosete pentru substantive nenumrabile sau substantive la plural n
Propoziii negative sau interogativeExerciiu: Completai dialogul
- OK. Two hundred grams . flour.- Yes . There`s .. flour in the cupboard.- Are there .. eggs?- Yes. I think there are . Eggs in the fridge.- Is there a- There aren`t any lemons. Oh sorry, there is one.- OK. There`s .. milk and butter in the fridge too.- Right. Oh no! There isn`t sugar!- Yes, there is. It s . Table.
Alimente
Meat carneBeef vitPork carne de porcDuck raGoos gsc
Lamb mielTurkey curcanChicken - pui Breast piept Liver ficat Legs picioare Wings aripioareGoat caprSalame salamSansages crnaiBacon uncMeat balls chiftelue, prjoaleDeer cprioarMilk lapteCheese brnz
Youghurt iaurtJuice sucEggs ouPasta paste
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Moodles tieiRice orezOil uleiFlour finSugar zahrJaim gemHoney miere
Salt sareCorn flour mlaiMineral water ap mineralVine vinBrandy coniacChampagne - ampanieSour cream smntnCream fric
Meniu
Starters aperitiv ; prawn crevei; coktail cocteilMain courser feluri principaleFrench onion soup sup de ceap franuzeascSteak fripturRoast lamb friptur de miel la cuptorAll main courses served with chips and fresh vegetables or mixed salad. -Toate felurile de mncareservite cu cartofi prjii i legume proaspete sau salat.Desserts desert. Pancakes cltite. Fresh fruit salad salat de fructe proaspete. Strawberry cake
prjitur de cpuniCoffee cafeaI would like = I`d like = a dori; a vreaI would not like = I wouldn`t like = eu nu a vrea
Lecia 5
Reguli generale1. Orice timp gramatical n limba englez are dou formeSimplContinu
2. Orice timp continuu se formeaz cu ajutorul verbului auxiliara fi (pus la timpul respectiv) iverbul de conjugat primete terminaia ing.
3. Cnd ntr-o propoziie se afl un verb auxiliar acesta suport toate modificrile, nu verbul deconjugat.4. Cu excepia verbelor modale i a verbului a fi care formeaz singure negativul (prin adugarealui not) i interogativul (prin inversarea locului cu subiectul) verbele din limba englez nu potforma singure negativul i interogativul:
la negativ se adaug not verbului auxiliar la interogativ verbul auxiliar se aaz n faa subiectului
5. n limba englez nu este permis s folosim dou negaii n aceeai propoziie. Dac avem un cuvntnegativ n propoziie (de exemplu never = niciodat; nothing = nimic; nobody = nimeni; nowhere =nicieri) trebuie s punem verbul la afirmativ.Prezentul simplu
Cu ajutorul acestui timp exprimm: O activitate care se desfoar n mod repetat, n mod obinuit(n fiecare zi; des; cteodat de
obicei)
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O activitate viitoare care face parte dintr-un program oficial (trenul sosete la ora; avionuldecoleaz la)
Un adevr indiscutabil (soarele rsare; omul respir) Activiti permanente
1 Propoziia afirmativ ordinea cuvintelor: subiect + verbul la infinitivul scurt + ..; n cazuln care subiectul este la persoana a III a singular verbul primete terminaia s .
I go to school every day.
He goes to school every day.They watch TV every night.She watches TV every night.
2 Interogativ propoziia va fi format din : verbul auxiliar +do / does + subiect + verb.Do you go to school often(des)?Does he watch TV a lot(mult)?
3 Negativ propoziia va fi format din : subiect + do not (don`t)/ does not(doesn`t) + verbShe doesn`t eat carrots.You don`t play with me.You don`t play footballs.Elephants don`t forget.
Adverbe de frecven Always ntotdeaunaUsually de obiceiSometimes uneori; cteodatOften des; adesea.Seldom rarOccasionally ocazionalRarely rar
Never niciodatDe cele mai multe ori adverbele de frecven se aaz n propoziie ntre subiect i predicat.
Ex. I always wake up late.- Eu m trezesc trziu ntotdeauna.Dac n propoziie avem verb auxiliar, adverbul de frecven se aeaz ntre auxiliar i verbulprincipal.
Ex. I don`t always wake up late. Eu nu m trezesc ntotdeauna trziu.
Exerciii:
1. Pune propoziiile la pers. a III a singular Do you like boiled eggs?-..
They fish in the lake.
Elephants never forget. .
They sometimes miss the bus. ..
I mix the ingredients together.
The rivers freeze in winter. ..
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2. Transform propoziiile n ntrebri i la negativ. You know the ansver. Do you know the ansver? You don`t know the ansver.
He has breakfast at 8.00..
The children like sweets.
He finishes work at 6.00.
He tries hard. ..
The park closes at dark.
He loves her. ..
He misses his mother.
She carries a slleping bag.
You remenber the address. ..
She agrees with you. .
Tom looks very well. .
They sell fresh grape juice here ..
He charge more than other photographers? ..
She cuts her husband`s hair..
Lecia 6
Verbe despre mncare
To cook a gti cooked - gtit
To boil a fierbe boiled fiert, fiart
To freeze -a congela frozen- congelat, ngheat
To defrost a dezghea defrosted dezgheat
To bake a coace baked copt
To grill a frige pe grtar grilled fript pe grtar
To grate a rzui grated ras, rzuit13
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To fry a prji fried - prjit
To mash a pisa, zdrobi mashed pisat, zdrobit
To mince- a toca la main minced - tocat
To scramble- a amesteca, a bate scrambled -btut
To mix a amesteca mixed -amestecat
To stir a amesteca cu lingura stirred
To burn a arde burnt
To smoke a afuma smoked
To chew a amesteca chewed
To eat a mnca eaten
To slice a felia Sliced - feliat
To peel a decoji Peeled -decojit
Chopped tiat bucele
Exerciiu: Traducei1 El fierbe cartofi n fiecare zi.
2 Mama mea coace pine n fiecare smbt.
3 Eu amestec roiile i castraveii ca s fac salat, n fiecare sear.4 Noi mncm piure de cartofi i pete prjit n fiecare duminic.
5 Noi gtim sup i omlet de obicei.
6 Noi facem chiftelue din carne tocat.
7 Ei mnnc salat mixt i unc afumat.
8 Noi cumprm cpuni congelate i coacem o plcint cu cpuni n fiecare iarn.
9 Btrnul mestec foarte ncet.
10 Mama dezghe frigiderul n fiecare lun.
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11 Eu citesc o poezie n fiecare zi.
12 Cartea lui Ion este foarte interesant.
13 Prietenii mamei mele conduc o main mare
14 Tata face cafea n fiecare diminea.
15 Ua face un zgomot ciudat.
16 Eu mnnc mncare de regim n fiecare zi.
17 Ea bea un pahar cu lapte n fiecare sear.
18 Noi privim la TV trei ore pe zi.
19 Copiii scriu scrisori lui Mo Crciun.
20 Noi mergem la serviciu n fiecare zi.
21 Cinele lor latr toat noaptea.
22 Vecinii lor se plng adesea.
23 Tom este bucuros s conduc noaptea.
24 Ei culeg merele n octombrie.
25 Ultimul tren pleac la miezul nopii.
26 El se relaxeaz n wekend.
27 Ea refuz s discute
Lecia 7
Pentru substantivele nenumrabile se folosete verbul la singular, cu excepia substantivelor cuform de plural
Ex. The flour is on the table = fina este pe mas
The trousers are on the bed = pantalonii sunt pe patThere is = exist, se aflThere are = exist, se afl, suntThere isn`t = nu exist, nu se aflThere aren`t = nu exist, nu se afl, nu suntIs there? = exist? se afl?Are there? = exist? se afl? Sunt?
Exerciiu: traducei1. Sunt nite computere pe mas dar nu sunt imprimante.
2. Nu sunt morcovi n frigider.
3. Este pine n dulap?
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4. Este ceai n ceainic?
5. Nu este cafea n ceac.
6. Eu citesc o carte n fiecare sptmn.
7. Noi mergem la coal ntotdeauna cu maina.
8. Voi v uitai la TV n fiecare sear.
9. El fumeaz?
10. Voi mncai brnz ras?
11. Eu locuiesc n Constana.
12. El pleac la ora 5 in fiecare zi.
13. Ct este ceasul?
14. Este ora 8.30 diminea.
15. Este 7 fr un sfert.
16. Este 5 i un sfert.17. Esta 6 fr 25.
18. Este 4 i 10
19. Este 11 fr 10.
In the morning = dimineaaIn the afternoon = dup amiazaIn the evening = searaAt noon = la prnzAt night = noaptea
Lecia 8
The house
Floor = etaj Door = u Hall = hol
Dining room (sal de mese) sitting room living room = sufragerie
Bedroom = dormitor Bathroom = baie Ceiling = tavan
Kitchen = buctrie Window = geam Wall = perete
Balcony = balcon Attic = pod, masard Floor = podea
In the kitchen
Cupboard = dulap Table = mas match = chibrituri
Fridge = frigider Refigerator = frigider glass = pahar
Freezer = congelator Chair = scaun jar = borcan
pot = oal sink = chiuvet ladle = polonic
cooker = aragaz pan =tigaie jug = can mare16
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oven = cuptor plate = farfurie ntins cover = capac
fork = furculi knife = cuit saucer = farfurie mic
spoon = lingur teaspoon = linguri cup = ceac
bowl = castron, bol, farfurie adnc microwave oven = cuptor cu microunde
In the living room
Couch; sofa = canapea lamp = veioz, lustr
Armchair = fotoliu bookcase = bibliotec
Bookshelf = raft ptentru cri shelf = raft
Coffee table =msu (de cafea) carpet = covor
Curtain = draperie, perdea, jaluzea
In the bedroom
duvet = pilot bed = pat pillow = pern
sheet = cearceaf night table = noptier blanket = pturdesk = birou wardrob = ifonier mattress = saltea
In the bathroom
Shower = du mirror = oglind towel = prosop
Shampoo = ampon tooth brush = perie de dini Tooth paste = past de dini
Soap = spun comb = pieptn hair brush = perie de pr
Tub,bath, bath tub = cad toilete = toalet washbasin = chiuvet baie
Hostel = cmin, pensiune
On the ground fllor =parter
Next to = alturi de
Near = aproape deOpposite = vizavi, n faa
Between = ntre
What about the garden = dar grdin au?
Numeralul ordinal
The first = the 1st = primul
The second = the 2nd = al doilea
The third = the 3rd = al treilea
The fourth = the 4th = al patrulea
The fifth = the 5th = al cincilea
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The eleventh = the 11th = al unsprezecelea
The twelweth = the 12th = al 12
The twenty first = the 21st = al 21
The fifty second = the 52nd = al 52
31 ianuarie 2004 = January (the) 31st 2004
La date; zile se folosete ntotdeauna numeralul ordinal
Exerciiu: Traducei
1. Camera mea este vizavi de camera lui John.
2. Casa noastr este lng staie.
3. Dormitorul lui Sally este alturi de baie.
4. Staia este ntre coal i cinematograf.
5. Camera de jocuri este la etajul 4.6. Eu am o main mare.
7. Voi avei un cafe bar?
8. El nu are televizor.
9. Baia este alturi de sufragerie.
Lecia 9
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Prezentul continuu
Cu ajutorul acestui timp exprimm:
1. O activitate n curs de desfurare n momentul vorbirii.
2. O activitate temporar.3. O activitate viitoare planificat n prezent.
Afirmativul se formeaz:
Subiect + verbul a fi la prezent + verbul de conjugat cu terminaia ing
Ex. I am watching TV (now)-nu este necesar doar prin simpla folosire a acestui timp se subnelege
c activitatea are loc acum.
She is smoking (now)-nu este necesar.
Interogativul se formeaz:
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Verbul a fi la preyent + subiect + verbul de conjugat cu terminaia ing
Ex. Are you studying? = nvei?
Is she cooking lunch? = Ea gtete prnzul?
Is she smoking? = Ea fumeaz ?
Negativul se formeaz:
Subiect + a fi la negativ + verbul de conjugat cu terminaia ing
Ex. They aren`t listening to music. = Ei nu ascult muzic.
She isn`t smoking. = Ea nu fumeaz.
REGULI de ortografie la adugarea terminaiei ing
1. Dac verbul se termin n e mut (nu se aude) acesta dispare nainte s adugm ing.
EX. to make makingto come - coming
to have - having
2. Dac verbul se termin n y adugm terminaia ing
Ex. to study studying
3. Dac verbul este format dintr-o singur silab (nu diftong) i se termin ntr-o singur
consoan nainte s adugm ing dublm consoana final
Ex. to get getting = a luato plan planning a planifica
to swim swimming a nota
VERBE CARE NU POT FI PUSE LA UN TIMP CONTINUU
to adore = a adorato agree = a fi de acord cuto appreciate = a aprecia
to believe = a credeto belong = a aparineto care = a ine lato concern = a privi; a interesa; are legtur cuto consist = a constato contain = a conineto desire = a dorito dislike = a displceato fear = a se temeto forgive = a iertato forget = a uita
to hate = a ur; a nu plcea foarte multto hear = a auzito know = a tito like = a plcea
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to mean = a nsemnato mind = a supra; a deranjato need = a avea nevoie deto notice = a observato own = a deineto possess = a posedato prefer = a preferato realize = a realza; (a-i da seama)to recognize = a recunoateto refuse = a refuzato remember = a amintito see = a vedeato seem = a preato signify = a semnifica
to smell = a mirosito suppose = a presupune**to think = a crede (doar cand arata o parere)to understand = a nelegeto want = a vreato wish = a dori
Atenie!to sleep sleepingto plant - planting
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to love = a iubi; a plcea foarte multto mattter = a contaAtenie! **To think = a gandi > dac nu arat o opinie poate fi pus la continuu
Exerciiu: punei propoziiile la prezentul continuu1. She (not work), she (swim) in the river. = Ea nu lucreaz, ea noat n ru.
2. He (teach) his boy to ride. = El l nva pe biatul su s clreasc
3. Why Ann (not wear) her new dress? = De ce nu poart Ann rochia sa nou?
4. Why you (mend) that old shirt? = De ce crpeti cmaa aia veche?
5. Mrs Jones (sweep) the step outside her house.= Doamna Jones mtur treptele din faa casei sale.
6. What Tom (do) now? He (clean) his shoes. = Ce face Tom acum? El i cur pantofii.
7. What you (read) now? I (read) Crime and Punishment. = ce citeti acum? Eu citesc Crim iPedeaps.
8. It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing).= Esta o zi minunat. Soarele strlucete ipsrelele cnt.
9. Some one (knock) at the door.Shall I answer it? I (come) in a minute. I just (wash) my hands.=Cineva bate la u. Trebuie s rspund? Vin ntr-un minut. M spl pe mini.
10. - You (do) anything this evening? = Faci ceva disear?- No I`m not. = Nu fac nimic.- Well, I (go) to the cinema. Woud zou like to come with me. = Eu m duc la cinema. i-ar face
plcere s mergi cu mine?
11.Why you (tipe) so fast? You (make) a lot of mistakes.= De ce tastezi aa repede? Faci o mulimede greeli.
12. Mother (rest) now. She always rest after lunch.= Mama se odihnete acum. Ea se odihnetentotdeauna dup prnz.
13. Ann usually does the shopping, but I (do) it today as she isn`t well. = Ann face cumprturile deobicei, dar azi le fac eu deoarece ea nu se simte bine.
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14. Can I borrow your pen or you (use) it at the moment? = Pot s folosesc stiloul tu sau l folosetitu pentru moment?
15. - You (not tell) the truth. = Tu nu spui adevrul (mini).- How do you know that I (not tell) the truth? = De unde tii tu c nu spun adevrul?
16. They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate.= Ei sap o groap enorm chiar n faa poriimele.
What they (do) that for? = Pentru (de) ce fac ei asta?I don`t know. Perhaps they (look) for oil. = Nu tiu. Probabil caut petrol.
Lecia 10Cuvinte de legtur:
about despre; circa; cam if dac
above deasupra in nacross peste; vizavi in front of n fa
after dup inside nuntru
against mpotriva into n
along dea lungul like ca
among dintre(mai multe) near aproape
and i next to alturi de
around n jurul of de
at la(static) on pe
at the bottom of pe fundul on top of pe fundul
away from departe de out afarbecause deoarece; pentru c out of afar din
before nainte over peste
behind n spate since din; de la(timp)21
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below dedesupt till pn cnd; pn la
beneath pe sub to la(n micare)
beside pe lng; n apropiere de towards ctre; spre
between ntre (dou) through prin
but dar under sub
by cu underneath dedesupt; pe sub
by my side lng mine unless dac nudown jos up sus
during n timpul while n timp ce
for pentru with cu
from din; de la(distan) without fr
Exerciiu: Punei propoziiile la timpul prezent simplu sau prezent continuu.1 Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nest of other birds. Cucii nu-i construiesc cuiburi. Ei
folosesc cuiburile altor psri
2 You can`t see Tom now, he is having a bath. Nu-l poi vedea pe Tom acum, el face baie.
3 He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea. El de obicei bea cafea dar azi bea ceai..
4 What she (do) in the evening? She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV. Ce face ea serile? Ea deobicei joac cri i se uit la televizor.
5 The last train (leave) the station at 13.00. Ultimul tren pleac din gar la 13.00.
6 He usually speaks so quickly that I (not understand) him. El de obicei vorbete aa repede nct eunu-l neleg.
7 Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. Ana i face o rochie pentru ea acum.
8 She (make) all her own clothes. Ea i face ntotdeauna hainele.
9 The kettle (boil) now, shall I make the tea? Ceainicul fierbe acum, s fac ceaiul?
10 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong. Eu port ochelarii de soare azideoarece soarele este foarte puternic.
Exerciiu: Traducei.
1 -i place de ea?
2 Vara viitoare i vizitez pe prinii ti.
3 Auzi vntul?
4 Eu de obicei mnnc un morcov i beau un pahar cu ap.
5 Ce citeti?
6 Nu te neleg.
7 Sun telefonul.
8 Stop! Nu vezi semnul?22
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9 Noi nu bem vin.
10 Unde mergi?
11 Ana citete o poezie n fiecare sear.
12 Noi locuim n Constana.
13 Noi locuim n Constana deoarece studiem la Universitate.
14 l iubeti? Nu , mi place de el dar nu-l iubesc.
15 Tu l tii pe el?
16 Tu visezi noaptea?
17 Da ntotdeauna visez noapte i dac mnnc mult am comaruri.
18 Ei pescuiesc.
19 Ce faci?
20 Eu folosesc un computer.
21 Ei se bat.
22 Ele se mbrac bine.
23 Copiii te cred.
Lecia 11
PAST SIMPLE TRECUTUL SIMPLU
1 Cu ajutorul acestui timp exprimm o activitate trecut care s-a ncheiat ntr-un moment cunoscut
din trecut.
2 O activitate care avea loc n mod obinuit n trecut dar s-a ncheiat.
AFIRMATIV
Subiect + verb + terminaia ed (dac este verb regulat)+
Forma a-II-a din list dac este verb neregulat +..
Ex. The children woke up late yesterday. Copiii s-au trezit trziu ieri.
She arrived at six yesterday. Ea a sosit la 6 ieri.
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NEGATIV
Subiect + did not(didn`t) + verb la infinitiv simplu + .
Ex. The children didn`t woke up late yesterday.
She didn`t arrive at six yesterday.
INTEROGATIV
Did + subiect + verb la infinitiv simplu +..?
Ex. Did the children woke up late yesterday?
Did she arrive at six yesterday?
Reguli de ortografie la adugarea terminaiei ed
Dac verbul de conjugat se termin la infinitiv n y precedat de o consoan, acesta setransform n i i apoi adugm ed.
Dac verbul de conjugat se termin la infinitiv n e mut, acesta dispare nainte s adugm ed. Dac verbul de conjugat este monosilabic(cu o vocal i nu diftong) i se termin ntr-o singur
consoan, aceasta se dubleaz nainte de a aduga ed.
VERBE NEREGULATE IRREGULAR VERBS
INFINITIV PAST TENSEPAST
PARTICIPLE
TRADUCERE
arise arose arisen a se ridica
awake awoke awoken a se trezi
be was/were been a fi
bear bore borne a purta, a natebeat beat beaten a bate
become became become a deveni
begin began begun a ncepe
bend bent bent a (se) ndoi
bet bet bet a paria
bind bound bound a lega
bite bit bitten a musca
bleed bled bled a sngera
blow blew blown a sufla, a bate
break broke broken a (se) spargebreed bred bred a creste, a educa
bring brought brought a aduce
broadcast broadcast broadcast a emite, a transmite
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build built built a construi
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned a arde
burst burst burst a izbucni, a navali
buy bought bought a cumpra
cast cast cast a arunca
catch caught caught a prinde
choose chose chosen a alege
cling clung clung a se agatacome came come a veni
cost cost cost a costa
creep crept crept a se tari, a se furia
cut cut cut a tia
deal dealt dealt a trata, a se ocupa de
dig dug dug a sapa
do did done a face
draw drew drawn a trage, a desena
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed a visa
drink drank drunk a beadrive drove driven a mana, a sofa
eat ate eaten a manca
fall fell fallen a cdea
feed fed fed a hrni
feel felt felt a (se) simi
fight fought fought a (se) lupta
find found found a gsi
fly flew flown a zbura
forbid forbade forbidden a interzice
forecast forecast forecast a prevedea
forget forgot forgotten a uita
INFINITIV PAST TENSEPAST
PARTICIPLE
TRADUCERE
forgive forgave forgiven a ierta
freeze froze frozen a nghea
get got got a primi, a obine
give gave given a da
go went gone a merge
grind ground ground a mcina
grow grew grown a cretehang hung hung a atrna
have had had a avea
hear heard heard a auzi
hide hid hid/hidden a (se) ascunde
hit hit hit a lovi
hold held held a ine
hurt hurt hurt a rni, a durea
keep kept kept a ine, a pstra
kneel knelt/knelled knelt/knelled a ngenunchea
knit knit knit a tricota
know knew know a ti, a cunoate
lay laid laid a pune, a aeza
lead led led a conduce
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lean lent lent a se apleca, sprijini
leap leapt leapt a sri
learn learnt learnt a nva
leave left left a pleca, a lsa
lend lent lent a da cu mprumut
let let let a lsa, a permite
lie lay lain a zcea, a se afla
light lit/lighted lit/lighted a aprindelose lost lost a pierde
make made made a face
mean meant meant a nsemna
meet met met a (se) ntlni
pay paid paid a plti
put put put a pune
read read read a citi
ride rode ridden a clri
ring rang rung a suna
rise rose risen a rsari, a(se) ridicarun ran run a fugi
saw sawed sawn/sawed a tia cu fierstrul
say said said a spune
see saw seen a vedea
seek sought sought a cuta
sell sold sold a vinde
send sent sent a trimite
set set set a pune
sew sewed sewn/sewed a coase
shake shook shaken a scutura, a tremura
shine shone/shined shone/shined a strluci
shoot shot shot a mpuca, a filma
INFINITIV PAST TENSEPAST
PARTICIPLE
TRADUCERE
show showed shown a atrna
shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk a se strnge
shut shut shut a nchide
sleep slept slept a adormi
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled a mirosi
sow sowed sown/sowed a semnaspeak spoke spoken a vorbi
speed sped sped a grbi, a accelera
spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled a ortografia
spend spent spent a cheltui, a petrece
spill spilt / spilled spilt / spilled a vrsa
spin spun spun a toarce
spit spat spat a scuipa
split split split a despica
spoil spoilt / spoiled spoilt / spoiled a rsfa
spread spread spread a (se) ntinde
spring sprang sprung a izvor, a sri
stand stood stood a sta (n picioare)
steal stole stolen a fura, a (se) furia
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stick stuck stuck a lipi
sting stung stung a nepa
stink stunk stunk a mirosi urt
strike struck struck a lovi
string strung strung a nira (pe o a)
strive strove striven a nzui
swear swore sworn a jura
sweat sweat sweat a transpirasweep swept swept a mtura
swell swelled swollen/ swelled a se umfla
swim swam swum a nota
swing swung swung a legna
take took taken a lua
teach taught taught a nva (pe cineva), a preda
tear tore torn a rupe, sfia
tell told told a spune, povesti
think thought thought a (se) gndi
throw threw thrown a aruncathrust thrust thrust a nfige
understand understood understood a nelege
wake woke woken a (se) trezi
wear wore worn a purta
weave wove woven a ese
weep wept wept a plnge
win won won a ctiga
wind wound wound a rsuci
withdraw withdrew withdrawn a (se) retrage
wring wrung wrung a stoarce
write wrote written a scrie
Exerciiu: Alctuii propoziii la trecut simplu.
1 Eu am mncat o friptur cu cartofi prjii i salat.I ate a steak with chips and salad.I didnt eat a steak with chips and salad.Did I eat a steak with chips and salad?
2 Noi am vzut un film foarte bun.We saw a very good film.We didnt see a very good film.Did we see a very good film?
3 Ieri am vorbit despre trecutul simplu.We spoke about past simple yesterday.We didnt speak about past simple yesterday.Did we speak about past simple yesterday?
4 Am cumparat doua franzele acum o or.
I bought two loaves an hour ago.I didnt buy two loaves an hour ago.Did I buy two loaves an hour ago?
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5 Ieri, mama mi-a trimis un pachet.My mother sent a packet for me, yesterday.My mother didnt send a packet for me, yesterday.Did my mother send a packet for me yesterday?
6 Ieri am baut doua sticle cu bere.I drank two bottles of beer yesterday.
I didnt drink two bottles of beer yesterday.Did I drink two bottles of beer yesterday?
7 Sambata trecuta am mers la teatru.We went to the theatre last Saturday.We didnt go to the theatre last Saturday.Did we go to the theatre last Saturday?
8 Eu credeam ca engleza este foarte greu de invatat.I thought that English was very difficult to learn.I didn`t think that English is very difficult to learn.
Did I think that English is very difficult to learn?
9 Ieri am purtat cravata.I wore a necktie yesterday.I didnt wear a necktie yesterdayDid I wear a necktie yesterday?
10 Pentru a ajunge la cursul de englez am condus masina mea.I drove my car to get to the English class.I didnt drive my car to get to the English class.Did I drive my car to get to the English class?
Lecia 12
Exerciiu: Identificai verbele din propoziie i punei-le la trecutul simplu.
1. I go to work by bus. Eu merg la serviciu cu autobuzul.
2. I meet her on Tuesdays. Eu m ntlnesc cu ea marea.
3. He always wears black. El ntotdeauna se mbrac n negru.
4. I make cakes every week. Eu fac prjituri n fiecare sptmn.
5. She got up at 6.30. Ea se trezete la 6.30.
6. He understands me. El m nelege pe mine.
7. He shuts the shop at 6.00. el nchide magazinul la 6.00
8. She speaks slowly. Ea vorbete rar.
9. He leaves the house at 9.00. El prsete casa la 9.00.
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10. I read a chapter every night. Eu citesc un capitol n fiecare sear.
Exerciiu: Trecei urmtoarele propoziii la negativ i interogativ i traducei forma de afirmativ.
1 She saw your.
2 We heard a terrible noise. Noi auzim un zgomot teribil.
3 He slept till 10.00. el doarme pn la 10.00.
4 He looked at the picture. El privete pictura.
5 They drank all wine. Ei au but tot vinul.
6 The police caught the thief. Poliia a prins houl.
7 He hid the letter. El a ascuns scrisoarea.
8 He wrote a novel. El a scris un roman (o nuvel).
9 The boys ran home. Bieii alergau acas.
10 He forgave her. El a iertat-o.
Lecia 13Exerciiu: Trecei urmtoarele propoziii la negativ i interogativ i traducei forma de afirmativ.
1 She found her watch.
2 He forbade her to live.
3 I sent it to the laundry.
4 She lost her way.
5 Jack kept the money.
6 He shook the bottle.
7 She sold the car.
8 He lost his wallet.
9 His wife came at 6.00.
10 He broke his arm.
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11 Manuela got married.
PARTS OF THE BODY - PRILE CORPULUIhead = capface = faeye = 1 ochieyes = ochi
nose = nasmouth = gurtooth = dinitongue =limblip = buzecheeks = obrazchin = brbieeyelids = pleoapeeyebrows = sprnceneeyelashes = geneforehead = frunte
ears = urechihair = prneck = gtthroat = n gtshoulders = umeri
body = corparm = braelbow = cothand = mnwrist = ncheietura miniifingers = degetele de la mnfingernail = unghiile de la mniwaist = talie
breast = sniearache = durere de urechiheadache = durere de capstomachache = durere de stomacsore throat = durere n gtsore toe = durere deget piciortoothache = durere de dini(msele)a cold = am rceal
a caught = rcealthe flu = grip
Exerciiu; Traducei1 Am rcit.
2 John are grip.
3 M doare capul ngrozitor.
4 Ei au o tuse rea.
5 Eu cred c-l doare n gt.
6 Jane se duce la dentist. Are o durere de dini ngrozitoare.
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Chest = pieptHips = olduriBack = spateBellybutton = burtLeg = piciorThigh = coapsKnees = genunchiAnkle = gleznFoot =laba picioruluiHeel = clciToes = degetele de la piciorThumb = degetul mareStomach = stomacLiver = ficatLungs = plmniHeart = inimKidneys = rinichiIntestines = intestineBladder = vezic urinarBones = oaseRibs = coasteVertebra = vertebrSpine = ira spinriiBrain = creier
Nerves = nervi
Muscles = muchiBlood = sngeBlood vesselsVase de snge
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7 James i-a rupt piciorul.
8 Nasul lui a sngerat.
9 El i-a vndut un rinichi.
10 Ieri am mncat ficat prjit.
11 Sarah i-a tuns prul.
12 Am folosit fard pentru ochi ca s-mi colorez pleoapele.
13 Am auzit c picioarele de broasc erau delicioase.
14 Am stat jos(m-am aezat) deoarece m durea un deget de la picior.
15 Sngele a curs prin vase de snge spre inim.
Lecia 14
Describing people = descrierea persoanelor
ntrebrile care se pun:What do you look like? = Cum ari?What does he/she look like? = Cum arat el/ea?
He is/ she isEl este / ea este
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tall = nalt
short = scund
bald = chel
fat = gras
thin = subire, suplu, slab
black = negru
white = alblongshort
a moustache = mustaa beard = barbglasses = ochelari
green = verziblue = albatriblack = negribrown = cprui
black = negrubrown = atenblond = blondred = rocatgrey = grizonat
curly = crestraight = dreptwavy = ondulat
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He/she has gotEl/ea are
Exerciiu: Punei ntrebrile i descriei persoanele din imagine.1. What does Jerry look like?
He is white, tall, slim and bald. He has got green eyes and a short brown beard.El este alb, nalt, slab i chel. El are ochi verzi i barb scurt aten.
2. What does Jackie look like?
She is black, tall and slim. She has got brown eyes and long , brown wavy hair.Ea este neagr, nalt i slab. Ea are ochi cprui i prul aten, lung i drept.
3. What does Jimmy look like?He is white, short and slim. He has got blue eyes, short blond hair and a short blondmoustache. He has got glasses too.El este alb, scund i slab. El are ochi albatri, pr blond scurt i o musta blond scurt.
4. What does John look like?He is white tall and slim. He has got brown eyes, short red hair and short brown moustache.He has got glasses too.
El este alb, nalt i slab. El are ochi cprui, pr scurt rou i musta scurt aten. El are deasemenea ochelari.
5. What does Ann look like?She is black, tall and slim. She has got black eyes, long black wavy hair.Ea este neagr, nalt i slab. Ea are ochi negri, pr lung ondulat negru.
6. What does Cindy look like?She is white, short and slim. She has got brown eyes and long straight blond hair.Ea este alb, scund i slab. Ea are ochi cprui i prul blond, drept, lung.
7. What does Gere look like?He is white, tall and slim. He has got blue eyes and short brown hair.El este alb, nalt i slab. El are ochi albatri i prul scurt cprui.
Exerciiu: Traducei textul urmtorSTAR COUPLE
One of the most successful film stars I Hollywood today is Richard Gere. His films include AnOfficer and a Gentleman, Yanks and Pretty Woman. A slim, handsome man, with grey hair and browneyes, he is especially popular with female audiences. He is married to the model, actress and TV
presenter, Cindy Crawford.Ms Crawford has got a long brown hair and brown eyes and is tall, slim and beautiful.Richard Gere and Cindy Crawford live in the USA. Theyve got a flat in New York and a house in
California.
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Eyes = ochi
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Lecia 15THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON
GRADELE DE COMPARAIE ALE ADJECTIVELOR I ADVERBELORAdjectivul este partea de vorbire care arat o nsuire, o calitate a unui substantiv (obiect, persoan
sau fenomen).Adverbul este partea de vorbire care arat cnd, unde, cum are loc o activitate (nsuirea unei
activiti).Gradele de comparaie sunt comparativul i superlativul care se formeaz astfel:
I. COMPARATIV1 De superioritate mai . dect than = decta Pentru adjective/adverbe scurte se adaug terminaia er.
Exemple: hard harder; nice nicer; big bigger; sad sadder; pretty prettied; happy happierLa adugarea terminaiei er se respect aceleai reguli ca la adugarea terminaiei ing.
b Pentru adjectivele/adverbele se pune n fa more Exemple: more beautiful; more interesting; more comfortable; more handsome
2 De egalitate la fel de caSe formeaz astfel: As + adj/adv + asExemple: as nice as; as long as; as intelligent as; as long as; as well as; as good as.
3 De inferioritate:
a mai puin .. dect se formeaz astfel less + adj/advExemple: less interesting; less comfortableb nu aa de .. ca se formeaz astfel not so/as + adj/adv + as
Exemple: not so/as interesting as; not so nice as; not so good as.
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II. SUPERLATIVUL1 Relativ cel mai
a. pentru adjectivele scurte se formeaz astfel: the + adj/adv + estExemple: the hardest cel mai tare
the nicest cel mai drguthe biggest cel mai marethe happiest cel mai fericit
La adugarea terminaiei est se respect aceleai reguli ca la adugarea terminaiei ing.b. pentru adjectivele lungi se formeaz astfel the most + adj/advExemple: the most beautiful; the most interesting; the most successful.
2 Absolut foarte.. ca se formeaz astfel very + adv/adjExemple: very nice = foarte drgu
very beautiful = foarte frumosvery well = foarte bine
ADJECTIVE/ADVERBE NEREGULATE
Adj / adv Mai Cel mai Traduceregood / well better the best bun / bine
bad / ill worse the worst ru / bolnav
oldelder pentru membrii familiei= mai n vrst
eldestbtrn/vechi
older the oldest
farFarther pentru distan The farthest departe /
ndeprtatFurther pentru n continuare The furthestMuch / many More The most Muli / multLittle Less The least Puin / mic
Near Nearer The nearest- pt distane Aproape /
apropiatThe next
Late Later The latest mai recent
Trziu
The last - ultimul
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Exerciiu: punei adjectivele la toate gradele de comparaie
Mai La fel de Nu aa ca Cel mai Foarte Traducerehardsmall
beautifulIndifferentgood
differentmild
badnear
CLOTHES - HAINE
coat hain, palton cap apc jacket jachet, geac, sacou gloves mnuicardigan hanorac scarf earf, al, fular sweater pulover pyjamas pijama
blouse bluz nightgowshirt cma robe halatskirt fust bathrobe halat de baiedress rochie underwear lenjerie intimtrousers pantaloni (engl) cuffs manete
pants pantaloni (engl sua) sleeves mnecijeans blugi pocket buzunar belt curea laces ireturisocks osete buttons nasturistocking ciorapi de dam,
dresurizipper fermoar
tighs ciorapi de dam,dresuri
ring inel
shoe pantofi wedding ring verghetboots cizme, ghete earrings cerceisandals sandale bracelet brartrainers adidai necklace colier snikers tenii chain lnior hat plrie slippers papuci
HOMEWORK
Alegei adjectivul sau adverbul potrivit i traducei.1. (little, less) We havemoney than last year.
2. (good, well) Mother Theresa is world famous for being a person.
3. (oldest, eldest) The .. sister took care of the family.
4. (nearest, next) The . Gas station is behind those buildings.
5. (good, well) Despite her advanced age she is..
6. (latest, last) The is the time Ill invite her.
7. (much, many) There isnt .. coffee in the cups.
8. (nearest, next) The concert is in August.
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Lecia 16
Exerciiu: traducei.
1. Unde este cel mai apropiat restaurant?
2. Ea este prietene mea cea mai bun.
3. Cnd este urmtoarea ntlnire?
4. Acestea sunt cele mai dulci ciree.5. Foarte interesant.
6. Ea poart (acum) o plrie alb.
7. Acesta este fiul meu cel mai mare.
ORDINEA ADJECTIVELORCnd descriem un obiect folosind mai multe adjective acestea se aeaz n propoziie n ordinea
prezentat n tabel
Determiner
Determinant
Qualitycalita
te
Opinion/Opinie
Size/Mrim
e
AgeVrst
ShapeForm
Colour/culoare
OriginCrigin
e
Material
Purpose/Scop
NounSubstan
tiv
my
beautifulnice
uglyinterestingboring
bigsmall
hugeenormouslittle
newoldyoung
round
ovalsquare
blueredgoldensilverdarklight
russian
chineseromanian
silkleatherlacecotton
woolstonesteelironwooden
ironingwashing
dinningliftingwalking
tablemachinestickdevice
histhisthat
thosethesethea / ansomeExemple:1. A new oval plate. O farfurie oval nou.2. An interesting black steel lifting device.Un interesant instrument de ridicat din metal(oel) negru.3. Some big round French dinning tables. Nite mese mari rotunde franuzeti.
HOMEWORK
Punei adjectivele n ordinea corect i traducei.1. (black, ugly) Look at that spider.
2. (stone, spacious)They live in a house.
3. (lively, little) Carry is a girl.
4. (red, German) He is dreaming about the car he saw.
5. (gigantic, Gothic) The post card showed a cathedral.
6. (embroidered, lovely) What a tablecloth.
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7. (boring, these, old) Mark hates novels.
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