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6.1: Industrialization & Politics:The Gilded Age
What does it mean when something is Gilded? What does this imply about this age in US History?
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Reconstruction & Reconstruction & Rise of Jim CrowRise of Jim Crow
Ranching, Mining, FarmingRanching, Mining, Farming
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900The SouthThe South:
After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the
South entered the Jim Crow era
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The WestThe West:Farmers,
ranchers, & miners
closed the last of the frontier at
the expense of Indians
Mining was the 1st
attraction to the West;
Miners created “instant
towns” in areas where
gold or silver was discovered
The Farming Bonanza In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead ActHomestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 yearsA pioneer sod house
Morrill Act (1862)
Law passed to encourage teaching western farmers new industrialized farming practices
Federal land given to states; states must build colleges on the land for teaching agricultural & mechanical arts)
Granger Laws
Laws passed by some Western and Midwestern states to regulate the price of railroad tickets/shipments
Created b/c farmers complained about RR companies charging more $$ for shorter distances
1st transcontinentaltranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869
Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers
on the western leg
Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section
Populists Populists were westerners who wanted
“Free silver” (Bi-metalism)
Regulation of railroads
Income tax (16th Amendment) -1913
Direction election of senators (17th Amendment) - 1913
Effects of the Populist party16th & 17th Amendments (1913) Initiative: Voters can initiate ideas for new laws
Referendum: Voters can mark ballots for/against specific laws
Gov’t ownership of RailroadsGov’t ownership of telephone & telegraph companies
Native Native Americans Americans in the West: in the West:
Major Battles &
Reservations
• Little Big HornLittle Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer
• Wounded KneeWounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual
The Original Native Americans
Indian tribes retained only a few reservationsreservations
set aside by the U.S. government
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The NorthThe North:Experienced an industrial revolution,
mass immigration, & urbanization
“Big Business” MonopoliesMonopolies (truststrusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry:Rockefeller’s Standard Oil
Carnegie’s U.S. Steel
Vanderbilt’s railroads
Sherman Anti-Trust Law Law created to break up trusts/monopolies
Used to break up Standard Oil into smaller companies
Protects competition (and therefore consumers)
Infuriated some Industrialists: “Why Can’t we get as big as our skills allow us?” “Why hinder success?”
Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay.
European
Angel
The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was
1. Marbury vs. Madison. 2. Dred Scott vs.
Sanford. 3. Miranda vs. Arizona. 4. Plessy vs. Ferguson.
This labor union (created by Samuel Gompers) was open only to skilled,
white male workers
1. American Federation of Labor.2. Knights of Labor.3. Wobblies.4. National Workers Association.
Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the
1. Battle of Little Big Horn2. Battle of Potowanamie Creek3. Massacre at Sand Creek.4. Battle of Wounded Knee.
The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement
after the Civil War were1. the gold rush & cattle economy2. the Homestead Act & the railroad3. removal of the buffalo & Native
Americans from the plains4. the removal of the Indians & the
gold rush
Which best explains why Standard Oil was so successful
1. interlocking directorate2. buying stocks “on the margin”3. labor unions4. horizontal integration
Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920?
1. fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America
2. the growth of the suburbs3. people moved from the North to the
South4. growth in American cities
The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company caused which of the following?
0
5
1. The government created anti-trust laws.
2. The public accepted the benefits of monopolies.
3. Many other businessmen entered the oil business.
4. Many wealthy people chose to give away millions of dollars.
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