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Acknowledgements: Faculty, Staff Lillian Cassel, Lois Delcambre, Debra Dudley, Joanne Eustis, Weiguo Fan, James Flanagan, Sandy Grant, Eric Hallerman, Douglas Knight, Alberto Laender, David Maier, Manuel Perez- Quinones, Layne Watson, …
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5S Perspective
Digital Libraries FoundationsWorkshop at JCDL 2007
Vancouver – June 23
Edward A. FoxVirginia Tech, USA
fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu
Acknowledgements: Students
• Ghaleb Abdulla, Robert France, Marcos Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Rohit Kelapure, Neill Kipp, Aaron Krowne, Yi Ma, Paul Mather, Uma Murthy, Ananth Raghavan, Unni. Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen, Ricardo da Silva Torres, Srinivas Vemuri, Seungwon Yang, Qinwei Zhu, …
Acknowledgements: Faculty, Staff
• Lillian Cassel, Lois Delcambre, Debra Dudley, Joanne Eustis, Weiguo Fan, James Flanagan, Sandy Grant, Eric Hallerman, Douglas Knight, Alberto Laender, David Maier, Manuel Perez-Quinones, Layne Watson, …
Other Collaborators (Selected)
• Brazil: FUA, UFMG, UNICAMP• Case Western Reserve University• DELOS and its many members• Emory• Germany: Univ. Oldenburg• Portland State University
Acknowledgements: Support
ACM, AOL, CAPES, CNI, DFG, IBM, IMLS, Microsoft, NDLTD, NLM, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227, 0307867, 0325579, 0535057, 0535060; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0121741, 0136690, 0333531, 0333601, 0435059, 0532825, …), SUN, …
Outline• 5S and Generating DLs
– 5S Framework– 5S definitions, services taxonomy, ontology– 5SL– 5SGraph– 5SGen (and DL development)– DL development of union DL– 5SGen into DSpace
• 5S Metamodels – Minimal DL– Archaeology DL– CBIR DL– Union DL
5S and Generating DLs
• 5S Framework• 5S definitions, services taxonomy, ontology• 5SL• 5SGraph• 5SGen (and DL development)• DL development of union DL• 5SGen into DSpace
5S Framework for DLs
• serves as a basis for understanding (describing) and designing/developing digital libraries
• 5S’s: Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies
• defines a set of formal constraints and way of thinking about digital libraries
Informal 5S & DL Definitions
DLs are complex systems that
• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)• provide info services (scenarios)• organize info in usable ways (structures)• present info in usable ways (spaces)• communicate info with users (streams)
The 5 S’sSs Examples ObjectivesStreams Text; video; audio; image Describes properties of the DL content
such as encoding and language for textual material or particular forms of multimedia data
Structures Collection; catalog; hypertext; document; metadata
Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content
Spaces Measure; measurable, topological, vector, probabilistic
Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components
Scenarios Searching, browsing, recommending
Details the behavior of DL services
Societies Service managers, learners, teachers, etc.
Defines managers, responsible for running DL services; actors, that use those services; and relationships among them
5S
structures (d.10)streams (d.9) spaces (d.18) scenarios (d.21) societies (d. 24)
structural metadataspecification(d.25)
descriptive metadataspecification(d.26)
repository(d. 33)
collection (d. 31)
(d.34)indexingservice
structured stream (d.29)
digitalobject (d.30)
metadata catalog (d.32)
browsingservice
(d.37)
searchingservice (d.35)
digital library(minimal) (d. 38)
services (d.22)
sequence (d. 3)
graph (d. 6)function (d. 2)
measurable(d.12), measure(d.13), probability (d.14), vector (d.15), topological (d.16) spaces
event (d.10)state (d. 18)
hypertext(d.36)
sequence (d. 3)
transmission(d.23)
relation (d. 1) language (d.5)
grammar (d. 7)
tuple (d. 4)*
5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)
Streams
text
audio
image
video digitalobject
Repository
Collection Catalogdescribes
stores
is_version_of/ cites/links_to
Index
Service
Scenario
event
extendsreuses
ServiceManager
Actor
operationexecutes
participates_in
recipient
runs
Scenarios
Societies
inherits_from/includes
association
uses
Topological
ProbabilisticMetric
Measurable
Measure
describes
employsproduces
employsproduces
employsproduces
Structures
Spaces
Vector
contains
metadata specifications
is_a is_a
precedeshappens_before
is_a
redefinesinvokes
contains
contains
SearchingBrowsing
queryanchor
Society
actor
Collection, {digital object}
Recommending Filtering Binding Visualizing Expanding query
user model query/category {digital object}
{digital object} {digital object}
binder
InformationSatisfaction Services
space query’
fundamental
Rating Training
Infrastructure
Services (Add_Value)
composite
Requesting
handle
p pp
e e e{(digital object, actor, rate) }
p
e
e
p p p p p
e e
classifier
e ee e
e
p
e
Indexing
Index
p
e
transformer
e
Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing
Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing
Measuring Publicizing
Rating Reviewing (peer)
Surveying Translating
(language)
Conserving Converting
Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing
Translating (format)
Acquiring Cataloging
Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing
Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting
Preservational Creational Add
Value Repository-Building
Information Satisfaction
Services
Infrastructure Services
Ontology: Applications
5S Language (5SL)
• An XML-based language for declarative specification (by DL designers) and generation (using 5SGen) of digital libraries– how content is stored;– how that content is organized, structured, described, and
accessed;– which services are offered by the library; and– how users use those services
• Uses known standards:– MIME types for file types, XML or RDF Schemas to define
structure,– UIML (User Interface Markup Language) to define user
interfaces,– UXF for Societies and Scenarios, and an XML version of UML
(User Modeling Language) for other scenarios
5SGraph• a graphical,
domain specific digital library modeling tool
• addresses the time required to specify a DL textually in 5SL
Scenario model for ETANA-DL
Requirements Analysis Design Implementation Test
5S 5SLOO ClassesWorkflow Components
DLEvaluation
5SGraph 5SLGenFormalTheory/Metamodel
DL XMLLog
5S related tools for DL development (incl. 5SGen)
5S MetaModel
5SGraphDL
Expert
DL Designer
5SL DL
Model
5SGen
Practitioner
Researcher
TailoredDL
Services
Teacher
componentpool
ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,
…….
Requirements (1) Analysis (2)
Implementation (4)
Design (3)
5S MetaModel
5S MetaModel
5SGraph5SGraphDL
Expert
DL Designer
5SL DL
Model
5SGen5SGen
Practitioner
Researcher
TailoredDL
Services
TailoredDL
Services
Teacher
componentpool
ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,
…….
Requirements (1) Analysis (2)
Implementation (4)
Design (3)
5S related integration toolkit and process
5SGraph
Structure Sub-model
5S MetaModel
Union ServicesDescriptions
HarvestingMapping
SearchingBrowsing
…
Scenario Sub-model
Local Schema Union DL Schema
5SGraph
Structure Sub-model
5S MetaModel
Union ServicesDescriptions
HarvestingMapping
SearchingBrowsing
…
Scenario Sub-model
Local Schema Union DL Schema
5SGraph
Structure Sub-model
5S MetaModel
Union ServicesDescriptions
HarvestingMapping
SearchingBrowsing
…
Scenario Sub-model
Local Schema Union DL SchemaStructure Sub-model
5S MetaModel
Union ServicesDescriptions
HarvestingMapping
SearchingBrowsing
…
Scenario Sub-model
Local Schema Union DL Schema
5SGraph
Mapping Tool
DL Designer
DL Expert DL Designer
Local data
Globaldata
UnionCatalog
Local data
Globaldata
UnionCatalog
5SGen
…
Wrapper
SchemaMapper
Wrapper
SchemaMapper
WrapperWrapper
SchemaMapper
iterativeiterative
ComponentPool
Browsing
Tailored Union services5SGen
ComponentPool
Browsing
Tailored Union services5SGen
25
5S and DSpace (Doug Gorton)
• We can apply 5S to DSpace’s object model, architecture, interface, and other aspects.
• We focus only on the major aspects of the software that are relatively easy to configure, either programmatically or manually in configuration files.
5S and DSpace (2)
• Having examined the DSpace software, we categorize its aspects based on the 5S model.
5SGen – Version 2: ODL, Services, Scenarios
5SL-SocietiesModel (1)
XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)
XMI:ClassModel (3)
Xmi2Java (4)
JavaClasses
Model (5)
superclass
DeterministicFSM (10)
SMC (11)
JavaFinite
State MachineClass
Controller (12)
5SL-ScenarioModel (6)
XPath/JDOMTransform (7)
StateChartModel (8)
Scenario Synthesis (9)
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
JSPUser
InterfaceView (13)
Generated DL Services
DLDesigner
DLDesigner
binds
5SLGen
5SL-SocietiesModel (1)
XPATH/JDOMTransform (2)
XMI:ClassModel (3)
Xmi2Java (4)
JavaClasses
Model (5)
superclass
DeterministicFSM (10)
SMC (11)
JavaFinite
State MachineClass
Controller (12)
5SL-ScenarioModel (6)
XPath/JDOMTransform (7)
StateChartModel (8)
Scenario Synthesis (9)
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
ODLSearch
Java
Wrapping
import
ComponentPool
ODLBrowse
Java
Wrapping
import
.
.
.
JSPUser
InterfaceView (13)
Generated DL Services
DLDesigner
DLDesigner
binds
5SLGen
5SGen Architecture• dlGen application
uses a config file, a DL schema, and a model that adheres to the schema
• SpecificDLGen class dynamically loads and uses the class specified in the config file
• All S related classes interact with the file system and DSpace through APIs DL API / Codebase
Config File
DL Schema
dlGen Application
SpecificDLGen
StreamGen
StructureGen
SpaceGen
SocietyGen
ScenarioGen
DL Model
5SGen Architecture (2)
• In order to create structures, users, and other functions in a DSpace instance, we make use of DSpace’s APIs
Generation of the CSTC Collection
• Fed our complete specification to the dlGen generator tool to create the live DSpace DL including the CSTC collection
• Went very smoothly, throughout the process feedback was given as to progress, entire process took about 50 minutes
5S Metamodels
• Minimal DL• Archaeology DL• CBIR DL• Union DL
5S definitional structure
Digital Object
RepositoryRepositoryCollectionCollection Minimal DL
Metadata Catalog
Descriptive Metadata
Specification
Structural Metadata
Specification
StreamsStreams StructuresStructures SpacesSpaces ScenariosScenarios SocietiesSocieties
indexingindexingbrowsingbrowsing searchingsearching
servicesservices
hypertexthypertext
Structured Stream
Minimal archaeological DL in the5S framework
(A.i is from minimal DL, j is new)
StreamsStreams StructuresStructures SpacesSpaces ScenariosScenarios SocietiesSocieties
indexingindexingbrowsingbrowsing searchingsearching
servicesservices
hypertexthypertext
Structured Stream
ArchObj
ArchColl
ArchObjArchObj
ArchCollArchColl
Arch Metadata catalogArchDO
ArchDRArchDRArchDCollArchDColl Minimal ArchDL
SpaTemOrgSpaTemOrg
StraDiaStraDia
Arch Descriptive Metadata specification
Descriptive Metadata
specification
A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5
A.6
A.8
A.9
A.10 A.11
A.12
A.7
12
A.1
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
3
Stream Structure Space Service Society
ImageStream
FeatureVector
Image Descriptor
StructuredFeatuteVector
ImageContent
Description
ImageDigitalObject
ImageObject
User InfoNeed
ImageCollection
VisualizationOperation
Content-based ImageSearching Service
Image DescriptorMetadata Catalog
Composite Descriptor
KNNQ
RQ
Minimal CBIR DL
Union DL Definitions
• A Minimal Union Digital Library integrated from n DLs is given as a four-tuple: MinUnionDL=(Union Repository, Union Catalog, Minimal Union Services, Union Society).
• DL Integration Problem Definition: Given n individual digital libraries (DL1, DL2, …, DLn), each defined as described above, to integrate the n DLs is to create a Union DL.
Member DLs of ETANA-DL
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Lahav
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Madaba
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Megiddo
Repository
Catalog
DatabaseSearching
and Browsing
Archaeologists
Society
Archaeologists
Archaeologists
Society
Service
Umayri
…
Architecture of ETANA-DL, with centralized catalog and partially
decentralized repository
Union Catalog
Union Repository
ArchaeologistsGeneral Public
Union Society
Union ServicesHarvesting, Mapping
Searching, Browsing, Recommendation,Annotation, Object Comparison, Object Sharing
Binding, Visualization
Summary• 5S and Generating DLs
– 5S Framework– 5S definitions, services taxonomy, ontology– 5SL– 5SGraph– 5SGen (and DL development)– DL development of union DL– 5SGen into DSpace
• 5S Metamodels – Minimal DL– Archaeology DL– CBIR DL– Union DL
Discussion
Recommended