569: Effect of maternal nicotine exposure on reward-seeking behavior in the offspring

569 Effect of maternal nicotine exposure onreward-seeking behavior in the offspringKarin Fox1, Monica Longo1, Phyllis Orise1, Sonja Stutz2, NoelleAnastasio2, Julio Mateus1, Kathryn Cunningham2, George Saade1

1The University of Texas Medical Branch, Obstetrics & Gynecology,Galveston, TX, 2The University of Texas Medical Branch, Pharmacologyand Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Galveston, TXOBJECTIVE: Human studies suggest that children of mothers whosmoke in pregnancy are at increased risk for nicotine and drug addic-tion later in life. We hypothesized that nicotine exposure in uteroprograms the offspring for drug seeking behavior and lowers thethreshold for addiction later in life. The aim of this study was to de-termine if fetal exposure to nicotine alters behavioral phenotype, par-ticularly reward-seeking behavior, later in life.STUDY DESIGN: C57Bl/CJ female mice were randomized to receive200mcg/ml nicotine in water or water alone from 2 weeks prior tobreeding, through pregnancy and weaning at 21 days postpartum.After weaning, offspring were given water and standard chow ad libi-tum. Beginning on postnatal day 40, offspring were subjected to astandardized behavioral test battery, including elevated plus maze(EPM), open field (OF), and forced swim (FS) tests to assess anxiety,locomotor activity and depression. A two-bottle choice (2BC) testusing sucrose at varying concentrations was performed to assess re-ward-seeking behavior. Student-t, one-way ANOVA and post-hocmultiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis as appro-priate (significance: P�0.05).RESULTS: No differences were noted in offspring weight at birth. Nic-otine-exposed male offspring spent significantly more time in theopen arm of the maze compared with the unexposed male offspring(fig. 1). In contract, nicotine-exposed females spent significantly lesstime compared to unexposed female offspring (Fig. 1). There were nosignificant differences overall in OF and FS tests between nicotine-exposed offspring and controls. Nicotine-exposed mice preferredhigher sucrose concentrations compared with controls on day 4 of the2BC (Fig. 2).CONCLUSION: Developmental nicotine exposure alters offspring be-havioral phenotypes, particularly anxiety-like and reward-seeking be-havior, and this effect is gender-specific. These findings indicate thatmaternal nicotine exposure has the potential to increase the risk foraddiction in the offspring later in life.

570 Maternal mortality in New York City1995-2003: disparities and risk factorsKatherine H. Campbell1, Dena Goffman2, Anna K.Sfakianaki1, Christian M. Pettker1, Edmund F.Funai1, David A. Savitz3, Heather S. Lipkind1

1Yale University, Ob/Gyn & Reprod Sci., New Haven, CT, 2Albert EinsteinCollege of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bronx, NY, 3BrownUniversity, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Providence, RIOBJECTIVE: This study was designed to identify maternal co-morbid-ities, pregnancy complications, and other risk factors associated withmaternal mortality during peripartum hospitalizations.STUDY DESIGN: Live birth data for 1995-2003 from the New York CityDepartment of Health and Mental Hygiene were linked to maternaland newborn hospital discharge data from the New York State State-wide planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Deliveryhospitalizations with a diagnosis of maternal death were identifiedand compared to the surviving population. We examined the associ-ations between maternal mortality and maternal demographics, co-morbidities, and hospital diagnoses.RESULTS: From 1995-2003 there were 1,084,882 singleton births inNew York City and 152 maternal deaths at time of delivery hospital-ization. When compared to white women, black women had signifi-cantly increased odds of dying during delivery hospitalization (OR3.4; 95% CI 2.1-5.7). Various maternal co-morbidities were signifi-cantly associated with maternal mortality including cardiovasculardisease (OR 38.1; 95 % CI 26.8 54.1), HIV/AIDS (OR 10.4; 95 % CI 4.623.7), pregestational diabetes (OR 5.4, 95 % CI 2.2 13.1), chronichypertension (OR 11.4; 95% CI 7.3 17.7), and preeclampsia (OR 10.4;95% CI 7.3 15.0) (Table 1). Women who died were more likely to havean ICD-9 diagnosis indicating significant medical intervention in-cluding cesarean delivery (OR 10.2; 95% CI 6.8-15.3) and hysterec-tomy (OR 243.5 95% CI 154.6-383.7). Interestingly, uterine rupturewas not associated with maternal mortality (OR 1.0 95% CI 0.9-1.0).CONCLUSION: This study supports the well known association betweenrace and maternal mortality, with a disproportionate number of blackwomen incurring mortality at time of delivery and identifies maternalco-morbidities associated with maternal mortality. When risk mark-ers for maternal mortality are identified, systems can be developed toprovide more effective and efficient obstetrical care.

www.AJOG.org Epidemiology, Infectious Disease, Intrapartum Fetal Assessment, Operative Obstetrics, Obstetric Quality & Safety, Public Health-Global Health PosterSessionIV

Supplement to JANUARY 2012 American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology S259