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A Comparative Study of UMTS (WCDMA) and cdma2000 NetworksNeerav Dalal Award Solutions, Inc. www.awardsolutions.com IEEE METROCON-2001Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Outlinel Current
scene of Cellular Wireless l 3G Technology Landscape l Comparative Study Network Architecture Air Interface Network Interfaces End-to-End Service Flow
l Beyond
3G l SummaryAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Evolution of Wireless Technologies1st Generation (1G) Analog-based cellular technology Services Voice Introduction of digital technologies Services Voice Low-rate data Next generation digital systems Services Voice High speed data servicesAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
2nd Generation (2G)
3rd Generation (3G)
2G TechnologiesAMPSOperating Spectrum Frequency Channel Width Users Per Channel Channel Separation Network Architecture 800 MHz
D-AMPS800 & 1900 MHz
GSM
CDMA
900 & 1800 MHz (Europe) 800 & 1900 800 & 1900 MHz (US) MHz
30 kHz 1 Frequency IS-41
30 kHz 3 Frequency and Time IS-41
200 kHz 8 Frequency and Time GSM-MAP
1.25 MHz About 20 Frequency and Code IS-41
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
GSM Network ArchitecturePSTN MSC/VLRHLR
SS7 MSC
GSM PLMN BSS BTS
A InterfaceBSC
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
IS-95-Based 2G NetworkCDMA (IS-95) Proprietary IS-634 (IOS)VLR
BSC MSC BSC IWFPSTN IS-41 SS7HLR
AC
InternetAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
2G LimitationsCapacity
Uni-service network
Limited roaming capabilities
Bandwidth 14.4-64 Kbps
Limited support for packet dataAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
No multimedia
3G Requirementsl Radio
Network requirements
Support up to 2 Mbps data rates Support flexible operating environments High spectral efficiency/capacity Support multimedia services
l Core
Network requirements
Packet Data Network and IP Mobility Global Roaming Virtual Home Environment Quality of Service Interoperability with 2G NetworksAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
3G Network ArchitectureInternet PSTN
PS-CN RAN
CS-CN
UIM
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
IP Mobilityl l l
Ability to move with an IP address while the connection using the IP address is active IP Mobility may be provided by a combination of RAN mobility and CN mobility Radio Access Network IP mobility Handoff/handover Cell selection/reselection
l
Core Network IP mobility Mobile IP, GPRS
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Always ConnectedLogical Connections remain intact
RAN
Application Logical Connection CN Logical Connection RAN Physical Connection Physical Connection comes and goes
Wireless Core Network
Servicese-mail
IPCC TV
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Circuit Core Network
Services NetworkIS-41/MAP PSTNIntelligent Network
MSC
Gateway Call Server IP Telephony Services Customer Relationship Management PDSN
Location Based Services
CS
IP NetworkM Commerce Push Services
BTS
BSC RAN
PS
Packet Core Network
Billing
Services NetworkAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Enterprise Services
3G Technology Landscape1G 2G GSMAMPS
IS-136 D-AMPS
IS-95A / B
2.5G
GPRS/EDGE
Voice: IS-136 Data: EDGE
Voice: GSM Data: GPRS
IS-2000 (1x) IS-2000 (3x)
3G
UMTS
?
UMTS
FDMA
TDMAAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
CDMA
GSM GPRSSummary of ChangesNew Modification No Changes Packet Core Network Nodes (SGSN, GGSN) New Interface Gb (BSC SGSN) BSC Hardware and Software Circuit Core Network (MSC/HLR/AuC) Air Interface (MS, BTS) A-Interface (BSC-MSC)
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
2.5G GSM/GPRS NetworksBSS BTS BSC
A Interface
Gb InterfaceSGSN SGSN GPRS PLMN GGSN
IP
MSC/VLRHLR
SS7 MSC
Intra PLMN IP Back bone
GGSN
GSM PLMN
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
GSM/GPRS UMTSSummary of ChangesNew WCDMA Air Interface (UENode B) RAN Interfaces Iub (Node B RNC), Iur (RNC RNC) CN Interface Iu (MSCRNC & SGSNRNC) MSC and SGSN for Iu Interface Circuit Core Network (HLR/AuC) Packet Core Network (GGSN)
Modification No Changes
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
UMTS NetworksGSM
Node B W-CDMA
UTRANRNC
Iu
3G MSC/VLR
G-MSC
UE
Node B Iub Iur Node B Iub RNC
PSTN / ISDN
3G SGSN
GGSN
GPRSAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Inter net
IS-95 cdma2000Summary of ChangesNew Modification No Changes Packet Core Network (PDSN, AAA, HA/FA) New Interface (R-P) BS - PDSN Air Interface (MS BS) Network Interface (BS MSC) Core Network Nodes (HLR, AC)
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
cdma2000 Network ArchitectureCircuit Switched-CNMSC/VLR IS-41 HLR AC
RANBSC
Packet Switched-CN
AAA Server
PDSN/ FA
Private IP Network
HA
MS BTS Internet
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
W-CDMA Protocol StackUpper Layers Signaling Data User Data
Manages Radio Resources Increases reliability Controls user access to the medium
L3
Radio Resource Control (RRC) Radio Link Control (RLC)
UTRAN
Link L2 Layer Media Access Control (MAC) Physical L1 Layer
Physical Layer
Transports data over-the-airAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
cdma2000 Protocol StackSignaling SignalingUpper LayersLayer 3 IS-2000.5 Packet Data Service
Traffic
Voice Services
Circuit Data Service
Link Access Control (LAC) IS-2000.4
Link LayerMedium Access Control (MAC) IS-2000.3
Physical Layer
Physical Layer IS-2000.2
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
CDMA Physical Layer FunctionsDigital Coding Techniques Channelization Code
DownlinkUser Data
BS
Protect Data
Channel Separation
Source ID Separation
UplinkDigital Coding Techniques
Channelization Code
MS
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Bandwidth and spreadingBandwidth Spreading Channelization codes4-128 bits (1x) 4-256 bits (3x) 4-256 bits
cdma2000 1.25 MHz (1x) 1.2288 Mcps UMTS5 MHz 3.84 Mcps
3.75 MHz (3x) 3 * 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Air Interface ParametersUMTSSpreading rate Bandwidth Synchronization between cell sites Configuration 3.84 Mcps 5 MHz Asynchronous Direct spread configuration Convolutional Turbo (Parameters flexible)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
(1)
cdma20001.2288 Mcps 1.25 MHz Synchronous Direct spread (1x) Multi-carrier (3x forward link) Convolutional Turbo (Parameters fixed in the standard)
Channel coding
Air Interface ParametersUMTSModulation QPSK in both directions 10 msec for physical layer 10,20,40 and 80 msec for transport layer FDD and TDD Mode Time Switched Transmit Diversity Space Time Block Coded Transmit Diversity
(2)
cdma2000QPSK in forward BPSK in reverse 5 (for signaling), 20, 40 and 80 msec physical layer frames Only FDD Mode Orthogonal Transmit Diversity Space Time Spreading
Frame size Modes Transmit Diversity schemes
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Channelization & Source Identification CodesUMTSChannelization codes Source identification code for Sector Source identification for mobiles Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes from 4-256 bits 512 unique scrambling codes each identifying a sector (38,400 bits) Unique scrambling codes assigned by sector
cdma2000Walsh codes (same as OVSF) codes from 4-128 bits One PN code (32,768 bits) 512 unique offsets are generated using PN offsets One long PN code (242 bits). Unique offsets are generated based on ESN. Not assigned by sector
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
GPS
Asynchronous Cell Operations UTRA-FDDCDMA2000PNt2 PNt1 PNt0 PNt3 PNt5 PNt4 PNt6 PNt3 PNt7 S0 S3 S5S1-n - Scrambling codes l l
S2 S1 S4 S6 S3 S7
PNt0-n - Time offset scrambling code l l
Cell sites transmission and reception are synchronized through GPS timing Adjacent cell sites use different time offsets of same scrambling code for spreading
Cell sites are not synchronized Each cell site uses a different scrambling code for spreading
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Power ControlUMTSOpen loop Power control for System Access Forward link Power control Reverse link Power control 1500/sec 1500/sec
cdma2000 800/sec 800/sec
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
UMTS Packet data Network ArchitectureR TE MT Uu UTRAN Iu SGSN Gn GGSN Ga Ga Gp GGSN SGSN Other PLMN Signaling Interface Signaling and Data Transfer InterfaceAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Gi PDN TE
Gn
CGF
Billing System
Gf EIR
UMTS protocol modelApplication E.g., IP, PPP, OSPRelay Relay
E.g., IP, PPP, OSP
PDCP
PDCP RLC MAC UMTS RF
GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC MAC UMTS RF
UDP/IP UDP/IP AAL5 ATM L2 L1
UDP/IP L2L1
UE
Uu
UTRAN
Iu-PS
3G-SGSN
Gn
3G-GGSN
Gi
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
cdma2000 Packet Data Network Architecture5 HTTP/TCP/Others Services 4 MIP: RFC 2002 3 PPP: RFC 1661 2 IS-707: CDMAData Services
4 MIP: RFC 2002 HA
63GPP2:IOS (R-P) BSC
IP PDSN
1 IS-2000 AIR I/F
MS BTSAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
7 RADIUS
AAA RADIUS Server
Logical connection between UE and UTRAN 1. Establish RRC Connection
UMTS Call Flow2. Establish Iu Signaling Connection
3. Authentication
UTRAN
GGSN
SGSN
UE4. Attach Logical connection UE and SGSN
ATMAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
IP
Request dynamic IP address
UMTS Call Flow
5. Activate PDP Context 6. Establish Radio Bearer 6. Establish Iu Bearer 6. Establish PDP Context 7. Allocate IP Address
UTRAN
GGSN
SGSN
UE Radio Bearer8. PDP Response 9. UE can now send and receive IP datagrams
GTP
GTP
ATMAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
IP
cdma2000 call flowOrigination CM Service Request RAN Authentication Radio Link Setup R-P Session Setup IS-41
MSC
HLR/AC
BSC/ BTS
Service Connect and Synchronization Radio Channel
MS
PDSNIP Network
R-P Session Link
HA
Point-to-Point Connection Setup
Mobile IP related connection/setup (if required)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Status of UMTS standardsRelease 4 Optimization of UTRA Quality of Service Preparation for All-IP Release 99 Voice Services Emergency Calls Short Message Service Internet Access Release 5 Open Services Architecture All-IP Multimedia Subsystem All-IP UTRAN High Speed Downlink Packet Access Quality of Service
R 99
R4
R5
Developed by 3GPPAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Status of cdma2000 standardscdmaOne1x/3x RTT Proposal IS-95A/ IS-95B
cdma2000IS-2000 IS-2000A
IS-856
IS-2000B
IS-XXXX
1xEV-DO (HDR)
1xEV-DV
Developed by 3GPP2Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
2000
Proposed Auction Satellite
1800
Spectrum allocation
Terrestrial paired band
Europe and AsiaSatellite Terrestrial unpaired band
North America
2110 1885 1900 1920Terrestrial paired band
1600
2170 1980 2010Terrestrial unpaired bandAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
PCS (2G)
1400
Planned Auction (10-20 MHz)
600
800
Cellular (2G)
1000
1200
2025
2200 MHz
3G DeploymentNew Operator, New SpectrumOperator A Operator B
2G Operator, New Spectrum2G
2G3G 3G
2G3G 3G
3G
Core Network 3G
Core Network 2GAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Core Network 3G 2G Operator 3G Operator
3G Deployment2G Operator, Existing SpectrumGSM UMTS Clear some part of the spectrumGSM 200 kHz 200 kHz UMTS 200 kHz 200 kHz 1.25MHz IS-95 cdma2000
IS-95 cdma2000 Same Spectrum
l l
Shared Infrastructure (Core Network, Management Systems, Billing System) Dual Mode phone (2G and 3G)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Deployment StatusUMTSJapan Korea Europe Oct-2001 2003 GPRS Started UMTS in 2002 GPRS in trials USA UMTS Not announcedAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
cdma20002002 SKT Oct 2000 KTF Dec 2000 Not announced
2001
Major Playersl UMTS
(3GPP)
l cdma2000
(3GPP2)
Vendors l Ericsson l Nokia l Nortel l Motorola l Alcatel, Lucent, Operators l NTTDoCoMo l Vodafone,
Vendors l Qualcomm l Lucent l Nortel l Motorola l Samsung, Ericsson, Operators l Sprint PCS l Verizon, KDDI, SKT
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
3G and Beyond - UMTSAir InterfaceWCDMA (FDD)
NetworkMSC & SGSN/GGSN
TD-CDMA (TDD)
IP to RAN
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
All-IP Multimedia
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
3G and Beyond cdma2000Air Interfacecdma2000 (1x)
NetworkMSC & PDSN/AAA
cdma2000 (3x) 1x Evolution (Data Only) 1xEV-DO 1x Evolution (Data & Voice) 1xEV-DV
IP to RAN
All-IP Multimedia
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
Summary Air InterfaceUMTSTechnology (Bandwidth) Chip Rate Mode of Operation Peak Data Rate Interoperability WCDMA (5 MHz) 3.84 Mcps Asynchronous 2 Mbps GSM UMTS HandoverAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
cdma2000CDMA (1.25 MHz) 1.2288 Mcps Synchronous (GPS) 614 kbps Backward Compatible w/IS-95
Summary Core NetworkUMTSCircuit Switched Packet Switched Multimedia Global Roaming GSM-MAP MSC/HLR/AuC GPRS Based SGSN/GGSN Yes SIM Card
cdma2000IS-41 MSC/HLR/AC IETF Based PDSN/AAA/HA/FA Yes Limited (R-UIM)
Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary
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