2º eso unit 5 grammar modal verbs

UNIT 5CLEVER

QUESTIONS WITH HOW

CAN – COULD – WILL BE ABLE TO

MUST – HAVE TO

SUPERLATIVE and COMPARATIVE adjectives

Modal verbs

You must learn their meaning and you will knowhow to use them

• CAN

• COULD

• BE ABLE TO + INFINITIVE

• MAY/MIGHT

• MUST

• HAVE TO

• SHOULD /OUGHT TO

PODER (only present)

PUEDE QUE DEBER

TENER QUE …DEBERIA…(advice)

SER CAPAZ DE / PODER (all tenses)

PODER (only past)

Modal verbs

• Rules– They are followed by a verb in the base form

• I can run very fast

– They are the same for all the pronouns• She/they/I/ you could make it better

– They do not need auxiliars. They take directnegative and question forms• You can’t smoke here / Can you repeat that?

– They never combine with another modal verbs• You can’t must read**

There is one exception within these rules HAVE TO + INFINITIVE

Modal verbs

• Rules (HAVE TO + INFINITIVE )

You have to conjugate the tense Have / has + infinitive

I have to work hard everyday / she has to study more

They are followed by a verb in the base form

I have to run very fast if I wat to pass the test

They are the same for all the pronounsShe/they/I/ you could make it better

They do not need auxiliars. They take direct negative and question formsYou can’t smoke here / Can you repeat that?

You have to use the auxiliars DO / DOES +Have + infinitiveDo you have to work on Sunday?/ Does she have to clean her room everyday?

They never combine with another modal verbsYou have to must read**

CAN / COULD / BE ABLE TO

• First thing you mut know is that

– CAN is used in the present tense

I can speak three languages

– COULD is used in the past tense

I could touch my nose with my tonguewhen I was six

– BE ABLE TO is a tense wich must be conjugated.

I will be able to speak French in two years

Can, could and will be able to

• I can speak three languages

• I could touch my nose with my tongue when I was six

• I will be able to speak French in two years

These 3 examples talk about the ability of doingsomething either in the past, future or thepresent tense.

• You can go out tonight because you havefinished your homework

• They couldn’t pass the driving test yesterday

• I won’t be able to phone you tomorrowbecause I will be flying to New York

They can be used to talk about something whichis or isn’t possible in a particular situation

Can and could

Can expresses ability•I can speak English•You can’t play the guitar•Where can you play tennis?

Could expresses ability in the past tense. It is also like CAN but in

a formal way•I could touch my nose with the tongue when I was six•She couldn’t speak properly when she was 2 years old•Could you pass me the salt, please?

• Will be able to expresses ability in the future. It can be

also used with any other tense

• I will be able to arrive on time at your party tomorrow

• She won’t be able to speak properly if she doesn’tpractice

• will you be able to pass your driving exam tomorrow? Yes, I will

http://www.eslgamesplus.com/must-cant-modal-moonshot/

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=7710

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3826

MUST and HAVE TO

Must expresses a strong obligation, or the lack of it (Mustn’t)• I must wear an uniform in the school• You mustn’t use the mobile phone in the school

• It is also used to show that we are certain something is true

What would you say if I show you this picture?“He must be her brother”

And if I show you this one?“she must be her daughter”

And with this one?“He can’t be her husband”

MUST and HAVE TO

Have to is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation

• The exam has to be corrected in the classrooom

• You don’t have to eat that if you don’t want tohttp://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal2.htm

http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/exercises/eso4/4eso2007/musthaveto1.htm

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not-quiz.htm

• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation-exercise-1.html

• http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-ability-exercise-1.html

• http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal2.htm

• http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/musthaveto/exercise7.swf

• http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm• http://www.better-english.com/easier/must2.htm• http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/modals-must-have-to-

exercises.html

Questions with HOW

• How far is your house?– It’s …… kilometres

• How strict is your mother?– She is ….

• How often do you wash your hair?– I wash my hair ….

• How many people are there in your class today?– There are ….

• How much is the cinema today?– It is…

• How tall is your partner?– He/She is …

• How funny is your best friend?– He/ She is …

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

• What can we find?

• SHORT ADJECTIVES

Short, small, heavy, pretty, big…

• LONG ADJECTIVES

Expensive, intelligent, amazing…

• IRREGULAR FORMS

• Good, bad, far…

SHORT ADJECTIVES

• Long

• Short

• Fat

• Thin

• Happy

• Pretty

• Heavy

• Big

• Rare

• Noisy

• Small

• Cheap

• Light

• Fast

LONG ADJECTIVE

• Interesting• Handsome• Expensive• Intelligent

• Artistic• Aggressive• Peaceful

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

•Good•Bad•Far

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVEScompare two things

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES Compare just one thing with the rest

of things

It’s the fattest giraffe in the world!!

SHORT ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVEWe add ………adjective –er

– Fast – faster– Wild – wilder– Long – longer– Quiet – quieter

• One syllable words ending withVOWEL + CONSONANT .– Big – bigger– Fat – fatter

• One sylable words ending with Y– Heavy – heavier

– Pretty – prettier– Happy - happier

SUPERLATIVEWe add the .. adjective -est

Fast – the fastestWild – the wildestLong – the longestQuiet – the quietest

One syllable words ending withVOWEL + CONSONANT

Big – the biggestFat – the fattest

One sylable words ending with YHeavy – the heaviestPretty – the prettiestHappy – the happiest

We add ………..-ER THAN

LONG ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVEWe add……. MORE THAN

– Artistic• She is more artistic than me

– Intelligent• Elephants are more intelligent

than dogs

– Interesting• The film is more interesting

than the book

– Creative• My brother is more creative

than his girlfriend

– Peaceful• I’d like to live in a more

peaceful world

SUPERLATIVEWe add……. THE MOST

ArtisticShe is the most artistic in thefamily

IntelligentDolphins are the mostintelligent animals in the world

InterestingThis film is the most interestingI´ve ever seen

CreativeMy brother is the most creativein the school

PeacefulWhich is the most peacefulplace in the world?We add MORE ………..THAN

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6088

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6050

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=9341

• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1205

Unit 5 Vocabulary

•Do you know the name of anycomposer, writer, painter…?

Picasso , Velazquez, Lorca, Cervantes, Mozart, Vivaldi…

•Do you know if there are intelligentanimals??

Gorillas, monkeys, whales, dolphins, elephants, pigs….

• Do you consider yourself a

clever person?

A clever person is ….. Smart, astute, intelligent….

• Why?

SKILL

Paint

Write

Dance

Program

Cook

Compose

Play

Win

Sing

PERSON (noun)

Painter

Writer

Dancer

Programmer

Cook

Composer

Player

Winner

Singer

FAMOUS PERSON

Jane Austen

Venus Williams

Nelly Furtado

Ferrán Adriá

Kaká

José Carreras

William Shakeaspeare

J.K Rowling

Francisco Goya

Vincen Van Gogh

Henry Ford

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THEM ……

ADJECTIVES• Artistic

• Common

• Intelligent

• Peaceful

• Wild

• Heavy

• Rare

• Fast

• Slow

• Aggressive

• Practical

• Stupid

• Light

• Domesticated