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8/6/2019 2nd Philippine National Sanitation Summit -Presentation 8
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MasbateMasbate’’s Zero Open Defecations Zero Open DefecationProgram through CommunityProgram through Community--ledled
Total SanitationTotal Sanitation2nd National Sanitation Summit: Better Water Quality and
Safety through Improved Sanitation
9-10 July 2008Asian Development Bank Auditorium, ADB Headquarters
Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City
Edgar ViterboCountry AdvisorPlan Philippines
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its
Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for
any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
8/6/2019 2nd Philippine National Sanitation Summit -Presentation 8
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Cagayan/Isabela
Total Phase-out
End of FY08
Mindoro Occ.Phasing-in
Cebu/Camotes
Start Phasingdown by
FY09
Masbate 1Mid-Phase
NorthernSamar
Mid-Phase
WesternSamar
Mid-Phase
Eastern
SamarMid-Phase
SouthernLeyte
Mid-PhaseAgusan del
SurPhasing-in
Plan Program Units (PU) in the Philippines
Virtual PUCountry Office
Phasing-in
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What is CLTS?What is CLTS?Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a revolutionary
low-cost approach to rural sanitation:
– – hands hands - - off facilitation,off facilitation, – – community appraisal, analysis and action, and community appraisal, analysis and action, and
– no hardware subsidy no hardware subsidy
Other salient features:• Stimulating a collective sense of disgust and shamedisgust and shame
rather than knowledge of health hazards• Learn that the community is ingesting each otheringesting each other’’ss
fecesfeces• From haphazard open defecationopen defecation to a fixed point in a
covered pit that stops routes of contamination• Key success is the attitude and approach of the
facilitatorfacilitator
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WhatCLTS
cando?
WhatWhat
CLTSCLTS
cancando?do?
• The effective way to zero openzero open
defecationdefecation – Advocacy
– Capacity building
– All involved (participation)
• The approach maximizes project andprocess ownership of the community
• Mobilizes the LGU partners to re-discover its role in the sanitation
program• The national government and other
partners with the IYS 2008 campaignrecognize its potential
• Innovate new latrine designs for thefamily options
• Unlearn and understand better the artof latrine and shit (mindset)
• Enhances latrine markets (popularity)
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…… NowNow
BeforeBefore……
Program Realignment towardsProgram Realignment towardsZero Open DefecationZero Open Defecation
LatrinesLatrines
(capacity(capacity
building)building)
BehavioralBehavioral
changechangeAwarenessAwareness
raisingraising
HealthHealth
impactimpact
AwarenessAwareness
raisingraising
(capacity(capacitybuilding)building)
BehavioralBehavioral
changechange
LatrinesLatrines HealthHealth
impactimpact
Sanitation is the solution, zero open defecation is the mission…
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Latrine unit cost trend towardsLatrine unit cost trend towards
CLTSCLTSCSP 1 (Ave)
FY 1999-04
CSP 3FY 2009-14
CSP 3FY 2009-14
CSP 2 (End)FY 2004-09
CSP 2 (Start)FY 2004-09
Unit Cost
(PhP)
HardwareComponent
CostReduction
14,000
~ 5,000
Housing &Sub-structure
5,000 1,600 Min 0Min 0
65% 68%70% ~100%70% ~100%
Less: housing
Software components
ZeroHardware
Subsidy
ZeroHardware
Subsidy
Less: pit lining
CountryStrategic
Plan
TargetPriorities
Zero OpenDefecationZero OpenZero Open
DefecationDefecationPlan
FamiliesPlan & non-
Plan Families
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CLTSChallenge
s
CLTSChallenge
s
• Issue on rights-basedapproach and on-goingprograms
• Partners may not easilyyield hardware subsidy
• Extreme cases e.g., poorhouseholds along waterways where available(acceptable) option is tooexpensive
• First impression of thelearning process
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4 easy steps for rural health
workers and families4 easy steps for rural health
workers and families
uwag pagtapatinuwag pagtapatin ((offoff--setset))
Huwag pamahalinHuwag pamahalin ((simplifysimplify))
Huwag sayanginHuwag sayangin ((savesave))
Huwag pagsamahinHuwag pagsamahin ((segregatesegregate))
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Huwag pagtapatin (off-set)Locate the sanitary bowl away (min. 1-2m) fromdug pit; can be installed adjacent or insidethe house:
– Children and women can use it even during thelate nights or inclement weather conditions.
– No more fear of sanitary bowl base slab collapsing
– Walling and roofing can be saved while curtains
can be a temporary measure for privacy
– Dug pit when filled can be replaced without
disturbing the sanitary bowl position
– As an individual family latrine, the needed privacyof adolescent girls can be secured
– The dug pit can be shared with a neighbor if
needed or for the family’s second latrine
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Huwag pamahalin (simplify)Huwag pamahalin (simplify)• Dug pit: Don’t use CHB for lining, dig small
pit to preserve ground stability, if lining
needed use recycled or indigenousmaterials (i.e., drum, gulong, riprap, buhong kawayan, wood pole, culvert, sand bag,etc.)
• Concrete paving: use bambooreinforcement for base and pit cover(Ferrocement is another option), soil-cement mix as sealer to protect pit from
surface run-off• Sanitary bowl: buy your own preference, orconsult RHU or VBSI for any availablesanitary bowls available, attend sanitation
training to learn how to make one
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Huwag pagsamahin (segregate)Huwag pagsamahin (segregate)• Waste water segregation
• Sanitary bowl with minimum flushwater
• Black water only to dug pit,separate soak pit for gray water
• Effluent cleaner, not risk to watertable
• Seepage control of black water
• Recycle gray water
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HuwagHuwag sayanginsayangin (save)(save)Recover the resourceRecover the resource• When the pit is filled cover it with 6 in.
soil
• Plant ornamental plants or fruit bearingplants
• Don’t water with brackish water• Witness how shit can transform into
food, harvest for householdconsumption or sale in the market
Dig new pitDig new pit• Connect the sewage pipe and replace
the concrete cover• When the second pit is filled, harvest
the compost material from the first pit• Third pit can be dug if possible to
optimize plant’s nutrients on the firsthole
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WayWay
forwardforward
• Update next CSP with zeroopen def thru CLTS
• Strengthen partnership withLGUs and POs (all tiers) oncapacity building and advocacy
• Promote other latrine models(UDDT, VIP latrine, Bio-gas
toilet, baffled wall reactor forwet pit, etc.)
• Integrate zero open def with
other programs• Increase investment to
software components
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Thanks for listening..hanks for listening..
The most important medicalThe most important medical
advance since 1840 wasadvance since 1840 was
sanitationsanitation – – beating antibiotics,beating antibiotics,vaccines, and anesthesia (fromvaccines, and anesthesia (from
a poll in the British Medicala poll in the British Medical
Journal) Journal)
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