27 beans acute renal-failure
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- 1. Bad Beans Acute Renal Failure
- 2. 3 AM
- Mr. Henle hasnt peed all night long!
- How is UO measured? By shift or by hour? Foley or urinating on
own? Has the patient been sleeping?
- What is the trend over last 2-3 hours vs. last 24 hours?
-
- Oliguria = 400ml and discomfort is relieved, leave catheter in
place.
- If foley in place, flus with 20-30ml saline
- Consider stones or mass obstruction
- Daily weights, strict I/O
- 16. Management: Renal
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- Continuous cardiac monitoring
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- Kayexalate 15 to 30g in 50-100ml 20% sorbitol PO q 3-4 hours or
in 200ml 20% sorbitol PR q 4 hours
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- Dialysis for failed kidneys: can remove 30-60 mEq/hr
-
- Creatinine peaks within 72 hours with slow recovery over 7 to
14 days with appropriate therapy.
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- higher risk: elderly, volume depletion, >5 days, large
doses, preexisting liver disease, and preexisting renal
insufficiency.
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- Correct preexisting volume depletion and monitor drug
levels
- 17. Management: Renal
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- Treat as determined by cause of acidosis
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- Watch for co-existing hyperkalemia
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- Control is aided by restriction of dietary protein
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- Fluid overload unresponsive to diuretics
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- Hyperkalemia with K+ >6 to 8
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- Metabolic acidosis pH 35mmol/L with mental status changes,
pericarditis or seizure
- 18. Complications
- Sepsis infection (leading cause of mortality)
- Once ARF stabilizes, fluid replacement should be equal to
insensible losses (500 mL/day) plus urinary or other drainage
losses to avoid hypervolemia
- Hypertension exacerbated by fluid overload: Use
antihypertensives that do not decrease renal blood flow
(non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, cardioselective
beta-blockers, and central acting agents).
- Anemia is common, caused by increased red blood cell (RBC) loss
and decreased RBC production.
- Platelet dysfunction may occur secondary to the uremia and
present as gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
- 19. Special Cases
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- Elderly more susceptible to ARF (3.5 X more common)
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- Creatinine clearance dependent on age
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- Evolution to acute tubular necrosis more common
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- Infected uterus (e.g., Clostridium welchii clostridium
perfringens)
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- Toxemia and related obstetric complications.
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- Pregnant patients only group with a sharp drop in ARF mortality
(1.7%)
- Pediatric: Congenital anomalies (e.g., nurethral valves,
etc)