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26 FOUNTAINSWater as an element of social cohesion
TEAM MEMBERS AND CONTACT
Eduardo Costa PintoPortugalApril 13, 1981
Rua Ramada Curto, 62820-234 Almada+ 351 964 027 207+ 351 964 027 207eduardocostapinto@me.com
Nelson Bastos FerreiraPortugalSeptember 29, 1981
Rua Luís de Queiroz, 11 1d 2800-697 Almada+ 351 962 896 227nelsonf@me.comnelsonf@me.com
Pedro Campos CostaPortugalOctober 5, 1972
Rua dos Sapateiros, 44 3d1100-579 Lisboa+ 351 964 150 612pedro@camposcosta.compedro@camposcosta.com
The main problem, arising from the "social fallout of recession" and "cultural and civic
deficit raging in crisis-ridden Europe", is in our opinion the current crisis of values, that is reflected in a financial and economic crisis. We believe that the amazing amount of cheap energy that in the last decades gave way to a disconnection with the biophysics structures of the city, is also ireflected directly in the planning strategy of Lisbon through the absence of a consequent dialogue between the various stakeholders who live and govern the city..
“(...) an imense construction work of gorgeous aqueducts that will last eternally(...)”
This phrase inscribed in the Amoreiras Arch is the motto of the project "Water as an element of social cohesion", which aims to reactivate a set of 26 fountains, which are part of the ancient system of water distribution and the collective memory of city. The Aguas Livres Aqueduct, the most visible structure of this complex system, started in 1731 with the aim of solving water absence, which always afflicted the City of Lisbon, today lost its original purpose. The same happened to most fountains that were
connected to it, that ensured the water transport to lower areas of the city, and which are now framed in an urban Lisbon in constant mutation and crossed through by a big net of roads .
We see the water as a possibility to connect communities and to make this link with what are the landscape-nature structures of the city. We are also part of nature, man finds his social activities through the interconnection of activities. We want this project to rise awareness of the importance of water in the city and use that as a possibility to build up social cohesion.
The project, to be conducted in three phases, intends to reactivate the whole system through a process that encourages dialogue between residents and local authorities (neighborhood associations, parish councils, etc.), mobilizing communities around each of the fountains in order to bring back the water and the citizens to those noble spaces of the city (fig. 2).
In a first phase, is the stage for raising media attention and awareness of the
existing of the problem, through the media. Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a medium, taking place between September 12 and December 15 (only during week-ends) will be installed a network of intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing, through open-channel, that anyone can use this technology to communicate with another person and hear the soundscape of another fountain (fig. 3). Through this installation we intend to establish a new network between the system of fountains (fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between people and capturing media attention. With the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary also will be installed in each of the fountains a speaker which plays the sound of running water, currently lacking in most of these structures.The second phase will correspond to the process for mobilizing communities towards organizing themselves in order to obtain the necessary support to carry out the restoration work (fig. 4).The third and last phase, corresponds to the restoration of each of the fountains, even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that it should be possible to bring water back into the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
1
Budget and Schedule
Research and logistics
Installation 26 fountains
Civil society engagement
Fountains with water
1st PhaseResearch and logistics June - September 200 €
Installation - woki toki + speakerslogistics
August - September 1800 €
Logistics on site September - December 500 €
TOTAL 2500 €
2nd and 3rd PhaseIt will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.
It will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.
It will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.
It will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event.
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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Conceptual Plan and Public Fountains
Fig. 1 - Location plan of fountains and communication network proposal between them.
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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1. KING’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN1. KING’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 2. INNER PUBLIC FOUNTAIN2. INNER PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Terreiro do Trigo’s Square
Santo Estevao’s Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Inner Public Fountain’s Square
Santo Estevao’s Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
3. SAO PAULO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN3. SAO PAULO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 4. JANELAS VERDES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN4. JANELAS VERDES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Sao Paulo’s Square
Sao Paulo’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1848
Architect: Malaquias Ferreira Leal
Current state: no water
Doutor José de Figueiredo Square
Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1775
Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos
Current state: no water
5. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ARMADA’S SQUARE5. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ARMADA’S SQUARE 6. NECESSIDADES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN6. NECESSIDADES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Armada’s Square
Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1845
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Necessidades’ Square
Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1747
Architect: Manuel C. de Sousa (atribuído)
Current state: water
7. JUNQUEIRA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN7. JUNQUEIRA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 8. BOA HORA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN8. BOA HORA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Junqueira’s Street
Alcantara’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1821
Architect: Honorato José Correia de Macedo e Sá
Current state: no water
Calhariz’s New Street
Ajuda’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1838
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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9. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF MASTRO’S SQUARE9. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF MASTRO’S SQUARE 10. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF CARMO’S SQUARE10. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF CARMO’S SQUARE
Mastro’s Square
Pena’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1848
Architect: Malaquias Ferreira LealSculptor: Alexandre Gomes
Current state: water
Carmo’s Square
Sacramento’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1769
Architect: Miguel Ângelo de Blasco(atribuído)
Current state: water
11. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF PRINCESA’S SQUARE11. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF PRINCESA’S SQUARE 12. FORMOSA STREET’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN12. FORMOSA STREET’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Princesa’s Square (Pedrouços)
S. Maria de Belem’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1851
Architects: Malaquias Ferreira Leal,Félix José da Costa
Current state: no water
Seculo’s Street
Santa Catarina’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1762
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Current state: no water
13. MAE DE AGUA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN13. MAE DE AGUA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 14. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF FLORES’ SQUARE14. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF FLORES’ SQUARE
Mae de Agua’s Street
Sao Jose’s Civil ParishConstruction date: XVIIIth century
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Flores’ Square
Merces’ Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
15. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF RATO’S SQUARE15. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF RATO’S SQUARE 16. FONTE SANTA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN16. FONTE SANTA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Rato’s Square
Sao Mamede’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1754
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Current state: no water
Possidonio da Silva Street
Prazeres’ Civil ParishConstruction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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17. ARCO CAVALHAO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN17. ARCO CAVALHAO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 18. PENHA DE FRANCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN18. PENHA DE FRANCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Arco do Carvalhao’s Street
Campolide’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1823
Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos
Current state: no water
Penha de Franca’s Square
Penha de Franca’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1870
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
19. CONVALESCENCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN19. CONVALESCENCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 20. LARANJEIRAS’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN20. LARANJEIRAS’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Benfica’s Road
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1817
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Laranjeiras’ Square
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1791
Architect: Manuel dos Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas
Current state: no water
21. BENFICA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN21. BENFICA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 22. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ANDALUZ’S SQUARE22. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ANDALUZ’S SQUARE
Benfica’s Road
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1788
Architect: Manuel dos Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas
Current state: no water
Andaluz’s Square
Coracao de Jesus’ Civil ParishConstruction date: 1336
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
23. S. SEBASTIAO DA PEDREIRA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN23. S. SEBASTIAO DA PEDREIRA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 24. ENTRE-CAMPOS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN24. ENTRE-CAMPOS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
S. Sebastiao da Pedreira’s Street
S. Sebastiao Pedreira’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1791
Architect: Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas
Current state: no water
Entrecampos’ Street
Alvalade’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1851
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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25. MOURAS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN25. MOURAS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN 26. ESPERANCA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN26. ESPERANCA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Correio-Mor’s Square
Lumiar’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1815
Architect: José Therésio Michelotti
Current state: water
D. Carlos I Avenue
Santos-o-Velho’s Civil ParishConstruction date: 1768
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Current state: no water
Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain - Case Study
Fig. 2 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain in 1904.
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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1st Phase
Fig. 3 - Installation of intercoms and speakers concerning the first phase.
In a first phase, is the stage for raising media attention and awareness of the existing of the problem, through the media. Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a medium, taking place between September 12 and December 15 (only during week-ends) will be installed a network of intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing, through open-channel, that anyone can use this technology to communicate with another person and hear the soundscape of another fountain (fig. 3). Through this installation we intend to establish a new network between the system of fountains (fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between people and capturing media attention. With the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary also will be installed in each of the fountains a speaker which plays the sound of running water, currently lacking in most of these structures.
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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2nd Phase
Fig. 4 - Participatory process organized by the residents' association during the second phase.
The second phase will correspond to the process for mobilizing communities towards organizing themselves in order to obtain the necessary support to carry out the restoration work (fig. 4).
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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3rd Phase
Fig. 5 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain after completing the reactivation process.
The third and last phase, corresponds to the restoration of each of the fountains, even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that it should be possible to bring water back into the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
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Bibliography
Caetano, Joaquim O.; "Chafariz, Bicas e Poços", in Santana, Francisco; Sucena, Eduardo; Dicionário da História de Lisboa, Lisboa, Carlos Quintas e Associados, 1994, pp. 268 - 270
Viegas, Inês, M.; Dias, Luísa C.; Lisboa e o Aqueduto - Lisbon and the Aqueduct, Lisboa, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1997, pp. 101
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