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GUIDANCE AND GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELINGCOUNSELING
1. According to Ruth Strang:
Guidance is the process of helping
every individual, through his own efforts, to
discover and develop his potentialities for his
personal happiness and social usefulness.
2. According to Crow & Crow.
Guidance is assistance made available
by personally qualified and adequately trained
men or women to an individual of any age to
help him manage his own life activities,
develop his own points of view, make his own
decisions and carry his own burdens.
3. According to United States Office of Education.
Guidance is the process of acquainting
the individual with the various ways including
special training in which he may discover his
natural endowments so that he makes a living
to his own best advantage and that of society.
Need of Guidance:
Complex nature of society.
Individual Differences.
Welfare state and the individuals.
Changed industrial and educational
pattern of the country.
Changed economic patterns of the
country.
Conservation of human energy.
Basic Principles of Guidance.Guidance is a slow process.Guidance is developing the insight of an individual.Problems for which guidance is required arise out of situations,Problems are interrelated.Guidance is based on individual differences.Guidance is based on planning.Guidance is based on rigid code of ethics.
Cont…..
Guidance is related to the development of the student.
Guidance and instructional activities are complementary.
Guidance is meant for all.
Guidance is based on educational objectives.
Guidance is a specialized service.
Standard of ethics are observed.
Periodical evaluation of guidance work is done.
Objectives:
1. To make the students to discover
information about themselves.
2. To develop educational and occupational
plans.
3. To promote self concept in an individual.
4. To improve personal potentialities.
Cont….
5. To enhance forward- looking attitude in
an individual.
6. To bring in desirable changes in curricular
activities to improve educational
standards.
7. To help each individual to meet and solve
his problems as they arise.
Elements of guidance.
It focuses our attention on the individual
and not the problem.
It leads to the discovery of abilities of an
individual.
Guidance is based upon the assets and
limitations of an individual.
It leads to self development and self
direction.
It helps the individual plan wisely for the
present and the future.
It assists the individual to become adjusted
to the environment.
It assists to achieve success and
happiness.
Types
Advantages of Guidance.
1. It helps the pupil to understand himself.
2. It helps the pupil in making careful choice
of subjects and courses.
3. It enables the teacher to understand the
strengths and weaknesses of his pupil.
Cont…
4. It enables the parent to understand their
children.
5. It feeds the community with better
adjusted citizens.
6. It serves to prevent problems which may
lead to mental illness.
7. It enables the administrator to make the
best use of the energy, money, time and
resources available.
Limitations of Guidance:1. Guidance services are not well organized.
2. It is limited due to lack of personnel and other facilities.
3. There is an overdoing of psychological tests.
4. Conditions of life are too complex for any person to solve the problems of another.
5. Qualified guidance personnel may do great harm.
According to Perez (1965):
Counseling is an interactive
process conjoining the counselee
who need assistance and the
counselor who trained and educated
to give this assistance.
According to Pepinsky and Pepinsky (1954)
Counseling is that interaction which
Occurs between two individuals
called counselor and clients.
Takes place in professional setting
and
Is initiated and maintained to
facilitate changes in the behaviour of
a client.
According to Patterson:Counseling is the process
involving interpersonal relationships between a therapist and one or more clients by which the former employs psychological methods based on systematic knowledge of the human personality in attempting to improve the mental health of the later.
Purposes of Counseling
1. To give the student information on
matters important to his success.
2. To help the student in solving his
problems.
3. To establish mutual understanding
between students and teachers.
4. To help the student work out a plan
for solving his difficulties.
Cont….
5. To help the students to known his interests, abilities, attitudes etc….
6. To encourage and develop special abilities and right attitudes.
7. To assists the student in planning educational and vocational choices.
Characteristics of Counseling.
Person to person relationship.
Involves two individual.
Helps the counselor to discover and
solve his personal problems
independently.
Helps and assist properly
Establish a relationship of mutual
respect, cooperation and friendliness
between the two individuals.
Cont…..
Discovers the problem of the client and
helps him to set up goals and guide him
through difficulties and problems.
Counseling process the main emphasis
is on the counselor’s self direction and
self acceptance.
Counseling is democratic.
Steps or Phases of Counseling.
G ---- Greet the client
A ---- Ask clients about themselves.
T ---- Give information of Strategies of coping mechanisms
H ---- Help the client to choose a method.
E ---- Explain how to use a method.
R ---- Return for follow-up.
Counseling process.I. Phase-1: Establishing Relationship:
Introduce yourself.
Listen attentively.
Always address the individual by his/her name.
Ensure physical comfort.
Do not interrupt the individual while he is talking.
Observe non-verbal communication.
II. Phase- 2: Assessment:
III. Phase- 3: Setting Goals: The skills of drawing inference.
Differentiation and
Teaching individuals to think realistically.
IV. Phase- 4: Intervention:
Handling the interventions.
Knowledge of its effects.
Ability to read clients reaction.
V. Phase – 5: Termination and Follow-up:
Types of Counseling.
I. Directive counseling.Also known as Prescriptive or counselor-centered Counseling and the Steps involved.
Analysis. Synthesis. Diagnosis. Prognosis. Treatment. Follow-up.
II. Non Directive Counseling.
Also called Permissive Counseling or client centered Counseling.
The client or the counselee is the pivot.
He actively participates in the process.
Steps involved are Need. Attitude. Understand. Accept Translate. Steps.
III. Eclectic Counseling:It is the combination of Directive and
non directive Counseling
Steps involved are, Diagnosis of the cause. Analysis of the problem. Preparation of a plan. Interviewing and stimulating a
client. Proper handling of any related
problems.
Organization of Guidance and Organization of Guidance and
Counseling centre in a Counseling centre in a
school/college of Nursingschool/college of Nursing..
Purposes:
To help adolescents with normal
developmental problems.
To help individual through temporary
crisis.
To identify signs of disturbed
behaviour at the earliest.
To refer cases needing
specialist treatment.
To support tutors who
are helping individual
but who themselves
want guidance and
reassurance.
The organization setup;
For constituent colleges on the
campus.
For affiliated college at a distance.
At universities.
Members in the committee:
Dean.
Liason officer
Teacher from academic disciplines.
Parents.
Librarian.
Warden.
Medical staff.
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