2.2 The Periodic table and Chemical Properties

2.2 The Periodic table and Chemical Properties

Arrange the following shapes into a pattern of rows and columns that is logical.

Dmitri Mendeleev + VIDEO• Just like you, he searched for patterns among elements• He wrote important properties of each known element on a card and he tried to sort them out... many, many, many times

And just like you, he tried to arranged them based on their properties into rows and

columns

Dmitri Mendeleev

According to which properties do you think he

tried to arrange the elements?

Dmitri Mendeleev•Firstly, based on atomic mass (in rows)

•Then he started another row when an element with similar properties was found

Complete Think About It 2-2A Periodic

Puzzle

1. Arrange them first based on ATOMIC MASS into a

long row

2. Then find an element that has very similar

properties as the very first element (terryfoxium)

3. Put that element below terryfoxium, and repeat

the step 2 for the element next to

terryfoxium

Complete Think About It

2-2A Periodic PuzzleHINTS:

•There will be more than 3 but less than 7 columns•Some elements might be missing

•atomic mass DOES NOT have to increase from left to right (1 case)

• All form compounds with R with 1:1 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

1000˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:1 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

1000˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:2 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

300 - 400˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:1 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

1000˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:2 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

300 - 400˚C and decreasing going down the group • All form compounds

with L with 1:2 ratio• Each element can

forms a compound with itself

• B.Ps are increasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:1 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

1000˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:2 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

300 - 400˚C and decreasing going down the group • All form compounds

with L with 1:2 ratio• Each element can

forms a compound with itself

• B.Ps are increasing going down the group

• Element missing• All form compounds

with T with 1:1 ratio• Mostly non-

conductors• B.Ps are increasing

going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:1 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

1000˚C and decreasing going down the group

• All form compounds with R with 1:2 ratio

• All are conductors• B.Ps range around

300 - 400˚C and decreasing going down the group • All form compounds

with L with 1:2 ratio• Each element can

forms a compound with itself

• B.Ps are increasing going down the group

• Element missing• All form compounds

with T with 1:1 ratio• Mostly non-

conductors• B.Ps are increasing

going down the group

• All DO NOT form compounds

• ALL are non-conductors

• B.Ps are ALL negative increasing going down the group

Dmitri MendeleevHe found out (just like you) that there is a horizontal and a vertical pattern in

arranging the elements based on their

properties

Dmitri MendeleevHe also predicted (just like you) the properties and the placement of the

elements STILL YET TO BE DISCOVERED!

• a chart that organizes the elements according to their physical and chemical properties. • gives each element’s name, symbol, atomic number, atomic

mass, and ion charge(s)

The Periodic Table

the number of protons in the nucleus or the number of electrons (in a neutral atom)of each

atom of an element

Atomic Number

What is the ATOMIC NUMBER

of potassium?

What is the pattern of ATOMIC NUMBERS in the Periodic

Table?INCREASING

• the average mass of an atom of an element•Atomic mass ≈ # of protons + # of neutrons•Always written as a decimal number and measured

in amu (atomic mass units)

Atomic Mass

What is the ATOMIC MASS of

potassium?

What is the pattern of ATOMIC MASSES in the Periodic Table?

INCREASING

•an electric charge that forms on an atom when it gains or loses electrons

Ion Charge

What is the ION CHARGE of

potassium?

•an electric charge that forms on an atom when it gains or loses electrons

Ion Charge

K+KPotassium

NEUTRAL ATOM

Potassium ION

1. Did potassium lose or gain electron(s)?

2. How many electron(s)?

Ion Charge

K+KPotassium

ATOMPotassium

ION

Ion Charge• Some elements have a multiple ion

charge. •These elements can form ions in more than

one way.

QUICK CHECK1. What is the atomic mass of this atom?2. What is the atomic number of this

atom?3. What is (are) the possible ion charge(s)

on this atom?4. Did it gain or lose electrons? How many?

Workbook – page 28

The Periodic Table

The Chemical Elements

Make a table similar to thisState at Room Temperature

Appearance Conductivity Malleability and Ductility

METALS

NON – METALS

METALLOIDS

Metals

State at Room

Temperature

MetalsAll solid except…

State at Room

Temperature

Metals

Hg is liquid at

RT

State at Room

Temperature

Metals

Appearance

Shiny Lustre

Lustre = soft glow

State at Room

Temperature

Metals

Appearance

Conductivity

Good conductors of heat and electricity

State at Room

Temperature

Metals

Appearance

Conductivity

Malleability and Ductility

Both

Non - Metals

State at Room

Temperature

Non - MetalsGase

sLiquids (only Br)

Solids

State at Room

Temperature

Non - Metals

Appearance

Not very shiny

State at Room

Temperature

Non - Metals

Appearance

Conductivity

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

State at Room

Temperature

Non - Metals

Appearance

Conductivity

Malleability and Ductility

Brittle, not ductile

State at Room

Temperature

Metalloids Solids

State at Room

Temperature

Metalloids

Appearance

Can be shiny or dull

State at Room

Temperature

Metalloids

Appearance

Conductivity

No conduction of heat but may

conduct electricity

State at Room

Temperature

Metalloids

Appearance

Conductivity

Malleability and Ductility

Brittle, not ductile

GROUPS or FAMILIES

1 – 18

PERIODS or ROWS (1 – 7)

SOME GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

THE ACTUAL THE PERIODIC TABLE

The Periodic Table

INCR

EASI

NG

REAC

TIVI

TY

Where are the

following?• Atomic number

• Period• Group/Family

• Metals• Non-metals• Transition

metals• Metalloids

• Alkali metals• Alkaline earth

metals• Halogens

• Noble gases

Worksheet #1IN

CREA

SIN

G RE

ACTI

VITY

Where are the

following?• Atomic number

• Period• Group/Family

• Metals• Non-metals• Transition

metals• Metalloids

• Alkali metals• Alkaline earth

metals• Halogens

• Noble gases

Building SpectroscopeWhat is it?

A spectroscope is a device that lets us find out what things are made of. It works by taking light and splitting it up into its

component colors.

Building SpectroscopeAstronomers use powerful spectroscopes and computers to study the composition of stars and planets millions of light

years away from Earth.

Building SpectroscopeThis is what our spectroscope will look like....

State at Room

Temperature

Alkaline Earth Metals

State at Room

Temperature

Halogens

State at Room

Temperature

Noble Gases

Textbook: 58 - 59

Think About It 2-2B

Pages: 29 - 31

WORKBOOK

Date: Thursday, Dec 19

2.2 QUIZ