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PHYSICAL EDUCATIONWritten examination
Wednesday 25 November 2020 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marks
A 15 15 15B 10 10 105
Total 120
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.
• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.
Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof25pages• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions
Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice
questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.
At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2020
SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2020
STUDENT NUMBER
Letter
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 2
SECTION A – continued
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Question 1Inthecognitivestageoflearning,whatisthelearnertryingtodo?A. understandtheskillB. refinetheirperformanceC. maketheactionsautomaticD. organiseamoreefficientmovementpattern
Question 2Heartrateresponsesweretakenatregularintervalsduringa20-minutecontinuousrun.Forthetimeperiodbetweenthreeandsevenminutes,heartratereadingswerebetween110bpmand113bpm.Whichoneofthefollowingphysiologicalstatementscouldexplainthesereadings?A. TheATPresynthesisrateisfinite.B. Theanaerobicthresholdisbeingmet.C. Oxygensupplyisequaltooxygendemand.D. Thelactateinflectionpoint(LIP)hasbeensurpassed.
Question 3Whichoneofthefollowingisapsychologicalbenefitofsleep?A. improvedmotivationB. increasedstresshormonesC. decreasedimmunefunctionD. increasedperceptionoffatigue
Question 4Theadvantageofasecond-classleverisA. anincreaseintheangularvelocityofthelever.B. anincreaseintherangeofmotionofthelever.C. adecreaseintheforcerequiredtomoveamass.D. adecreaseinthemechanicaladvantageofthelever.
SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions
Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.
3 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
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Question 5 Ashortintervaltrainingsessionat90%HRmax.,withawork-to-restratioof1:8,wouldtrainwhichenergysystem(s)?A. aerobicsystemB. ATP-CPsystemC. anaerobicglycolysissystemD. ATP-CP,aerobicandanaerobicglycolysissystems
Question 6Whichoneofthefollowingadaptationswouldbeobservedintherespiratorysystemafter12weeksoffartlektrainingthreetimesperweek?A. maintainedlungvolumesB. increasedhaemoglobinlevelsC. decreasedalveolarsurfaceareaD. increasedventilationatmaximalintensity
Question 7Ahighjumperhasbeentakingpartinaresistancetrainingprogram.Theyhaverecentlyimprovedtheirperformanceby10cm.Whichoneofthefollowingadaptationsmayhavecontributedtothisincrease?A. increasedATPaseB. increasedlactatetoleranceC. increasedglycolyticenzymesD. increasedmuscleglycogenstores
Question 8Inrelationtopracticedistribution,whichoneofthefollowingpracticescheduleswouldbedescribedasthemostmassedpractice?A. 2×90-minutesessionsperweekB. 3×60-minutesessionsperweekC. 1×180-minutesessionperweekD. 6×30-minutesessionsperweek
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 4
SECTION A – continued
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Question 9Fourdifferentpracticestrategieswereusedtoimproveamovementskill.Thetablebelowgivesadescriptionofeachofthefourpracticestrategiesused.
Practice strategy Description
1 sameskillrepeatedoverandoverinonepracticesession
2 variationsofthesameskillrepeatedinonepracticesession
3 multipleskillspractisedinanyorderinonepracticesession
4 multipleskillspractisedinasetorderinonepracticesession
Thegraphbelowshowstheimprovementachievedbyusingeachpracticestrategy.
1 2practice strategy
3 40
2
4
6
8
10
12
improvement(per cent)
Improvement in movement skill according to practice strategy (per cent)
Whatisthenameofthepracticestrategythatledtothegreatestimprovementinperformance?A. massedpracticeB. blockedpracticeC. randompracticeD. distributedpractice
Question 10TheenergysystemwiththehighestyieldofATPbutslowestrateistheA. ATP-CPsystem.B. aerobicsystem.C. anaerobicsystem.D. anaerobicglycolysissystem.
5 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER
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Question 11‘Therateoffitnessgainswilldecreaseasanathletegetsclosertotheirgeneticpotential.’Whichtrainingprincipledoesthisstatementreferto?A. detrainingB. progressionC. overtrainingD. diminishingreturns
Question 12AgilityistheabilitytoA. controlequilibriumwhilemoving.B. changedirectionwhilemaintainingbalance.C. movethebodyquicklyfromonepointtoanother.D. exertamaximumamountofforceintheshortestperiodoftime.
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 6
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END OF SECTION A
Use the following information to answer Questions 13–15. Thefollowingquestionsrelatetoastudent’sperformancein100msprintsconductedduringtheirPhysicalEducationclass.Thedataforthestudent’ssprintisshowninthegraphbelow.
10
8
6
4
2
0
velocity(m/s)
0 2 4 6time (s)
8 10 12 14
Velocity versus time for 100 m sprint
Question 13Basedonthegraphabove,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthestudent’ssprintperformance?A. Thestudentranataconstantvelocityfor100m.B. Thestudentranattheirmaximumvelocityfor100m.C. Thestudentacceleratedpositivelythroughoutthesprint.D. Thestudentacceleratedpositivelyuntiltheyreachedtheirmaximumvelocity.
Question 14Theteacherprovidedthefollowingfeedbacktothestudent:‘Yourtimeforthe100msprintwas14seconds.’Whichtypeoffeedbackwasprovidedtothestudent?A. knowledgeofperformanceB. knowledgeofresultsC. proprioceptiveD. intrinsic
Question 15Thestudentaskstorunagaintobeattheirtime.Thistimethestudentusesacrouchstartratherthanastandingstart.Biomechanically,inacrouchstartthestudentwillhaveA. alowercentreofgravityandlowerangleofrelease.B. higherforceproductionandahigherangleofrelease.C. alowercentreofgravityandlowerinertiatoovercome.D. higherforceproductionandhigherinertiatoovercome.
7 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
Question 1 (6marks)Belowisanexampleofahigh-intensityintervaltraining(HIIT)program.
Frequency Intensity Work period Recovery period Type Repetitions
3×perweek 80–90%VO2max. 4min 1–3min running 4–6
a. i. Statethefitnesscomponentbeingtargetedbythetrainingprogramabove. 1mark
ii. OutlineonebenefitofHIITcomparedtolongintervaltraining. 1mark
b. i. ListtwochronicadaptationsthatoccurasaresultofusingtheHIITmethod. 2marks
ii. Explainhowoneofthechronicadaptationslistedinpart b.i.canimproverunningperformance. 2marks
SECTION B
Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 8
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SECTION B – Question 2–continued
Question 2 (10marks)
Thediagramaboveshowsthesequenceforahammerthrow.Flexibilityisanimportantfitnesscomponentinhammerthrowing.
a. Define‘flexibility’andexplaintheimportanceofflexibilityinhammerthrowing. 2marks
b. Basedonyourunderstandingoflevers,explainwhyitisimportantforahammerthrowertoreleasethehammerwithstraightarms. 3marks
9 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Plyometricsisoftenusedasatrainingmethodforthehammerthrow.
i. Inthetablebelow,designaplyometricstrainingsessionforthehammerthrow.Includetwoexercisesintheconditioningphase.Youmayusediagramstoexplaintheexercises. 4marks
Warm-up Conditioning phase Cool-down
1.
2.
ii. Giveoneexampleofhowprogressioncouldbeappliedtotheconditioningphaseoftheplyometricstrainingsessiondesignedinpart c.i. 1mark
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 10
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SECTION B – continued
Question 3 (7marks)StudentsinaPhysicalEducationclasstookpartinthefollowinglongintervaltrainingsessionforrunning.
Repetitions Sets Distance (m) Recovery time (s) Intensity (% HR max.)
3 2 500 90 80
a. Nametheenergysystemwiththegreatestcontributionduringthelongintervaltrainingsessionabove. 1mark
Twostudentsintheclass,SarahandMark,debatedthebenefitsoflongintervaltraining.Sarahbelievedthatlongintervaltrainingwouldimprovelactateinflectionpoint(LIP).Markdisagreedandclaimedthatlongintervaltrainingwouldincreaselactatetolerance.
b. Whoiscorrect–SarahorMark?Justifyyourresponsewithreferencetothelongintervaltrainingsessionabove. 4marks
c. Statethetypeofrecovery–activeorpassive–thatshouldbeundertakenaftercompletinganenduranceeventandoutlinewhythistypeofrecoverywouldbesuitable. 2marks
11 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
Question 4 (9marks)Petaisasoccercoachwhoisapplyingbiomechanicalandskillacquisitionprinciplestohelpplayersrefinetheir goal-shootingskills.Performingaqualitativemovementanalysis,Petaobservesthatwhiletheplayersaregenerallyaccuratewiththeirgoalkicking,thereisverylittlepowergeneratedwhentheystriketheball.
Withreferencetotherelevantbiomechanicalprinciples,discussthetypeoffeedbackthatPetacanprovidetotheplayerstocorrectthiserrorandrefinetheirskill.Yourresponseshouldincludereferenceto:• feedback• summationofmomentum• angularvelocity• levers.
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 12
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SECTION B – Question 5–continued
Question 5 (10marks)Datafromastudycomparinghockeyplayeractivityingamesplayedbyteamswithastandardnumberofplayersandteamswithareducednumberofplayersonthesamefull-sizedhockeyfieldispresentedinthetablebelow.
Average skill frequency for a 25-minute hockey game
Standard no. of players (11 players per team)
Reduced no. of players (8 players per team)
Skill frequency (number) Skill frequency (number)
Successful pass 6.36 8.55
Unsuccessful pass 3.36 2.46
Total passes 9.73 11.00
Skills performed under high pressure
1.82 2.64
Skills performed under medium pressure
2.64 3.45
Skills performed under low pressure
1.64 2.18
Data:EATimmerman,DFarrowandGJPSavelsbergh, ‘Theeffectofmanipulatingtaskconstraintsongameperformanceinyouthfieldhockey’,
International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching,12(5),2017,pp.588–594
a. Usingdatafromthetableabove,analysehowreducingthenumberofplayersperteaminfluencesskillpracticeopportunitiesforplayersinthegameofhockey. 3marks
b. Identifythetypeofconstraintthatreducingthenumberofplayersinagameofhockeyrepresents. 1mark
13 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Outlineoneadvantageandonedisadvantageofaconstraints-basedapproachtocoaching. 2marks
Advantage
Disadvantage
d. Withreferencetoimpulseandmomentum,explainhowahockeyplayermayimprovetheirpushpasstoresultinaballtravellingfaster. 4marks
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 14
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SECTION B – Question 6–continued
Question 6 (12marks)Waterpoloisapool-basedsportthatinvolvestwoteamsofsevenplayersattemptingtoscoregoalsbythrowingaballintotheopposingteam’snet.Awaterpolomatchconsistsoffourseven-minutequartersandtwominutesofrest.Eachquarter,playersuseacombinationofswimming,treadingwater,throwing,catchingandshootingtobeattheopposingteambyscoringmoregoals.Playersarenotallowedtotouchthebottomofthepoolorholdontothelaneropes.
Source:luca85/Shutterstock.com
Ineachquarter,awaterpoloplayer:• completesa‘swimoff’,wheretheymaximallyswim10–15mtogainpossessionoftheballandpassitbackto
teammates• swimsandmovestoapositionwheretheycanscore• holdstheirpositionagainstanopposingplayer• catchestheball,thenpropelsthemselvesoutofthewaterandshootsatthegoalnet• willrepeatseveralintervalswithlittlerestinbetween,resultinginback-to-backintenseswimsthatmaytotal
25–30seconds.
15 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – Question 6–continuedTURN OVER
a. Usingtheinformationonpage14,analysetherelativecontributionofthethreeenergysystemswithspecificreferencetofatigueandrecovery. 6marks
b. Explaintheimportanceofmaintainingrecordsoftrainingforeachwaterpoloplayer. 2marks
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 16
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SECTION B – continued
c. Drylandmuscularenduranceresistancetrainingisrecommendedforelitewaterpoloplayers.Asuggestedprogramisoutlinedinthetablebelow.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
frontsquats5sets×5reps
seatedrow2sets×20reps
heavyweightwalk
1–2reps×400m
sumosquats1set×20–30reps
push-ups5sets×5reps
tricepsdips2sets×10reps
tricepsdips1set×20reps
chin-ups5sets×5reps
Source:adaptedfromMichaelReid,WaterPoloPlanet, <www.waterpoloplanet.com/a-strength-training-template-for-water-polo-part-ii/>
Note:‘reps’standsfor‘repetitions’
Critiquetheeffectivenessofthisprogramforimprovingawaterpoloplayer’sperformancethroughthedevelopmentofmuscularendurance. 4marks
17 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
CONTINUES OVER PAGE
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 18
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SECTION B – Question 7–continued
Question 7 (10marks)
fibrediameter
(µm)
Type I fibre
Type II fibre
age (years)
musclearea
(mm2/48*)
age (years)
90
70
50
30
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Muscle cross-sectional area versus age Muscle fibre diameter versus age
60
50
40
30
20
10
60 70 80 90
Source:adaptedfromJFSignorile,Bending the Aging Curve: The Complete Exercise Guide for Older Adults,HumanKinetics,Champaign,pp.6and7
*mm2/48–correspondstothenumberofsquares(1×1mm)examined
a. Otherthanthethreefactorsshowninthegraphsabove,nameonefactorthatcanaffectmuscularstrength. 1mark
b. Usingthedatainthegraphsabove,analysetheinfluenceofageonthecross-sectionalareaandfibresizeofamuscle.Includehowthisinturnaffectsmuscularstrength. 4marks
19 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Anexampleofatrainingprogramdesignedtoimprovemuscularstrengthisshownbelow.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
weightedcircuit
resistancetraining
weightedcircuit
resistancetraining
cycling
85%of 1RM
85%of 1RM
85%of 1RM
85%of 1RM
65% HRmax.
fixedreps=6 maximumreps
fixedreps=6 maximumreps
20min
4rotations 4sets 4rotations 4sets
40srestbetween
eachstation
10srestbetween eachset
40srestbetween
eachstation
10srestbetween eachset
8stations,all lower-body exercises
all lower-body exercises
8stations,all lower-body exercises
all lower-body exercises
Keyreps–repetitions RM–repetitionmaximum s–seconds
UsingtheFITTprinciples(frequency,intensity,timeandtype),evaluatetheeffectivenessofthistrainingprograminimprovinglower-bodymuscularstrength.Usespecificexamplesfromthetrainingprogramtosupportyourresponse. 5marks
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 20
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SECTION B – Question 8–continued
Question 8 (14marks)TheIronmanTriathlonconsistsofa3.86kmswim,a180.25kmbicyclerideanda42.20kmmarathon,racedinthatorder.Racesgenerallylasteighthoursforworld-classperformers.
a. Withreferencetothelikelycauseoffatigue,discussfuelusagethroughouttheeventandhowthismayhaveanimpactonperformance. 4marks
b. Listoneacuteresponseanddescribehowitresultsinincreasedoxygenuptakeduringexercise. 2marks
21 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. TheIronmanTriathlonisusuallyscheduledtobeheldatatimewhenathleteswillnothavetocompeteinhightemperatures.
Explain,physiologically,whatoccurswhenexercisinginhightemperaturesandsuggestwhatimplicationsthiscouldhaveonanathlete’sperformance. 4marks
d. Explain,physiologically,whycarbohydratesarebeneficialfortheathleteswithinthefirst30minutesoffinishingtheIronmanTriathlon. 2marks
e. Suggestwhyanathletewouldingestproteinincombinationwithcarbohydratesafteraracetoaidrecovery. 2marks
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 22
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SECTION B – Question 9–continued
Question 9 (14marks)ThesportofskateboardingwillbefeaturedforthefirsttimeattheTokyoOlympicGames.OneofthetwodisciplinesontheskateboardingprogramattheTokyoOlympicGameswillbethestreetskateboardingcompetition.Thiscompetitionwillbeheldonastreet-likecoursefeaturingstairs,handrails,kerbs,benches,wallsandslopes.Avarietyoftrickswillbeperformed,suchasslidingtheskateboardalongthekerbsorhandrails.Competitorswillcompletetwo45-secondrunsonthesamecoursewithapproximatelyonehourbetweenruns.Theirfivebesttrickswillbescored.
a. Explaintheimportanceofbalanceforstreetskateboarding. 2marks
b. Theimagebelowshowsaskateboarderperformingatrick.
Source:homydesign/Shutterstock.com
Fromabiomechanicalperspective,describehowaskateboardercouldmanipulatetheircentreofgravity,baseofsupportandlineofgravitytoimprovestabilitywhenperformingthetrickshownabove. 3marks
23 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Identifyanddescribeone acutemuscularresponsethatwouldlikelyoccurinthefirstrunofthestreetskateboardingcompetition. 2marks
d. AttheTokyoOlympicGames,musicwillbeplayedduringtheskateboardingeventstohelpdevelopafestivalatmosphere.
StateonepsychologicalstrategythatcouldbeusedintrainingleadinguptotheTokyoOlympicGamesandexplainhowthisstrategycouldimproveaskateboarder’sperformance. 3marks
e. Explainthecontributionoftheanaerobicenergysystemstotheenergyrequirementsofcompetitorsinthestreetskateboardingcompetition.Usetheinformationonpage22tosupportyourresponse. 4marks
2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 24
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SECTION B – Question 10–continued
Question 10 (13marks)Inawomen’sgymnasticsfloor event,thegymnaststakepartinmovementsthatareperformedon asquarefloorspace.Throughoutthe90-secondroutine,thegymnastsareexpectedtomakefasttumblingpassesacrossthefloor,oftenuptofiveinaroutine,combinedwithseveralcombinationsofskillsinsuccession,suchasasprint,leap,twist,somersault,flipandhandstand,thatrequireexplosiveenergy.Thegymnaststhenrestfornomorethanafewsecondsbeforerepeatinganotherhigh-intensitycombinationofmoveslastingfromthreesecondsto20seconds.Thiscontinuesfortheentire90secondsoftheroutine.
a. Withreferencetotheintensityanddurationofthefloorroutine,andusingtheinformationprovidedabove,explaintheinterplayofenergysystemsthatprovidetheenergyrequiredforagymnasttoperformafloorroutine. 6marks
b. Incaisagymnastwaitingtocompeteinthefloorroutine.AstrategyIncauseswhilewaitingiscontrolledbreathing.
DescribehowthisstrategycouldhelpenhanceInca’sperformance. 2marks
25 2020PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM
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c. Classifytheflooreventingymnasticsasanopenskilloraclosedskillandprovidetwocharacteristicsofthistypeofskilltojustifyyourresponse. 3marks
Classification
Characteristic1
Characteristic2
d. ExplainhowNewton’sthirdlawofmotionrelatestothetake-offwhenperformingasomersaultaspartofafloorroutineingymnastics. 2marks
END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
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