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2016 ASME Power and Energy Conference
Economic Study of a Novel Geothermal ThermoElectric Generation-plus-Membrane
(G-TEG-M) System
June 26-June 30, 2016, Charlotte Session 1-7-8 Advanced Technologies for CHP Systems 2
Kevin McCabe
Southern Research
Abstract• SouthernResearchIns1tute(SRI)andNovusEnergyTechnologies
(Novus)aredevelopinganovelGeothermalThermoElectricGenera1on(G-TEG)systemwithintegratedtemperaturedrivenmembranemineralconcentra1ontechnologyforusewithlowtemperaturegeothermalbrines.ThisGeothermalThermoElectricGenera1on-plus-Membrane(G-TEG-M)concentra1ontechnologyallowsforelectricpowergenera1on,cleanwaterreclama1on,andbrineconcentra1on(withtemperaturedrivenmembranedis1lla1on)toefficientlyrecovervaluablemineralsfromlowtemperature(<150°C)geothermalsources.Thispaperwillstudythelimi1ngeconomicfactorsforthisnoveltechnologyatacommercialscale.Variablessuchasgeothermalbrinethroughput,mineralconcentra1onthresholds,capitalcostvariance,andothercri1calitemshavebeenstudiedtofindtheminimumsellingpriceoftherecoveredmineralsinaplantproducinga10%IRR.
ProjectTeam
Workperformedwithsupportfrom:
USDOEEEREAwardDE-EE0006746
Background
Source:h\p://www.carbonneutral.com/carbon-offsets/geothermal-energy
Background(cont.)• Waterispumpedundergroundandcollectedassteamorhotwater.
• Theproducedsteam/hotwaterisusedtogenerateelectricity.
• Wellswithhighertemperature(180-350°C)wouldusemoreefficienttechnologiesandachieve>10-12%efficiency(highestreported21%)
• Thecollectedwaterfromthetargetinjec1onwellsisrichinmineralsandis~100-150°C
• Couldbeusedonslipstreamoflargerplanthighertemperatureplant.
ProjectGoals• Developandvalidateathermoelectricbasedpowergenera1onsystemthatcanachievedisrup1velyhighconversionefficienciesfromlow-temperatureresources(η>5.50%@∆T=100C),toeconomicallyproducebaseloadrenewableelectricity
• Extractlithiumfromthefilteredandconcentratedbrinetoprovideaddi1onalsystemrevenueandtoincreasesupplyforthiscri1calmineral
ProcessFlowDiagram
BlockFlowDiagram
WaterResearchCenterInfrastructure
• Pilotcoagula+on,floccula+on,sedimenta+on– 6gpmIntuitech
• DiscFilter– AmiadSpinKlinArkal
technology• MembraneFiltra+on
– VibratoryShearEnhancedProcessing(VSEP)
– ReverseOsmosis• EvaporatorandCrystallizer
– Enconevaporator-submergedelectricheatexchanger
– Sen1nelcrystallizer–atmosphericorvacuum
WRCTreatabilityTes1ngInfrastructure(con1nued)
• Bioreactorpilot– Intuitech,4filtercolumnswith
associatedfeedequipment,8gpm• Adsorp+ontes+ng
– usingbioreactorcolumns• Filterpress
– PacPressplateandframe,100psi– Spaceandu1li1estobringin
technologiesforevalua1on• Pilotcoolingtower• Abilitytousepowerplant
infrastructure– Fluegasforevapora1on– Variouswaterstreams
TEGtechnology64couplemodulefabricatedwithNovushotpressedp-andn-typeBi2Te3materials
Developmentof10x10cmunitwhichis2.5xlargerthanstandardunits,producing>5.5%efficiencyforΔT>100°C,atacostof$0.40/wa\
Simulated Feed Geothermal Brines
Component Low Strength Brine
(mg/L) High Strength Brine
(mg/L) Ca 22 400 - 460
Cl 1,800 7,000 - 14,000
Li 1 20 - 22
Mg 13 60 - 230
Na 900 3,400 - 7,000
Si 2 0 - 12
SO4 63 380 - 400
Pro-formaModel• Includesconstruc1onofplant• FixedandVariableopera1ngcosts
– Chemicals,U1li1es,O&M,G&A• DebtService(10years)
– Equitycontribu1on=25%– Interestrate=8%
• IRRtarget=10%• Currentlithiumsellingprice=$6600/ton• Forpurposesofthisanalysis,itisassumedthataddi1onal
surveying/inspec1oncostsareincurredtobasegeothermalplantandnotthismineralrecoveryplant.
TechnicalBaseline/Assump1ons• Plantsize=500gpm• Inletlithiumconcentra1oninbrine=28mg/L• Inletbrinetemperature=150°C• SilicaRemoval=>80%• TEGefficiency=>5.5%
AnalysisofPlantSize
AnalysisofBrineConcentra1on
AnalysisofCapitalConstruc1onCost
WorldLithiumProduc1on&Reserves
2013 2014UnitedStates 870 W 38,000Argentina 2,500 2,900 850,000Australia 12,700 13,000 1,500,000Brazil 400 400 48,000Chile 11,200 12,900 7,500,000China 4,700 5,000 3,500,000Portugal 570 570 60,000Zimbabwe 1,000 1,000 23,000WorldTotal(rounded) 34,000 636,000 13,500,000
W=Withheldproprietaryinformation
Production Reserves
(1000’softonsperyear)
BaselinePlant(500gpm–28mg/L)=~80tons/yearlithiumcarbonateproduc1on
Source:USGSMineralCommoditySheet-Lithium
Applica1onPoten1al• AccordingtoUSGSproducedwatersdatabase306wellsintheUShavesufficientLiconcentra1ons(>28mg/L)fora500gpmplant– 135geothermal– 167conven1onalhydrocarbon– 4other
• Theproducedwaterdatabaseshows10stateshaveLiconcentra1onsgreaterthan28mg/Lwith4statesrepresentedbygeothermalwellavailability– Geothermal:California,Idaho,NewMexico&Texas– All:Ohio,Wyoming,NewMexico,Oklahoma,Texas,Alabama,Utah,California,Idaho,&Pennsylvania
NextSteps
• Integrateen1resystemfordemonstra1on• Developmentofselec1verareearthelementrecovery
• Developbe\erphysicsbasedpredic1vemodelsofindividualprocesscomponents(analyzeeffectofbrinetemperature,effectofbrineconcentra1ononmembranelife1me,etc.)
Conclusions
• Sufficientlithiumrecoveryiscri1calforplantviability(higherbrineLiconcentra1ons,higherrecoveryneeded,etc)
• Produc1onwouldnotsaturatemarket(pricestability)
• Amplepoten1alexistsfordeploymentoftechnology
Acknowledgments
• Co-Authors– JayRenew,SRWaterResearchCenter– AndyMuto,SREnergyandEnvironment– TimHansen,SREnergyandEnvironment
• DepartmentofEnergyEERE
ThankYou!
Ques1ons?
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