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112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 1
Midterm Review
Introduction to Computer Systems Engineering(CPEG 323)
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 2
Objectives of CPEG 323
Acquire solid knowledge in the analysis, design, implementation and evaluation of computer system organization with emphasis on instruction-set architecture and optimizationAcquire basic knowledge of the interaction between system software (e.g. compilers) and hardware (architecture) design
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 3
ABET Outcomes
Ability to apply knowledge of science (e.g., computer architecture and system organization, and related computer science issues), and engineering (e.g., performance analysis and benchmarking, ISA simulation and verification) Ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice Knowledge of related topics in computer science discipline
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 4
Areas of Importance
• Basics of computer organization
• Instruction set architectures
• Computer arithmetic
• System Software
• Computer performance
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 5
Basics of Computer Organization
(Chapter 1 of text + slides Topic0, 1, 1a)
• General knowledge of computing history
• Historical perspectives
- Impacts of technological changes
- Market forces
- How architecture is affected by software and applications
• Basic structure of general purpose computer
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 6
Instruction Set Architectures
(Chapter 2 of book + Slides 2, 2a, 2b, 2c. 2d)
• What is ISA ?
• Role of ISA w.r.t. hardware and software
• MIPS instruction set architecture
• Basic Steps of MIPS instruction execution
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 7
More about ISA …
4 style of ISAs: memory-to-memory accumulator machines stack machines register based ISA
General vs. special purpose regs
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 8
More about ISA …
MIPS memory model data types and sizes little vs. big endings
Register conventions MIPS operations (3 types)
instruction format and fields addressing mode assembly vs. machine representation
RISC vs. CISCCalling conventions and stack frames
caller save vs. callee save parameter passing
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 9
More about ISA …
System software and ISA role of system software tool chain: compiler, assembler, linker, etc. memory layout for C compilers runtime stack layout
Interaction between ISA and OS Privileged mode, traps, etc
Static vs. dynamic libraries
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 10
Computer Arithmetic
(Chapter 3 of book + Topics 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d,
3e)
• Number representations
• un/signed integers
• BCDs
• Two’s complement
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 11
Computer Arithmetic – cont’d
Basic ALU design
• Integer adders (ripple carry, look
ahead techniques)
• Integer multiply
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 12
Computer Arithmetic – cont’d
Real numbers IEEE-754 Representation FP Addition
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 13
Performance Evaluation
(Chapter 4 of book + Slides 4, 4a)
• Why performance evaluation ?
• Performance matrices
• Performance measurement
• Benchmarks
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 14
Performance matrices
Time-based matrices CPI MIPS and MFLOPS Hardware based matrices and weakness
112/04/20 \course\cpeg323-08F\Final-Review-323-08F.ppt 15
Performance measurement and benchmarking
Sustained and peak performance Relative performance Benchmark classes
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