View
216
Download
3
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
2013 Kentucky Trauma and Emergency Medicine Symposium
• Jointly Sponsored by;
Sampson and Goliath
Hazardous Materials Releases in Natural Disasters
We Will NEVER Forget!!!!
Financial Disclosure• I, Les Fryman, have no relevant financial or nonfinancial
relationships in the products or services described, reviewed, evaluated or compared in this presentation.
Objectives• Brief history of natural disasters in Kentucky.• Most prevalent natural disasters in recent
history.• What are the most prevailing chemicals
released in natural disasters.• Hospital preparation for these events• Hospital operations for those contaminated
patients.
How About Some Data
• Natural Hazards were the cause of approximately 16,600 Hazardous Materials Releases reported by the NRC between 1990 and 2008.
• That is 3% of all Hazardous Materials Releases that were reported.
• Rain induced were the most at 26%• Hurricanes – 20%• Winds, Storms and other weather related
phenomenon account for another 25%
Disasters
• A single natural hazard event may effect a large area and many industries• The response to the natural disaster itself may
divert resources that otherwise would be available.
• Source of data from the NRC’s Incident Reporting Information System. (IRIS)
• Natural Disasters make up 75% of FEMA declared disasters.
History of Natural Disasters
• Where does Kentucky rank in the nation as far as declared natural disasters?• #8
• Since 1953 there have been:• 56 Disaster Declarations• 4 Emergency Declarations• 6 Fire Management Assistance
Declarations
Most Prevalent Disasters in Kentucky
• Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Severe Winds, etc…
• Since 1957 – 43 Major Disaster Declarations
• From 1950-2010 – • 2,071 extreme wind
events• 26 Considered Strong
Wind Events
Zeus
Wind Storm Damage
Kentucky Severe Storm Vulnerability Score
Kentucky Hail Vulnerability Score
Most Prevalent Disasters in Kentucky
• Floods, Rockslides, and Mudslides• Since 1957 – Mentioned
in 39 Natural Disaster Declarations.
• From 1950-2010• 604 Extreme Flooding
Events• 0 Extreme Landslides
Poseidon
Flood and Landslide Damage
Kentucky Flood Vulnerability Score
Kentucky Landslide Vulnerability Score
Most Prevalent Disasters in Kentucky
• Tornadoes:• Since 1957 listed in 20
Major Disaster Declarations
• Tornado Index: • Kentucky – 136.89• U.S - 136.45
Aeolus
Tornado Damage
Kentucky Tornado Vulnerability Table
Most Prevalent Disasters in Kentucky
• Winter Storms or Snow:• Since 1957, listed in 7
Major Disaster Declarations
• 1950-2010 – • 7 Extreme Ice Storms• 25 Extreme Winter
Storms• 16 Extreme Heavy
Snow Events• 22 Extreme Winter
Weather Events
Boreas
Winter Storm Damage
Kentucky Winter Storm Vulnerability Table
Most Prevalent Disasters in Kentucky
• Fires:• Since 1957, listed in 6
Fire Management Assistance Declarations.
• 1950-2010 – • 1 Extreme Wildfire
Event• 24 Extreme heat
Events
Hephaestus
Wildfire Damage
Kentucky Wildfire Vulnerability Table
Number of Releases Associated with Various Natural Phenomena
Most Prevalent Hazardous Materials Released In Natural Disasters
Chemical Process IDLH % in Spills
Nitrogen Oxide Flare Stack Emissions
20ppm 13
Benzene Flare Stack Emissions
500ppm 8
PCB’s Dielectric and coolant fluids
0.5ppb in drinking water
5
Sulfur Dioxide Byproduct or Sulfuric Acid Production
100ppm 5
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sewer GasBreakdown of
organic material
10ppm 4
Ammonia, Anhydrous
Refrigeration systems at
storage tanks
300ppm 4
Quantity of Materials Released
• Range from drops to millions of liters. • Most spills are less than 400 liters spilled• Other spills were well over 40,000 liters. • Total volume from 1990-2008 = 29 million liters
spilled
Volume of petroleum released by Natechs, 1990-2008
Hospital Preparedness• Golden Rule with Preparedness:
• IF YOU FAIL TO PREPARE……THEN PREPARE TO FAIL!!!!
• First Receiver Programs for Hospitals• JCAHO Recommendation
• It is no longer sufficient to develop disaster plans and dust them off if a threat appears imminent. Rather, a system of preparedness across communities must be in place everyday.
JCAHO Recommendation• JCAHO requires:
• Hazards Vulnerability Analysis• Conduct a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA)• Required by JCAHO (JCAHO 2002)• Lists possible hazards (tornados to terrorism)• Impact on hospital operations• Actions to minimize likelihood, or mitigate the impact• Rank vulnerability to hazard and prioritize efforts to
reduce vulnerability• That hospitals consider their anticipated roles and coordinate
activities with other emergency response agencies and hospitals within the community.
American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE)
American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE)
American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE)
Hospital Disaster Response Plans• Components of a Hospital Emergency Disaster Plan:
• Objectives of the Emergency Plan/Disaster Plan• Definitions of Roles and Responsibilities• Central operations Center• Community Contacts• Guidelines to Emergency/Disaster Preparedness• Pre-Disaster Planning• Procedures during an emergency event• Recovery plan to resume normal operations• Disaster – Specific Scenarios• Appendix Table
Hospital Disaster Response Plan• Appendices:
• Listing of Approved Shelters• Emergency Preparedness Letter of Understanding• Generic Checklist• Personal Items to bring to work in the event of an
emergency• Communications postings and scripting• Local Contact Information• Materials Management Supplier Disaster Phone
List• Pay Pone Listing/Alternate Phone Locations
Hospital Disaster Response Plan
• Appendices:• Emergency Staffing Pay• Dependent Care• Childcare Plan Enrollment• Staffing During Emergency/Disaster Event Policy• Labor Pool Process• Disaster Preparedness Status Briefing• Red Cross Chapters• Staff Notice/Briefing• Procurement Summary Report
Hospital Disaster Response Plan
• Appendices:• Team briefing Format• Identification of Personnel• Employee Contact Information• Visitor Policy• Local Radio Station Listing• Emergency Plan Staff organization chart• Incident Command Checklist• Emergency Disaster Exemption Form• Communications
Hospital Disaster Response Plan
• Appendices:• Director’s Emergency/Disaster Checklist• Employee Emergency/Disaster Checklist• Post-Impact Assessment Form• Sleep Assignment Form• Employee Emergency/Disaster Preparedness
Handbook (for all employees to have and review)
Initial Operations• IC Announces disaster declaration• IC notifies “Mahogany” Row• IC give readiness briefing• Departments start preparation of their specific areas• Internal Communication plans in operation• Ensure computer/electronic equipment protection
measures• Activate labor pool • Activate child care plan• Prepare and send staffing plans to HR• Dismiss Team “B” for 24 hours if possible
Emergency Department• Initial procedures to get ED ready to accept patients:
• Surge Capacity• Decontamination Procedures set up and in place
“The solution to the pollution is dilution”
Summary• When natural disasters happen, the chance of
hazardous materials releases can hamper a hospitals response
• Emergency Disaster Plans need to be rehearsed and updated at all levels of the organization
• Failing to plan for your organization will ensure your plan will fail when you need it most.
Resources• Sengul, H., Santella, N., Steinberg, L. J. and Cruz, A. M.
(2012), Analysis of hazardous material releases due to natural hazards in the United States. Disasters, 36: 723–743. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01272.x
• Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2008). Fema Information. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/
• Centers for Hazards Research and Policy Development, University of Lousiville
• Schneid, Thomas D., and Larry Collins. Disaster Management and Preparedness. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis, 2001. Print
Resources
• Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1994. Print.
• Briggs, Susan M., and Michael Cronin, eds. The ABC's of Disaster Medical Response. N.p.: International Trauma and Disaster Institute, 2005. Print
• American College of Healthcare Executives. Healthcare Executives' Role in Emergency Preparedness. N.p.: ACHE, 2009. Print
Recommended