2012 8-2 Powerpoints Period 6. Organic Compounds

2012 8-2 Powerpoints

Period 6

Organic Compounds

An organic compound is a compound that contains carbon

Organic compounds can be living things or objects made by living things

Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility

Examples are plastics, fuels, and cleaning solutions 2

Hydrocarbons

By: DanielleFernanda

& Erick

• Hydrocarbon: a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. They are the simplest organic compound, and they mix poorly with water.

Fun Facts

• Hydrocarbons are flammable• The may be straight, branched or a ring

shaped • Their simplest form is methane• Used as fuel for stoves, heaters, cars, buses.

And airplanes• Also provide heat for hot air balloons,

portable stoves, and gas grills

Carbon Atoms

• Three carbon atoms= propane• Two carbon atoms= ethane

Structures of Hydrocarbons

Ian Rabenaldt, Camden Thompson, Lauren Greenlee

Forms of Carbon Chains

• There are 3 forms of carbon chains• They can be straight if the hydrocarbon has 2

or more carbon atoms • Branched arrangements form in hydrocarbons

with 4 or more carbon atoms

Structural Formulas

• Structural formulas show how atoms are arranged to create compounds.

• Structural formulas show the kind, amount, and arrangements of atoms in molecules.

• In the formulas, dashes are made to represent bonds.

Structural Formulas Cont.

• In ethane and propane, carbon atoms are bonded to at least on carbon and one hydrogen atom

• Every carbon atom forms four bonds.• Every hydrogen atom forms one bond.• Both ends of a dash are always connected to

something.

Isomers and Double Bonds

Jake Alltucker, Tristen Travalini, Gianna Brencola, and Zach Olds

Isomers

• They are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas.

• Isomers are all made of different substances and have different.

Isomers Continued

• A molecule of some isomers is a straight chain.

• Some different types of isomer molecules are a branched chain.

• In those 2 types of molecules have atoms that are arranged differently.

Double Bonds

• 2 Carbon atoms can form double bonds with itself.

• A Carbon atom can also form double bonds with an oxygen atom.

• Structural formulas represent a double bond with a double dash.

Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

By: Victor, Grace, Jose, and Alyssa

Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons are molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Saturated Hydrocarbons

• Saturated Hydrocarbons only have single bonds, so they have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms possible

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons can have double and triple bonds, so they don’t have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms possible.

Substituted Hydrocarbons and Compounds Containing HalogensSean, Jo

el, brayden

Hydrocarbon

•A molecule with only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms

Carbon bonding

• Carbons can form stable bonds with several other elements such as Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and members of the Halogen family

Substituted Hydrocarbon

• A Hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements

Replacing hydrocarbons

• In some substituted Hydrocarbons, one or more Halogen atoms replace Hydrogen atoms

Alcohols and Organic Acids

LucasJavierMatt

Jasmine

Substituted Hydrocarbons

• Contain only one carbon and hydrogen• Atoms of other elements replace one or more

hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon• Substituted hydrocarbons include halogen-

containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids

Compounds Containing Halogens

• In some substituted hydrocarbons, one or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms

• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine bromine, and iodine

Alcohols

• Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups

• Hydroxyl group is made from a oxygen and hydrogen atom.

• Dissolve well in water

Organic Acids

• Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl group

• Main ingredient of vinegar• Found in apples• Causes the stinging feeling in plants

Esters

• A compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid

• Have pleasant, fruity smells• Responsible for the smells of pineapples,

bananas, strawberries, and apples

ESTERS AND POLYMERS

By Kyle, Chris, and Percy

Esters

• Esters are made by combining an alcohol and an organic acid.• Esters smell like fruit.• Esters are found in pineapples,

bananas, strawberries, and apples.• Esters are also used in medicine such

as aspirin, and anesthetic.

Polymers

• Polymers are long chains of many smaller molecules (monomers).• Monomers are single molecules.• The prefix poly means many and the

prefix mono means one.• Polymers can be made of organic

compounds such as alcohols, and esters.

Natural and Synthetic Polymers

• Natural polymers occur in many things like wool, cotton, and silk.• Some common synthetic polymers

are polyester, nylon, and plastic.