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7/31/2019 2008CON 3D Design Practices Samuels
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2008 FIRSTRobotics Conference
3D Design & Practices
Presented by:
Bill Samuels
Designer
BAE Systems
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45 minutes on these topics
General Design Process
3D Modeling Philosophies
Best Practices in Pro/ENGINEER Tips and Tricks for Pro/Engineer
Web resources, Cool Links & Acknowledgements
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General Design Process
Define the Task
White board
Documentation
Prototype Peer Evaluation
Team Design Reviews
Build
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General Design Process
Define the Task
Defining the task establishes a clear goal or goals.
Do not confuse defining the task with a solution for the task.
An example:
A pencil and a cup resting on a desk, the task is to get the pencil in the cup. Asolution would be placing the pencil in the cup using your hand.
Using the expression placing the pencil in the cup limits the designer to thinkingthat only the pencil is allowed to move.
Keep this list of goals and or tasks as generic as possible, this allows free thinking.
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General Design Process
White boardIn conjunction with the discussion of defining the task, white boarding thoughts conveysinformation not easily expressed in words. This is also a great place to capture tasks that
will assist in keeping the group focused.
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General Design Process
Documentation
During the discussion and white boarding session it is very critical to document all
information in an engineering notebook. This assures that data and progress will not be
lost between sessions. A team scribe is recommended.
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General Design Process
PrototypeOnce tasks have been defined and solutions considered, it is time to prototype the
solutions. This can be done using pencil and paper, 2D & 3D CADD tools, and
prototype/real world mockup.
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General Design Process
Peer Evaluation
A peer evaluation can be as simple as asking the person next to you to take a look at your
design and give their thoughts. Peer evaluations should happen on a daily basis, this
affords a second set of eyes a chance to capture design flaws and possible oversights.
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General Design Process
Team Design Reviews
Once the possible solutions have been captured and critically evaluated, it is time for a
team design review. This review should explain the choices made and recommendations
for the final design.
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General Design Process
Build
Once the team has committed to a solution for the task it is time to build.
Once building has begun the team may find issues with some of the sub assembly designs.
This will require going back and modifying some of the design concepts agreed upon inearlier design phases. This is when the design process would start over for that subassembly, repeat as required until a complete solution is attained.
"Once you have a good idea (design), stay with it. Dog it. Work with it until its right!- Walt Disney
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3D Modeling Philosophies
Top Down Design
Bottom Up Design
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3D Modeling Philosophies
Top Down Design
In top down design concept a top assembly envelope is cut into
specific volumes. These volumes are assigned specific functions.
In this philosophy a specific sub assembly does not limit the top
assemblys progress. Nor does it require any specific sub assembly to
be completed first.
This does require a lead designer to be responsible for maintaining
volumes for sub assemblies and there locations and progression in the
top assembly.
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3D Modeling Philosophies
Bottom Up Design
In bottom up design concept sub assemblies are added as they are
completed and no specific area is reserved for sub assemblies.
This requires a lead designer to be responsible for maintaining the top
assembly and insure he has the latest data from each designer.
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3D Modeling Philosophies
Choice of Philosophy
Both of these philosophies can work very well, as long as the entire
team adopts the same philosophy. And just as important is thateveryone on the team assists the lead designer in capturing the loose
ends.
One of the biggest pit falls is trying to combine the two philosophies.
And the biggest pitfall is not being proactive about resolving issues
you aware of. If its not clear to you how a component works, ask. Not
asking usually leads to lost work hours, over filing and a stressful
environment.
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3D Modeling Philosophies
Part modeling philosophy
Just as in an assembly a part can be top down or bottom up. In top
down for a part you start with the smallest mass that will encompassthe whole part and remove material to add definition.
In bottom up you start with a core shape and add features to
complete the definition of the part.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Always start with a plan
Create Features Individually
Create Features in a Logical Sequence
Carefully Create Parent/Child Relationships Use Insert Mode
Use Layers
Guidelines for Good Sketcher Use
Checklist for Good Pro/Engineer Models
Guidelines for a Good Part Model Guidelines for Good Drawing Creation
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Always start with a plan
It is very important to have at least a preliminary modeling
plan or strategy in mind before modeling. This plan shouldinclude the design intent of the model. Since the plan will
undoubtedly change as the project matures, it is not necessary
to have this plan fully developed before beginning. It will be
very easy to change the wrong plan into the right plan but be
very difficult to change no plan into the right plan.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Create Features Individually
Do not create one feature that should be multiple features.
This will allow any combination of features to be suppressed ordeleted. Do not sketch multiple closed sections in sketcher.
Each closed section should be a separate feature.
For example: When creating a shaft with flanges and grooves,
create the base shaft as one feature and each flange and
groove as separate features. If the model is created as onefeature, there is an all or nothing scenario.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Create Features in a Logical Sequence
For Example: A cover may require 4 features to model
correctly.If the cover is to have a lip around the top then the clearance
holes for the fasteners that hold down the cover may have to
come after the lip feature.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Carefully Create Parent/Child Relationships
Create only the Parent/Child relationships that are necessary
for the models intent. Whenever creating a feature, alwaysclearly identify the references used to constrain that feature.
Whenever picking a reference, do so in a 3-D view. This
practice will make it easier to identify exactly what is picked.
Read the message window to validate picks, it lists what has
been picked. A set of related features should be able to besuppressed and resumed without having to also suppress or
resume unrelated features.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Use Insert Mode
Use Insert Mode before modifying or when adding features.
Especially when working on a model with complex geometry ora large feature-count. By inserting close to the desired parent
geometry, regenerating features that have no real bearing on
the modification is avoided and the model regeneration time is
reduced. When adding features, it will keep features in a
logical order and keep parent/child relationships in check.After the modification or addition is done, resume the rest of
the features.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Use Layers
Use default layers to automatically put various feature types
on specified layers. To verify that these default layers are setfor the part being worked on, either use the Layer menu in the
Model Tree or verify the layer setup in the Config.pro file. The
Layer menu will display the default layer options that have
been activated. If any of the default layers listed is not
activated, do so by editing the table. Create additional layerswith logical names that describe the features assigned to it.
They can assist in suppressing and resuming features. Keep in
mind the top assembly has every layer of every part.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Guidelines for Good Sketcher Use Use sketched centerlines and construction circles to achieve the desired
dimensioning scheme.
Do not allow any weak dimensions to remain in a completed sketch. Either add
constraints, convert the weak dims to strong or add strong dimensions tocomplete a sketch.
As a rule of thumb, keep the number of dimensions in a sketch to a maximumof eight. Where more are needed to fully dimension a feature, create datumfeatures first, then reference the datum features when in Sketcher. Thistechnique will result in a robust model and minimize future difficulties with
the Sketch. It also follows the many simple features rule to create
models. Choose references sparingly. More references mean more feature to feature
relationships that can make the model more difficult to work with as itprogresses or changes. Choose only enough references to make the modelfollow the design intent.
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Choose references that wont disappear. References like edges that disappear
when rounded or drafted, are not the best choice. Datums and planner
surfaces are better. References from the base features are more stable than
those of later features.
When redefining a sketch, use Replace (Under Edit) rather than deleting asketched entity whenever possible. Replace will give the new entity the same
entity id number as the old entity. This will result in rerouting all the children
of the old entity to the new. Note that even if you have not referenced a
sketched entity someone else (working in Pro/ASSEMBLY, Pro/PIPPING,
Pro/MANUFACTURE, etc.) might have a reference to that entity.
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Checklist for Good Models Does it use the standard configuration file?
Have the six standard views been created in the correct orientation.
Has an appropriate pictorial view for the drawing been created and named foreasy identification?
Were layers created as needed and correctly shown or blanked for the
drawing?
Are descriptive names for features assigned in the Model Tree where possible?
Have similar features been compacted by using patters and groups?
Are Geometry Checks needed (is menu grayed-out) Have the standard parameters been created and their values been entered?
Have the standard relations been created?
Does it use the proper units systems (inch/lb/sec)?
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Has the correct density or material been assigned?
Has the correct file name been assigned?
Has the correct file location for storage, backup and retrieval been validated?
Are assemblies using library fasteners whenever possible?
Have suppressed features been deleted?
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Guidelines for a Good Part ModelThe goal is to create and name features so that any other user
can readily modify them at any time. Good modeling practicesare far more important early in the modeling process than atthe end as repair work.
Accomplish this by:
Following the standards in Pro/Engineer guidelines
Using the standard Start Parts when beginning a new part
Consciously setting up your parent/child relationships Creating a simple base feature
Creating simple sketches
Not sketching rounds or fillets when avoidable
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Best Practices In Pro/ENGINEER
Guidelines for Good Drawing Creation Use the standard drawing set-up file The model should regenerate without errors or geometry checks prior
to beginning the drawing
No erased views should be kept in drawings Relate draft entities to objects or views, check for unattached text
( missing leaders) Make sure views do not overlap one another Use only projected, detail, or auxiliary views whenever possible
(avoid multiple general views)
Check for line width and text size uniformity (as in standard drawingset-up file) Use shown dimensions as opposed to created dimensions whenever
possible Delete all unused models from drawing
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Using default or created datums for view orientation
Dimensioning the part model as needed in the drawing
Creating drafts, rounds, and chamfers as late in the part model as
practical
Carefully considering the options when the above guidelines dont
make sense.
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Tips & Hints
Ways to impact text
Special Characters in a Note
Color
To Select items Search Secrets
Dimensioning
Axis Points
View Styles
Pivot Point Control Alt during assembly of items
Uncheck constraints to allow freedom
Use Lock Dims to assist in relocating items in a sketch
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Tips & Hints
Ways to impact text @s = a dim will display its symbol instead
of its numeric value when shown on adrawing. Also seeing A, B and C isbetter for family tables than seeingd1245, d1342 and d879.
@+ = superscript
@- = subscript @# = end script change @o = @o = replace the d with the letter o
of the created dimension and enter text,does not work on driving dimensions
@[ = start boxed text @] = end boxed text To control the number of digits displayed
in a table on a drawing
Create relation to name = &dim#On drawing use &name[.7] where the 7is the num of digs to display.
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Tips & Hints
Special Characters in a Note:
review the character map and locate the desired symbol,
create a note including the cross-referenced symbolsvalue, change the font that specific sysmbol.
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Tips & Hints
Color:
Create custom colors by
copying existing ones and
editing them.
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Tips & Hints
To Select Items:One by One
Use CTRL
Edge Loop:
Select Edge, Shift Select 2nd Edge
Loop Surfaces:
Select Surface, Shift - Select Edge
Seed & Boundary Surfaces:
Select Seed, Shift SelectBoundary, use control to addlast surface.
Edge From To Chain:
Select Edge, Shift Select 2ndEdge, RMB (Toggle)
Solid Surface:
Select Surface, RMB SolidSurface
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Tips & Hints
Search Secrets:
CTRL F
Components
FeaturesName
Type
Size
ID
Status
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Tips & Hints
Dimensioning:
NOTE: CONVERT STRAIGHT LINES TOCONSTRUCTION.
Perimeter:Entity(s), Convert To, Dimension
Tangent Angle:
Vertex, Entity, Entity, Place
Arc Angle:
Entity, Vertex, Vertex, Place
Arc Length:Use Perimeter Function.
NOTE: CONVERT STRAIGHT LINES TOCONSTRUCTION.
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Tips & Hints
Axis Points:Available in Internal
Sketches only
To be used for DimensioningScheme
Useful for assembly
references and in patterns
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Tips & Hints
View Styles:Blank, Wireframe,
Hidden, HLR
By Display
Multiple Styles available at once
User Activated
Visible Indication
Will impact Repaint
Performance
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Tips & Hints
Pivot Points
when copying features in
sketcher you can change the
pivot point by right clicking onit and then selecting the
desired location.
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Tips & Hints
Control Alt
Use control alt pressed at the same time to orient an item being
added to an assembly.
Control Alt & RMB to spin the item being added.
Control Alt & MMB to pan the item being added.
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Tips & Hints
Uncheck constraints to allow freedom
Rather than delete constraints, uncheck them to evaluate other
locations and orientations of an item.
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Tips & Hints
Use Lock Dims to assist in relocating items in a
sketch
Set filter to Dims, window entire sketch, RMB and hold, select lock.
Then unlock the dim controlling the location of the sketch. It can now
slide in that orientation without distorting.
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Web resources, Cool Links &
Acknowledgementswww.ptc.com/support Knowledge Base
/community Tutorials & Download
www.proesite.com Configs & Benchmark
www.ptcuser.org Exploders
www.profilesmagazine.com Pro/E E-zine
www.proengineer.com Pro/E Resources
www.mcadcentral.com Tips, Jobs, Forums
www.proe.com Tips, Forums
www.turbosquid.com/3d modelswww.mcmaster.com/ vendor items, models
www.3dcadbrowser.com models
www.3dcontentcentral.com/ models
www.mcaduser.com/ models
www.gdandt.com/quiz.htma geometric TOLERANCING quiz
www.matweb.com/search/MaterialGroupSearch.aspxmaterialsproperties page
www.cad-resources.com/ tutorials
Everything in this presentation is acompilation of exposure to all of theselinks and fellow users and theirpresentations I thank them all for makingtheir knowledge so accessible to me andYOU! I would only ask you pass onknowledge you gain to others as well.
http://www.ptc.com/supporthttp://www.ptc.com/supporthttp://www.ptc.com/communityhttp://www.proesite.com/http://www.ptcuser.org/http://www.profilesmagazine.com/http://www.proengineer.com/http://www.mcadcentral.com/http://www.proe.com/http://www.turbosquid.com/3dhttp://www.mcmaster.com/http://www.3dcadbrowser.com/http://www.3dcontentcentral.com/http://www.mcaduser.com/http://www.gdandt.com/quiz.htmhttp://www.gdandt.com/quiz.htmhttp://www.matweb.com/search/MaterialGroupSearch.aspxhttp://www.matweb.com/search/MaterialGroupSearch.aspxhttp://www.cad-resources.com/http://www.cad-resources.com/http://www.matweb.com/search/MaterialGroupSearch.aspxhttp://www.gdandt.com/quiz.htmhttp://www.mcaduser.com/http://www.3dcontentcentral.com/http://www.3dcadbrowser.com/http://www.mcmaster.com/http://www.turbosquid.com/3dhttp://www.proe.com/http://www.mcadcentral.com/http://www.proengineer.com/http://www.profilesmagazine.com/http://www.ptcuser.org/http://www.proesite.com/http://www.ptc.com/communityhttp://www.ptc.com/supporthttp://www.ptc.com/supportRecommended