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2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 1
Network Visualization by Semantic SubstratesBen Shneiderman and Aleks Aris
Presented by: Morimichi Nishigaki, Galileo Namata
(Slides borrowed from Ben Shneiderman and Aleks Aris)
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 2
Review Network Vis. Strategies
Node-link Diagrams
Force-directed Familiar Layout
Circular layout
Other Diagrams
Temporal Placement
Matrix-based
Clustering
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 3
Force-directed>30%
Familiar Layout~30%
Circular Layout~15%
Node layout strategyFirst 100 in visualcomplexity.com
Statistics on Strategies
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 4
Collection of Challenges
• What are the challenges?– C1) Basic networks: nodes and links– C2) Node labels– C3) Link labels– C4) Directed networks– C5) Node attributes– C6) Link attributes
Recurring Theme: More nodes and links = Harder!!!
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 5
C1) Basic Networks – Nodes and Links
Power Law Graph5000 nodesUniformly distributed
Power Law Graph, Linyuan Lu
Vizster, Heer et al.
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (135)
Social friendship network
3 degrees from Heer 47,471 people432,430 relations
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (97)
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 6
C2) Node Labels
• Adding labels– e.g. article title, book author, animal name– Nodes overlap with other nodes– Nodes overlap with links
Internet Industry Partnerships, Valdis Krebs
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (168) 250 nodes
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 7
C3) Link Labels
Adding Labels
e.g. Strength of connection, type of link
Challenges:
Length
Space
Belongingness
Distinction from other labels & other types of labels
Netscan, Marc Smith
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (127)
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 8
C4) Directed Networks
• Direction– arrows– labels– thickness– color
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (127)
Yeast Protein Interaction
SeeNet, Becker et al.
Source: [1] Becker et al.
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 9
C5 & C6 Node & Link Attributes
• Types:– Categorical (e.g. mammal/reptile/bird/fish/insect)– Ordinal (e.g. small/medium/large)– Numerical (e.g. age/weight)
• Values of node attributes indicated by node size and shape• Values of link attributes indicated by a letter and color
CIA World Factbook Visualization, Moritz Stefaner
Source: www.visualcomplexity.com (192)
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 10
C1~12%C4
~10%
C2~66%
ChallengesFirst 100 in visualcomplexity.com
Statistics on Challenges
C5~10%
C6~2%
C1) Basic networksC2) Node labelsC3) Link labelsC4) Directed networksC5) Node attributesC6) Link attributes
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 11
High Priority Tasks
C1) Basic NetworkT1) count number of nodes and linksT2) for every node, count degreeT3) for every node, find the nodes that are distance 1, 2,…T4) for every node, find betweenness centralityT5) for every node, find structural prestigeT6) find diameter of the network
C2-3) LabelT9) for every node/link, read the labelT10) find all nodes/links with a given label
C5-6) Attributes
C4) Directed links
Variations on T1-10: count # of nodes in each categoryT11) find links b/w nodes with deferent attribute valuesT12) find the proportion links from a node that go to each
category for every nodeT13) for a pair of nodes, find paths with the lowest costT14) find links with connection strength greater than 0.5
Variations on T1-10: shortest paths, etc.
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Two Principles
• Layout based on user-defined semantic substrates: non-overlapping regions– Group nodes into regions
• According to an attribute• Categorical, ordinal, or binned numerical
– In each region:• Place nodes according to other attribute(s)
• Adjustable sliders to control link visibility:limit clutter– Give users control of link visibility
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 13
Legal Precedent Example
• Department of Government and Politics, Univ. of Maryland– http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gypt/CITE-IT/
• Contains 2780 federal judicial cases from 1978-2005 on “regulatory takings”– Regulatory taking - a government regulates a property that the
regulation effectively amounts to an exercise of the government's eminent domain power without divesting the property's owner of title to the property.
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Before Semantic Substrates
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 15
After Semantic Substrates
• NVSS 1.0 Demo– And now to our featured presentation …– Please pardon our resolution. This is as big as
our screen gets.
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After Semantic Substrates – NVSS 1.0
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NVSS 1.0 - Edges
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NVSS 1.0 - Filter
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Supreme Vs. Circuit Court
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 20
Circuit Court Citations
9th Circuit Court
Federal Circuit Court
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 21
Other Examples: Email To & CC list co-recipients
UMD
ORGEDU
COM Female
Male
LowMedHigh
Jr
Med
Sr
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 22
Other Examples: Foodwebs
Mammals
BirdsInsects
Reptiles
Fish
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Discussion
• Advantages– Location conveys meaning, interpretable– Instant perception of
• different types of nodes• their relative number • connections between different groups of nodes
• Limitations– Beyond 5 regions becomes challenging– Constraint on nodes interferes with aesthetics
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 24
In Case You Forgot …
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 25
Now where can I get this amazing tool?
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/nvsswww.cs.umd.edu/~aris/nvss
Lab
ProjectDemo
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 26
Supplementary
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 27
Other “Semantic Substrates”
Jambalaya PivotGraph
Pretorius et al. D-Dupe
2007/4/3 CMSC734 Information Visualization 28
PivotGraph
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