View
214
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
2000-1000 BC
Annotolian PlateauSeasonal extremesDesert patches between cultivated patches
Rise of the Hittites 1800-1500 BCDominated tradeControlled iron mines
Combined farming and herdingBenefits: fertilizing, milk increase human
productivityEfficiency= pop boom, man power,
urbanizationRoles of women limited
Sex seen as sinfulWomen as diviners and healers
Can’t expand into more fertile regionsEgypt Mesopotamia
Disappears 1210 BC
The Aegean WorldSmall IslandsMountains Peninsula Peloponnese
Crete2/3 mountains Little arable landEarthquakes
Centered at KnossosHuge food storage centerOrigin of Minotaur/Labyrinth legends
Internal warfareOften destroyed by earthquakesLittle known
Linear A unreadable
Mainland GreeceTrading power
Baltic states (amber)Scandinavia (tin to make bronze)
Both civilizations abandoned by 1100 BCEarthquakesinvasions
1500 BC Hyksos invade from LibyaBecome absorbed into Egyptian cultureFinally expelledUsual fate of nomads conquering sedentary
cultureEgypt protected by desert and sea
Difficult to invadeMakes less vigilant
Sea peoples invade 1190 BCDefeated by Ramses III “The Great”Had conquered lands in Syria and
MesopotamiaDriven by famine
During same time period Harappa finally disappears
Basic dilemmaPopulation exceeds food distributionAs society crumbles, invaders take advantage
Shang culture expanded beyond bordersTechnologyTrade
Zhou further north expandConquer Shang in 1045 BCMany smaller states around ZhouZhou invent “mandate of heaven”
Transferable divine rightDynastic virture
Many small settlements fail to uniteEl Nino (1 or 2 per decade) (reversal of
current)Drown cropsDivert fish
Chavin emerges in mid elevationTrade powerAnimistic religion
Olmecs c.2000-300 BCSouthern MexicoFarming not trade
Beans, maize, squashTiered cultivation mounds
Precursors to step pyramids
Nearly all civilizations disappear by 1000 BCEgypt survives but must abandon Nubian
outposts Old Kingdom Egypt ends c. 2000 BCMiddle Kingdom Egypt ends with overthrow of
Hyksos
Recommended