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20-120-1 The Kingdom ProtistaThe Kingdom ProtistaA.A. What Is a Protist?What Is a Protist?
-Any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, -Any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or a prokaryoteor a prokaryote
-Catch All Kingdom–mostly unicellular, eukaryotes-Catch All Kingdom–mostly unicellular, eukaryotes
Euplotes
Radiolarian
Spirogyra
B. Evolution of protistsB. Evolution of protists
-First eukaryotic organisms on earth-First eukaryotic organisms on earth
C. Classification of ProtistsC. Classification of Protists
-Based on how they obtain nutrients and -Based on how they obtain nutrients and how they movehow they move
Stentor
20-2 Animallike Protists: 20-2 Animallike Protists: ProtozoansProtozoans
Four Phyla:Four Phyla:
1)1) ZooflagellatesZooflagellates2)2) SarcodinesSarcodines3)3) CiliatesCiliates4)4) SporozoansSporozoans
1)1) Zooflagellates:Zooflagellates: FlagellaFlagella Usually in aquatic environmentUsually in aquatic environment Asexual and sexual reproductionAsexual and sexual reproduction
2) Sarcodines2) Sarcodines Pseudopods (move using cytoplasmic Pseudopods (move using cytoplasmic
projections)projections) Amoeboid movementAmoeboid movement Shells of calcium carbonate or silicaShells of calcium carbonate or silica
Amoeba
AmoebaAmoeba
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
Food vacuole
Pseudopods
3) Ciliates3) Ciliates Use cilia to swim, free-movingUse cilia to swim, free-moving Internal anatomy: macro- and micronucleus, Internal anatomy: macro- and micronucleus,
contractile vacuolecontractile vacuole Conjugation: exchange genetic information, Conjugation: exchange genetic information,
not reproductionnot reproduction
Paramecium
Paramecium – (Ciliate)Paramecium – (Ciliate)
Food vacuoles
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Contractile vacuole
Cilia
4) Sporozoans4) Sporozoans Reproduce by sporozoitesReproduce by sporozoites parasitesparasites
Plasmodium
20-3 Plantlike Protists: 20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular AlgaeUnicellular Algae
A.A. Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments – help harvest light energy– help harvest light energy
B.B. 4 Types:4 Types:1)1) EuglenophytesEuglenophytes2)2) ChrysophytesChrysophytes3)3) DiatomsDiatoms4)4) DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
Acetabularia Calyculus
EuglenophytesEuglenophytes
2 flagella2 flagella No cell wallNo cell wall Pellicle (intricately folded cell membrane)Pellicle (intricately folded cell membrane) Eyespot (helps find sunlight)Eyespot (helps find sunlight)
Euglena
ChrysophytesChrysophytes
Gold-colored chloroplastGold-colored chloroplast Store food as oilStore food as oil Reproduce sexually and asexuallyReproduce sexually and asexually
DiatomsDiatoms
Cell walls with siliconCell walls with silicon GlasslikeGlasslike
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates
Photosynthetic AND heterotrophicPhotosynthetic AND heterotrophic LuminescentLuminescent Reproduce asexually (binary fission)Reproduce asexually (binary fission)
Peridinium
Ecology of Unicellular AlgaeEcology of Unicellular Algae
Phytoplankton: PhotosyntheticPhytoplankton: Photosynthetic Algal bloomsAlgal blooms
recycle wastesrecycle wastes if they die they can deprive Oif they die they can deprive O22 from the water from the water
20-4 Plantlike Protists:20-4 Plantlike Protists:Red, Brown, and Green AlgaeRed, Brown, and Green Algae
Red AlgaeRed Algae Chlorophyll a and phycobilins (blue light)Chlorophyll a and phycobilins (blue light) Can live deeper in waterCan live deeper in water MulticellularMulticellular
Brown AlgaeBrown Algae Chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthinChlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin MulticellularMulticellular LargestLargest
Fucus
Sargassum
Green AlgaeGreen Algae Chlorophyll a and bChlorophyll a and b Cellulose in cell wallsCellulose in cell walls Probably ancestors of modern land plantsProbably ancestors of modern land plants Unicellular and multicellularUnicellular and multicellular
Volvox
Unicellular Green AlgaeUnicellular Green Algae Contractile vacuolesContractile vacuoles ChlamydomonasChlamydomonas
• Reproduction: diploid/haploid generationsReproduction: diploid/haploid generations
alternation of generationsalternation of generations
Multicellular Green AlgaeMulticellular Green Algae UlvaUlva Reproduction: gametophytes and sporophytesReproduction: gametophytes and sporophytes
20-5 Funguslike Protists20-5 Funguslike Protists
Have centriolesHave centrioles Lack chitin in cell wallsLack chitin in cell walls Two types:Two types:
Slime MoldsSlime Molds Water MoldsWater Molds
Tubifera ferruginosa
Oomycota
Slime MoldsSlime Molds
Cellular – cells remain distinct or Cellular – cells remain distinct or separatedseparated
Acellular – cells fuse to form large cellsAcellular – cells fuse to form large cellsCellular: Acellular
Water MoldsWater Molds
Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in waterin water
Some are plant parasites on landSome are plant parasites on land
Ecology of funguslike protists:Ecology of funguslike protists: Beneficial function: decomposersBeneficial function: decomposers Harmful function: cause plant diseasesHarmful function: cause plant diseases
Water Molds and the Potato FamineWater Molds and the Potato Famine
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