1.Unit 1: General Conditions 1)FOT Review 2)Impacts of Technology 3)Problem Solving 4)Metrology...

1. Unit 1: General Conditions1) FOT Review2) Impacts of Technology3) Problem Solving4) Metrology

2. Unit 2: Communication Technology1) History of Communication Technology2) Types of Communication Technology3) Drawing and drawing types

1) Orthographics and Isometrics2) AutoCAD and Google Sketchup

3. Unit 3: Fuels and Engines

SEMESTER 1 EXAMTopics Covered

POLY ENGINEERING

BPI-IOT CLASSWORK 5 JAN 11 WETZEL, T. 3

REMINDER Title Blocks

POLY ENGINEERINGI1-2

FOT Review – EngineeringWhat is ENGINEERING?

Systematic application of mathematic, scientific, and technical principles to yield a tangible end product that meets our needs or desires.

What are the key words?1. Systematic application2. Mathematic, Scientific, Technical 3. Principles4. Tangible end product5. Needs or Desires

FOT REVIEW

What is Technology?– The application of knowledge, tools, and skills

to solve problems and extend human capabilities

– Performs tasks by using an artifact that is not part of the human body

Engineering creates Technology

An object made by humans for a specific purpose

FOT REVIEW

Engineering

Core Technologies

Core Technologies1. Structural2. Optical3. Fluid4. Thermal5. Biotechnology6. Electrical7. Electronic8. Material9. Mechanical

Technology Systems

SOFTBEEMM

Components:– Goals

• Humans develop technology to meet needs• Each artifact meets more than one goal

– Inputs • Resources that go into a system and are used by it

– Processes• Design Process, Production Process, Mgt. Process

– Outputs• Technological systems are designed to produce specific outputs. • Manufactured products, constructed structures, communicated

messages, transported people or goods.– Feedback and Control

• Using information about the outputs to regulate the system.

Technology as a SystemFOT REVIEW

INPUTS PROCESSES

OUTPUTS

FEEDBACKControl

System Components

FOT REVIEW

INPUTS

• Resources that go into technology:– People – planners, designers, builders, testers,

administration, investors, etc.– Information – math, science, and technical principles, etc.– Capital – $ for employees, materials, marketing, etc.– Time – to plan, design, make, market, ship, etc. – Machines and tools – manufacturing facilities, etc.– Energy – to design, construct, ship, etc.– Materials – natural, synthetic, composite

FOT REVIEW

PICTMEM

1. ModelUsed to communicate design ideas and processes. May be a small, large, or full scale model.

2. PrototypeA working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

Make Model / Prototype

Outcome: Tangible ObjectIOT

1. Safety – is the product safe to use/construct?2. Cost – is it affordable?3. Reliability – will it work consistently over time?4. Environmental Concerns – does it harm the natural or

human environment negatively? 5. Ergonomics – how efficiently can the human body utilize

it?6. Manufacturability – can it be made?7. Quality Control – does it meet customer requirements?8. Maintenance – how easily can it be maintained or

upheld?

Constraints on the Engineering Design Process

(A constraint is a limit or restriction)

SCREEMQuM

1. If Technology is…The ability of humans to combine ingenuity and resources to meet needs and wants of people

2. Then Technology Assessment is…The conscience that polices the possible impacts of applying technology

Assessing Technology

The analysis of technology should be based on facts and research rather than media hype or personal opinion.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Design Process

Define the ProblemBrainstorm, Research, Generate IdeasExplore PossibilitiesDevelop a Design ProposalMake Model/PrototypeTest and Evaluate Refine the DesignCommunicate the Solution

5 Impacts of Technology

5 Main Areas Impacted by Technology:– Social: How does it affect interdependent human

relationships?– Cultural: How does it affect the characteristic features of

everyday existence?– Economic: How does it affect the production, distribution,

and consumption of goods and services?– Political: How does it affect the government?– Environmental: How does it affect both the human and

natural environments? (aesthetics included here)

Impacts of Technology

Time Ranges:– Initial Effects– Intermediate Effects– Long-term Effects– Historical Technological Impact– Recommendation

5 Main Areas Impacted by Technology:Social, Cultural, Economic, Political,

Environmental

PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES

- DRAW A DIAGRAM- SOLVE ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS- MAKE A MODEL- CREATE A FLOWCHART- RUN A SIMULATION- TRIAL AND ERROR

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #1 DIAGRAM SOLUTION:1. Chicken crosses the river.

2. Boat returns to the other side.3. Chicken feed crosses the river.

4. Chicken and boat returns to the other side.5. Fox crosses the river.

6. Boat returns to the other side.7. Chicken crosses the river.

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #2 :

A man lived one-fourth of his life as a boy in Baltimore, one-fifth of his life as a young man in Youngstown, one-third of his life as a man in Manitoba, and the last thirteen years of his life in Thurmont. How old was the man when he died? Write down your answer.

X = X/4 + X/5 + X/3 + 13

60X = 15X + 12X + 20X + 78060X = 47X + 78013X = 780

X = 60 yearsIOT

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #2 ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION:Define the unknowns: X = man’s total age. X/4 = years as a boy X/5 = years as a youth X/3 = years as a manWrite an equation:

Solve the equation:

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #3 :

Given a stack of individual blocks as shown. How many more blocks are needed to fill the empty spaces and form a large cube? Write down your answer.

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #3 MODEL SOLUTION:

8 blocks on level three6 blocks on level two

9 blocks on level four

23 blocks were missing

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #4 : HOMEWORK

Given a stack of individual blocks as shown. If all of the visible blocks were to disappear suddenly, how many blocks would remain? Write down your answer.

POLY ENGINEERING

DRILL A: BOWLING PINS - SOLUTION

Ten bowling pins form a triangular arrangement. Move 3 pins so that the resulting triangle points in the opposite direction.

POLY ENGINEERING

DRILL B: CROSSING CLOCK HANDS - SOLUTION

On a regular clock, how many times will the minute hand and hour hand cross each other between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.?

1. Between 10:54 and 10:55 a.m.2. At 12:00 noon

3. Between 1:05 and 1:06 p.m.

The train traveled 25 mph for one hour to reach the top of the hill. Average speed is equal to total distance divided by total time. 25 miles divided by 1 hour is 25 mph. Therefore, the train traveled 25 miles to reach the top of the hill in 1 hour.

POLY ENGINEERING

PROBLEM #2 (AVERAGE SPEED): SOLUTION

The return trip down the hill is also 25 miles. Therefore, the total round-trip will be 50 miles. For the average speed to be 50 mph for the round-trip, the train must travel 50 miles in one hour, but the train already used up that hour on the trip up the hill. Therefore, it is impossible for the train to average 50 mph for the trip.

POLY ENGINEERING

DRILL A: SHADOWS – SOLUTIONDuring the day, a 25 foot tall telephone pole casts a 10 foot shadow on the ground. At that same time, a tree casts a 25 foot shadow. How tall is the tree?

This problem can be solved by setting up a ratio.

(POLE) Height / Shadow = (TREE) Height / Shadow

25 ft / 10 ft = y / 25 ft

2.5 = y / 25 ft

62.5 ft = y

10’ 25’

POLY ENGINEERING

HOMEWORK PROBLEM #1 : SPIDER & FLY

Given: A spider and a fly are in a room whose dimensions are 25 feet wide by 15 feet deep by 8 feet high. The spider is on the CEILING and the fly is on the FLOOR. If one corner of the room represents the origin (0,0,0) of an x-y-z coordinate system, then the spider is located at (20,8,-11 ) and the fly is located at (5,0,-7 ). See the given diagram.

Problem: What is the MINIMUM DISTANCE that the spider must travel to reach the fly?

POLY ENGINEERING

HOMEWORK PROBLEM #2 : SPIDER & FLY

Given: A spider and a fly are in a room whose dimensions are 25 feet wide by 15 feet deep by 8 feet high. The spider is on the FLOOR and the fly is on the CEILING. If one corner of the room represents the origin (0,0,0) of an x-y-z coordinate system, then the spider is located at (5,0,-7) and the fly is located at (20,8,-11 ). See the given diagram.

Problem: What is the MINIMUM DISTANCE that the spider must travel to reach the fly?

POLY ENGINEERING

DRILL B: Orange & Blue – Diagram Solution

100 Poly students: 75 said they were wearing orange, 95 said they were wearing blue, and 50 said they were wearing both blue and orange.

2545 5095 75

45 + 50 + 25 = 120 students, not 100, so there is something wrong with the survey.

POLY ENGINEERING

"METROLOGY is the science and art of measurement. Measurement is extracting information from nature or from devices people have engineered. It is also about the uncertainty in the extracted data, communicating it to other people in a standard way, and making them confident in our measurements by establishing traceable measurement systems.“ Copyright © 1998-2006 Newton Metrology Ltd.

You will now receive a 4-sided concise summary of the International System of Units (SI).

Read and study this summary now, as it may help you to find some answers to the homework.

POLY ENGINEERING

STANDARD - An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value

ACCURACY -the degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value

PRECISION - the degree of mutual agreement among a series of individual measurements or values

CALIBRATION - the process of establishing the relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure

TRACEABILITY - an unbroken chain of comparisons relating an instrument's measurements to a known standard

POLY ENGINEERING

BASE UNIT – A unit in a system of measurement that is defined, independent of other units, by means of a physical standard. Also known as fundamental unit.

DERIVED UNIT - A unit that is defined by simple combination of base units.

ERROR - The difference between a computed or measured value and a true or theoretically correct value.

PERCENTAGE OF ERROR - the percentage ratio of the error to the correct value of the measured parameter.

UNCERTAINTY - The estimated amount or percentage by which an observed or calculated value may differ from the true value.

POLY ENGINEERING

THE INTERNATIONAL SI SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT IS COMPRISED OF 7 FUNDAMENTAL (OR BASE) QUANTITIES.

THE ENGLISH SYSTEM, USED IN THE UNITED STATES, HAS SIMILARITIES AND THERE ARE CONVERSION FACTORS WHEN NECESSARY.

meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, etc.

foot, pound, second, Fahrenheit, etc.

POLY ENGINEERING

SUMMARY OF THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL SI UNITS:

1. LENGTH - meter

2. MASS - kilogram

3. TIME - second

4. ELECTRIC CURRENT - ampere

5. THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE - Kelvin

6. AMOUNT OF MATTER - mole

7. LUMINOUS INTENSITY - candela

Exponential Growth – LINEAR GRAPH

Exponential Growth Curve

POLY ENGINEERING

Next, use your PROTRACTOR to divide the circle into 12 equal angles of 30 degrees each.

First, you must locate the center of the circle by finding the midpoint of the given vertical line.

POLY ENGINEERING

First, you must locate the center of the circle by finding the midpoint of the given vertical line.

Next, use your PROTRACTOR to divide the circle into 15 equal angles of 24 degrees each.This is similar to the previous problem, except for the size of the angles.

POLY ENGINEERING

First, use your ruler to measure the dimensions of the rectangle.

Next, use your ruler to divide the rectangle into thirds from top to bottom, and fourths from side to side.

POLY ENGINEERING

212 100

This is the normal boiling temperature of water at sea level.

This is the normal freezing temperature of water at sea level.

This line represents any temperature on the thermometer.F C

F - 32 C - 0

212 - 32 100 - 0

F - 32 C - 0

212 - 32 100 - 0=

We can now solve for either F or C. Let’s do both!

We can set up a proportion:

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION DERIVATION

POLY ENGINEERING

F - 32

212 - 32

100 - 0=

F - 32

100Cross Multiply

100(F – 32) = 180CDivide by GCF (greatest common factor)

5(F – 32) = 9C

5(F – 32) = 9C 5(F – 32) = 9C

5(F – 32) = C9

This equation is used to solve for C when F is known.

F – 32 = 9C 5

F = 9C + 32 5

This equation is used to solve for F when C is known.

POLY ENGINEERING2-1

Telephone

T.V. Remote

Alarm Clock

Thermostat

When answering this type of question…

SOURCE of communication to

DESTINATION of communication

The large orange # refers to the test review sheet

POLY ENGINEERING2-1

INPUTS PROCESSES

OUTPUTS

FEEDBACKControl

Communication Technology

Transmitted Communication

Encoder Transmitter

Receiver Decoder Storage

Retrieval

Received Communication

Input Process Output

SOURCE DESTINATIONTECHNOLOGY

Inform Persuade Entertain Control Manage Educate

POLY ENGINEERING2-1

Telephone CommunicationOne of the simplest devices in your house

You speak into the microphone

InputProcesses

Friend hears voice

OutputEncoderTransmitter

ReceiverDecoderStorage

Retrieval

Microphone – converts sound energy of voice into electrical energy (encodes)Wires – the electrical energy travels from your phone, via exchanges, to your friend’sReceiver – friend’s earpiece speaker converts the electrical energy back to soundAnswering Machine – friend isn’t home, and this machine stores your communicationPlay Button – friend gets home, presses play, hears your recorded voice

What part of this technology system is an example of Human to Machine communication?

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

• Television (1925)– Greek: tele – far, Latin: visio – seeing – 4 main parts (cathode ray tube)– Electron gun fires 3 beams – Steering coils move electron beam across screen – Phosphorus screen has over 200,000 pixels– Glass tube holds it all together– Signals are broadcasted like radio signalsTe

sCommunication Technology

POLY ENGINEERING2-2

September 30, 2008

1. A device that changes a message into a form that can be transmitted

2. A device that sends a signal (i.e., encoded message)3. A device that acquires a signal (i.e., encoded message)4. A device that changes a coded message into an

understandable form

Decoder

Encoder

Receiver

Transmitter

Match the statements with the correct term below:

POLY ENGINEERING2-2

Communication

Knowledge

Information

Storage

1. Unorganized facts2. Organized data3. Information applied to a task4. The sending and receiving of information

Match the statements with the correct term below:

POLY ENGINEERING2-2

Last Night’s Homework - REVIEWRadio:

Pulse Modulation: turn the voltage (sine wave) on/off (Morse Code)

Amplitude Modulation: vary the amplitude (peak-to-peak) voltage

Frequency Modulation: vary the frequency (speed)

Encoder: Devices that convert sound and information into a modulated sine wave

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

– Print Graphic Communication Visual, lingual messages that include printed media

– Photographic Communication Using photographs, slides, or motion pictures to

communicate a message– Telecommunications

Communicating over a distance– Technical Graphic Communication

Specific information about a product or its partsSize and shape, how to install, adjust, operate, maintain,

or assemble a device

Classes of Communication Technology

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

– Major Processes:• Relief

– A modeled work that is raised (or lowered) from a flat background.

– Cuneiform by the Sumerians ~6000 years ago. – Wood block printing ~200 C.E.– Movable type printing ~1040 C.E. (Gutenberg ~1450)– Intaglio (in-tal-yo) ~1430– Rotary printing press ~1843

• Lithography (offset printing) ~1796– The source and destination are not on raised surfaces– Grease and water do not readily mix– A chemical process– Most modern books and newspapersPr

ation Intaglio

(in-tal-yo)

1. Depressions cut into printing plate

2. The plate is covered in ink

3. Excess ink is removed from surface

4. Paper placed on plate and compressed

5. Paper is removed and ink has been transferred

By 593 A.D., the first printing press was invented in China, and the first printed newspaper was available in Beijing in 700 A.D. It was a woodblock printing. And the Diamond Sutra, the earliest known complete woodblock printed book with illustrations was printed in China in 868 A.D. And Chinese printer Bi Sheng invented movable type in 1041 A.D. in China.

Low ReliefHigh Relief

Cuneiform

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

• Screen Printing (~1000 C.E., China; 1907 England)– Mainly billboards, package labels, fabric designs– Uses a woven mesh (a screen) to support an ink

blocking stencil. – The stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink

as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. – A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen

stencil forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.

• Electrostatic (1938 / 1960s)– Photocopier, Laser Printer– Opposite charges attract

• Ink Jet (1980s)– Use a series of nozzles to spray ink directly on paperPr

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

• Telecommunication– Communicating over a distance

Tele – Greek, “far off” Communicare – Latin, “to share”– Rely on the principles of electricity and magnetism – 2 types:

• Hardwired systems (telephone, cable, fiber-optic)• Broadcast systems (radio and t.v., mobile phones)

– Point-to-point: • One transmitter and one receiver

– Broadcast:• One powerful transmitter to numerous receiversTe

sCommunication Technology

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

– Smoke signals and drums– Chains of beacons (Middle Ages)

• Navigation signals• Enemy troops approaching

– Homing pigeons • Carrier pigeons used as early as 1150 in Baghdad• Olympic victors, Greece; Stock options, Europe

– Optical telegraph (semaphore, 1792, France)• Towers with pivoting shutters• Information encoded by the position of the

mechanical elementsTele

POLY ENGINEERING2-4

– Telegraph (mid 1830s)• First instrument used to send messages by means of wires

and electric current• A device interrupts the flow of a current through a wire• Uses shorter and longer bursts of current to represent

letters• Device at receiving end converted electrical signal into

clicks• Operator/mechanical printer converted clicks into words• Telegram – wires over land• Cable – wires under water

– Telephone (1876 – Bell and Gray)• Greek: tele – far, phone – sound

• Orthographic Projections:– Ortho: straight or at right angles– Graphic: written down– Pro: forward– Jacere: to throw“To throw straight forward and write down”

• The method of representing the exact form of an object in 2 or more views on planes (usually at right angles to each other)

POLY ENGINEERING2-9

MULTI-VIEWTY

POLY ENGINEERING2-9How are orthographic projections drawn?

MULTI-VIEWTY

POLY ENGINEERING2-9

• Reference Planes:–Frontal Reference Plane

»Front View–Horizontal Reference Plane

»Top View–Profile Reference Plane

»Side View

MULTI-VIEWTY

POLY ENGINEERING2-9

• Sectional Views– How an object looks if a cut were made through it

perpendicular to the direction of sight.– For example, if we cut the shape below at PRP 2 and

drew the shape (including its “insides”) we would have a sectional view:

SECTIONAL VIEWSTY

POLY ENGINEERING2-9

• Sectional Views– Different materials have different sectional views

SECTIONAL VIEWSTY

POLY ENGINEERING2-10

DRILLOctober 10, 2008

If point A is 2’-3” away from the FRP in the right view, point A will ALWAYS be 2’-3” away from the FRP.

AUXILIARY VIEWSTY

Which Reference Plane?HRP

ARPAuxiliary Reference Plane

The ARP shows true form (shape and size) for inclines

WSURFACE DEVELOPMENTS

ISOMETRICTY

Isometric Cube:

1) all lines equal length;

2) all faces equal area;

3) perimeter is a hexagon

• From Greek: Equal Measure– Isos: Equal– Metron: Measure

• The scale along each axis of the projection is the same• True form parallel lines are shown as parallel (note colors

below)• All isometrics: simple construction

• Latin: perspicere – to see through• An approximate representation of an image as it is

perceived by the eye. • The most characteristic feature of perspectives is that

objects are drawn:

Smaller as their distance from the observer increases

PERSPECTIVETY

• A way of showing depth, like isometric• Part orthographic / part isometric:

– One face is true form– Parallel lines behind; either:

» Full scale» Half scale» Three-quarter scale

OBLIQUETY

• Take an object and separate into individual parts• Usually employed in instruction manuals• Typically drawn in parallel projection (notice there

is no perspective in the examples below)

EXPLODED ASSEMBLYTY

• Show the interior details of a product• Often employed in instruction manuals• Assists in understanding operation of product

CUT-AWAY PICTORIALTY

• Turn in your 3-view assignment (include NAME)• Match the type of Technical Graphics below with

its type:

Isometric Section Standard View Development Perspective Oblique

Cut-away Pictorial

DRILLOctober 13, 2008

Which of the following images are parallel projections?

TECHNICAL GRAPHICSTe

1. Line Weights2. Line Types3. Dimensioning4. Scales

CLASS STANDARDSTe

Four Weights in this class:

Light: not noticeable from 2’ (nearly invisible)Medium: just noticeable from 2’Heavy: obvious from 2’ (final weight for most

objects)Very Heavy: only used for borders

LINE WEIGHTSTe

1. Construction/Layout Lines– LIGHT WEIGHT– ALL lines begin as these– DO NOT ERASE (unless there is a measuring error)

2. Guidelines– LIGHT WEIGHT– Used for LETTERING

LINE TYPESCL

3. Object Lines:– HEAVY WEIGHT– The final line type for most

objects

4. Hidden Lines:– HEAVY WEIGHT– Everything must be represented in each view, whether

or not it can be seen– Interior and exterior features are projected from view

to view in the same way– Parts not seen on the exterior of a view are drawn

with hidden lines – short DASHES

LINE TYPESCL

5. Centerlines:– MEDIUM WEIGHT– Centers of symmetrical objects, including circles– Used to locate views and dimensions

LINE TYPESCL

6. Extension Lines:– MEDIUM WEIGHT– Extend from objects – Used for dimensioning

7. Dimension Lines:– MEDIUM WEIGHT– Used for dimensioning– Go between extension lines

LINE TYPESCL

• 2 things are needed to describe an object completely:– Shape – Size

• Dimensioning: Size description– Units are required– Decimal or Fraction– Dimensions read from bottom or right side

• Include:– Extension line: begin 1/16” away from object and extend

1/16” beyond Dimension Line– Dimension line: use arrowheads, guidelines, and LETTER

DIMENSIONING

PREFERRED

QUIZ – Slide 1Te

ation 1. Write the correct name for each drawing type next to

the correct letter on your paper.

A B C D

QUIZ – Slide 4Te

ation 4. Give an example of something a designer would

scale up for drawing.5. Give an example of something a designer would

scale down for drawing.6. If a point on an object is 14’-3” away from the

frontal reference plane in the front view and 7’-6” away from the horizontal reference plane in the front view, how far away is the point from the frontal reference plane in the right side view?

7. To draw what type of drawing would designers use more than one position for any reference plane?

1. Add width of front view to width of right view (depth).

2. Add the space we will put between: 1.5”

4.5” + 2” = 6.5”

HORIZONTAL STARTING POINT

6.5” + 1.5” = 8”

3. Subtract from the total width.10” – 8” = 2”

4. Divide by 2.Horizontal Starting Point = 1”

1. Add height of front view to height of top view (depth).

2. Add the space we will put between: 1.5”

3” + 2” = 5”

VERTICAL STARTING POINT

5” + 1.5” = 6.5”

3. Subtract from the total height.7.25” – 6.5” = .75” = 3/4”

4. Divide by 2.Vertical Starting Point = .375” = 3/8”

Vertical Starting Point is 7/8”

Horizontal Starting Point = 1”

review

Thursday’s TestYou will be given the sheet below, including the

border and title block. 1. Draw lettering guidelines 1/16” 2. Complete title block3. Calculate starting point (vertical and horizontal) – NO

CALCULATOR ALLOWED

POLY ENGINEERING

• Isometrics are drawn with:– All object vertical lines are vertical– All object horizontal lines are drawn 30 degrees

from the horizontal– All lines are drawn true size

DRAWING ISOMETRICSTe

• One of the most effective ways to sketch an object pictorially is to sketch it in isometric.1. Start by sketching an enclosing box (absolute

height, width, depth) – Construction Lines2. Add in features3. Darken all final lines

onDRAWING ISOMETRICS

• Front view is typically drawn first• You must look at all views

onISOMETRICS from ORTHOGRAPHICS

Let each grid space = ½”

1. Describe an isometric view2. Prepare drawing paper3. Locate center of drawing space4. Plot starting point of drawing5. Complete isometric drawing

DRAFTING ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

1. Describe an isometric view1. Height2. Width 3. Depth

(of the front view)

onDRAFTING ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

2. Prepare drawing paper3. Locate center of drawing space

onDRAFTING ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

45 degree triangle

Construction Lines

4. Plot starting point of drawing

30-60-90 triangle

1) ½ W2) ½ D3) ½ H

Starting Point

5. Complete isometric drawing

Starting Point

review

Thursday’s TestYou will be given the sheet below, including the

border, title block, and isometric guidelines. 1. Draw lettering guidelines 1/16” 2. Complete title block3. Calculate starting point

1. Draw “X” across drawing space2. Pick the nearest intersection3. Measure down to right ½ width4. Measure down to left ½ depth5. Measure straight down ½ height

4. Each grid space = ¼”

POLY ENGINEERING

POLY ENGINEERING2-3

Absolute coordinates are based on the origin (0,0), expressed as an ordered pair x,y. All other points are also expressed in the form x,y and the values of x and y are based on the distance from the origin.

If we desire to draw a line, we must give the location of both endpoints, expressed as an ordered pair x,y where the origin is used as a reference point.

Absolute Coordinates

Communication TechnologyIntroduction to AutoCAD

Relative coordinates are not based on the origin (0,0). Instead, we use the @ symbol followed by an ordered pair x,y. This means “starting where we are AT, go over (or back) x and up (or down) y.

If we desire to draw a line using relative coordinates, we must give the location of the first endpoint (usually using Absolute coordinates), followed by @x,y for the second endpoint.

POLY ENGINEERING2-3

Polar Coordinates

Polar coordinates are used to draw lines at specific angles.

When using Polar coordinates, angles are measured according to the following tradition:

270 = -90

330 = -30

ISOMETRIC ANGLES

Polar Coordinates

Polar coordinates are used to draw lines at specific angles.

When using Polar coordinates, angles are measured according to the following tradition:

45 degrees

135 degrees

225 degrees = -135 degrees

315 degrees = -45 degrees360 degrees = 0 degrees

1.Unit 1: General Conditions 1)FOT Review 2)Impacts of Technology 3)Problem Solving 4)Metrology...

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