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1ITU Telecom ‘99
Internet Standardization and the IETF
Internet Standardization and the IETF
Fred Baker
IETF Chair
Fred Baker
IETF Chair
2ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Thoughts I would like to address
Thoughts I would like to address
• IETF History, Structure, and Procedure
Who’s who in the IETF
• Relations among standards bodies
Who does what and why
• The big problems in the Internet
Ongoing work
How we’re going to solve them
3ITU Telecom ‘99 3
IETF HistoryIETF History
4ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• Historical developer of internet-related protocols
http://www.ietf.org
Consortium of individuals from
Research,
Education,
Network operators, and
Internet vendors
5ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Changed IETF composition and roles
Changed IETF composition and roles
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46
IETF Number
Att
en
dan
ce
Actual Avg..
Vendor/International
Research/Educationprimarily US
6ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Growth of international involvement in IETF
Growth of international involvement in IETF
• Principle for placement of meetings:
“If I am doing the work, the meeting should sometimes be in my neighborhood”
• But most work is done on mailing lists anyway…
• Non-US Meetings:
1990: Vancouver
1993: Amsterdam
1994: Toronto
1995: Stockholm
1996: Montreal
1997: Munich
1999: Oslo
2000: Adelaide
7ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
USA71.6%
Other5.5%
JAPAN7.6%
Sweden1.8%
Germany1.9%France
2.0%
Canada3.1%UK4.2%
Netherlands2.2%
IETF Growth by CountryIETF Growth by Country
• December 1996
• 11 Countries
• July 1999
• 33 Countries
Japan6%
USA48%
Other 8%
Italy2%
Netherlands3%Canada3%France4%Finland4%Germany5%Norway5%
UK6%
Sweden6%
8ITU Telecom ‘99 8
IETF StructureIETF Structure
9ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
IETF structures and key forums
IETF structures and key forums
• Internet Architecture Board
• Internet Engineering Steering Group
• Working groups in eight areas
10ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
• Mission
“Supreme court” on appeals of IESG decisions
Think tank for future internet activities
• Recent activities
Really worried right now about
•End to end model of the internet
•Impact of wireless communications
11ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
• Mission
Assure open-ness and adherence to process
Working group chartering and management
“Quality assurance” on specifications
• Activities and trends
Currently drawn into a “privacy” debate
Better addressed in area activities
12ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Working groups in eight areasWorking groups in eight areas
Internet
Routing
Transport
Applications
Security
Network operations and management
User services
General
13ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
InternetInternet
• Mission
IP/foo specifications
Interface configuration and management
IP developments, mostly IP6
• 15 working groups
Interface mibs, dnsind, dhcp, ipng, IP/cable|ADSL|IEEE 1394, PPP, ion, ...
14ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
RoutingRouting
• Mission
“So how does a packet get there, anyway?”
• 17 working groups
BGMP, MPLS, MSDP, manet, vrrp, bgp, ospf, idmr, SNA...
15ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
TransportTransport
• Mission
QoS management
End to End delivery issues
Telephony issues
• 22 working groups
Diff-serv, int-serv, megaco, sigtran, audio/video, rap, ...
16ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
ApplicationsApplications
• Mission
Infrastructure applications development and extension
Historical applications
• 26 working groups
Web, LDAP, edi, nntp, smtp, ftp, telnet, calendaring, mime, etc.
17ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
SecuritySecurity
• Mission
Developing procedures and protocols to enhance security in the internet
• 15 working groups
Ipsec, pki, transport layer security, web transaction security, pgp, one time password, etc...
18ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Network Operations and Management (O&M)
Network Operations and Management (O&M)
• Mission
Making sure there is operational clue looking at the specifications and procedures
Network management (used to mean SNMP)
Making those two talk with each other
Y2k
• 20 working groups
Snmpv3, policy, various mibs, agent extensibility...
Ngtrans, year2000, mbone deployment, routing policy system, ...
19ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
User ServicesUser Services
• Mission
Provide documentation of IETF procedures to less involved communities
• 4 working groups
Responsible use of the net
Web elucidation of internet-related developments
FYI updates
User services
20ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
GeneralGeneral
• Mission
If we can’t think of another place to put it, it goes here
• 1 working group
Poisson: standing rules committee
21ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Working group summaryWorking group summary
• We have ~120 working groups
Not all currently active
• Cover support of infrastructure for the commercial IP internet
Not too worried about research network, unless they use the same technology
22ITU Telecom ‘99 22
IETF ProcessIETF Process
23ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
MembershipMembership
• IETF members are people
As opposed to nations or companies
• Communications tend to be among people
As opposed to working groups, boards, etc.
24ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Fundamental working principle
Fundamental working principle
“
”
We do not worry about presidents and kings;
We work by rough consensus and running code
Dr. David C. Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
25ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Two types of documentsTwo types of documents
• Internet Drafts
• RFC - “Request for Comments”
26ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet DraftsInternet Drafts
• Most analogous to ITU “contributions” and “working papers”
Not necessarily work items
Half of all internet drafts are simply documents people have chosen to post
• Types of draftsWorking Group documents
Submissions to working groups
Individual Submissions
27ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
RFCsRFCs
• Historical Archive
• Many kinds of documents
Informational
Historical
Experimental
Standards
• Standards
Proposed, Draft, Full
Best Current Practice
28ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Development ProcessDevelopment Process
• Bottom-up
WG charters developed to support work people want to do
• Development Process
Working groups develop
IESG reviews
RFC Editor publishes
29ITU Telecom ‘99 29
Relations among standards bodiesRelations among standards bodies
“Anyone who likes legislation or sausage should watch neither one
being made”
Baron von Bismarck
“Anyone who likes legislation or sausage should watch neither one
being made”
Baron von Bismarck
30ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Historical role of various standards bodies
Historical role of various standards bodies
• ITU-T
• IEEE
• ETSI
• W3C
• IETF
• Various marketing fora
ATM Forum
ADSL Forum
MPLS Forum
etc...
31ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• Primarily link layer LAN standards
http://ieee.org/
Especially LAN standards in 802 series
IEEE 802.1 Bridging
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Networks (Ethernet)
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Networks
32ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
• European Telephony Standards
http://www.etsi.org
GSM Telephones
WAP - Wireless Access Protocol
33ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• Primarily Web services
http://www.w3.org
Headed by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of HTML
• Developed HTML, XML, etc.
34ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
• Primarily related to telephony
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T
Consortium of
Telephone companies
Their traditional vendors
35ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
ITU-T DevelopmentsITU-T Developments
• Various connector standards
X.21, V.35, etc.
• Physical/Link layer network standards
X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SDH
• Telephony on specific substrate
H.32x/H.310
• Specific collaboration:
H.323 uses IETF Data format
• Points of possible overlap with IETF
IP/SDH
MPLS
IP/ATM
ISO JTC1 voice control
IP Telephony call signaling
36ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
IETF: Infrastructure protocolsIETF: Infrastructure protocols
• Some link layer
PPP
• Network Layer
IP4, IP6
Routing protocols
• Transport Layer
TCP, UDP, RTP
• Security services
Transport Layer Security, IPSEC, ISAKMP
• Telephony Signaling
Signaling transport
• Quality support
Differentiated Services
Integrated Services
37ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
IETF: Infrastructure applications
IETF: Infrastructure applications
• SNMP management
• SMTP mail
• DNS name services
• LDAP Policy services
• telnet virtual terminal protocol
• FTP file transfer
• HTTP Web transfer
• and more...
38ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
How IETF sees work dividedHow IETF sees work divided
• Applications come from all over
• IETF
Provides network infrastructure
Tends to use interfaces defined by other bodies
HTMLHTTP
UDP RTP
Ethernet ATM Frame Relay PPPCellular Radio
Telephony Signaling
A variety of physical layers and interfaces
Internet ProtocolTCP
Mail SNMPVoice/ VideoData
IEEEETSI
W3C
ITU-T
MPLS
39ITU Telecom ‘99 39
So where is the Internet going?So where is the Internet going?
“As for the future, your task is not to foresee, but to enable it.”
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
“As for the future, your task is not to foresee, but to enable it.”
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
40ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
IETF vision for the futureIETF vision for the future
• Short term
Internet as interconnected competing service providers
• Long term
Internet as universal interconnect
41ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet as interconnected competing service providers
Internet as interconnected competing service providers
• Dominated by
Service Providers and
Large enterprises
• A “network of networks” which have different policies and goals
42ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
Internet as universal interconnect
Internet as universal interconnect
• IETF believes that the internet is the network of tomorrow
Telephone companies seem to agree
But how intelligent a network?
• Would like to see common procedures and protocols used throughout
Minimize translation problems
43ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
• Information search/access
• Subscription services/“Push”
• Conferencing/multimedia
• Video/imaging
250
200
150
100
50
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Traffic Projections for Voice and Data
Rel. BitVolume
Circuit Switched Voice
Data(IP)
““From 2000 on, 80% of ServiceFrom 2000 on, 80% of ServiceProvider Profits Will Be DerivedProvider Profits Will Be Derivedfrom IP-Based Services.”from IP-Based Services.”Source: CIMI Corp.Source: CIMI Corp.
Growth of IP Traffic Growth of IP Traffic
Source: Multiple IXC Projections
Cross over date varies with
measuring point
44ITU Telecom ‘99 44
In summary...In summary...
“I came, I saw, I couldn’t believe my eyes”
Julius Caesar,
as portrayed in Asterix in Britain
“I came, I saw, I couldn’t believe my eyes”
Julius Caesar,
as portrayed in Asterix in Britain
45ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
When standards collide...When standards collide...
• Increasingly, convergence of Internet and PSTN networks causes collisions between the bodies that define their protocols and procedures
• The solution has to be in finding ways to:
Not compete in standardization
Focus on the problems remaining to be solved
46ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org
The place of standards bodiesThe place of standards bodies
• Each has its place in the mix
We need to work together on a global basis
• Competition between standards promotes inability to
Share solutions to common problems
Communicate among subscribers
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