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19.5 The Tide of the War Turns
• Why was Gen. Stonewall Jackson not at Gettysburg? – May 1863,
• Gen. Lee defeated a much larger Union force in Chancellorsville, Virginia.
– Lee’s most trusted General, Stonewall Jackson, was accidentally shot by his own troops.
Why does Gettysburg happen?• The South led by General
Lee won a few victories in early 1863– Chancellorsville, Va – Fredericksburg, Va
• This encouraged Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory.
• Goals: – Break the North’s will to fight – To capture much needed
supplies for his army
Battle of Gettysburg
• The Battle began on July 1, 1863– Battle would last 3 days!
• Confederate Army– Led by Gen. Lee
• 75,000 men and cavalry
• Union Army– Led by Gen. George G. Meade
• 100,000 men and cavalry
Day 1 and Day 2
• Day 1– Ends with Confederate
army declaring small victory
• Had been able to push Union army to south side of town
– Called Cemetery Ridge
• Day 2– Ends in a stalemate
• Union holds the high ground
– Lots of casualties!!
Day 3
• Gen. Lee had a plan to break the Union army– 3 way attack led by huge
infantry attack • Led by George Pickett
– Called Pickett’s charge
– If it works, the war will end with the Confederacy the victor!
– How do you think it goes?
Pickett’s Charge
• 14,000 Confederates charged through the open field up Cemetery Ridge.– Union army had cannons and defended men behind
stone walls.
• The attack was a disaster.– ½ the men die on the way across the field. – All of those who made it to the ridge were either
captured of killed.
• Gen. Lee’s army is finally defeated…– He retreats back into Virginia on July 4, 1863
Gettysburg’s Address
• Nov. 19, 1863– Pres. Lincoln traveled
to Gettysburg to honor the soldiers who would be buried there.
– Gave a speech where he reminded America that
• “these dead shall not have died in vain”
The War Turns in Favor of the Union
• July 4, 1863– Gettysburg was won
by the Union– General Grant
Captured Vicksburg in Mississippi.
– Importance?• Lincoln was impressed
by Gen. Grant; made him commander of the Union army.
– Fired Gen. Meade for not destroying Gen. Lee
Grant’s Drive to Richmond• The Wilderness
Campaign – Series of battles launched
by the North from May through June in northern and central Virginia.
• Goal:– Capture Richmond,
Va!
– However,• Gen. Grant has a
secret weapon.
Sherman’s March to the Sea• 1864
– Lincoln needed a military victory to help him win re-election in 1864.
• Specifically deep in the South!
• Gen. William T. Sherman– Given orders to march southeast
from Tennessee to Georgia
– Destroy everything!• Called Total War
– Destroy all » Railroads» Industries» farms» homes» Crops» Livestock
Richmond, VABefore Gen. Sherman
Richmond,VAAfter Gen. Sherman
The South Surrenders• April 9, 1865
– Gen. Lee has finally been captured by Gen. Grant’s army
• Decides to surrender his army instead of having more of his men killed
• Appomattox Courthouse– Place where Gen. Lee
signs the surrender of his army to Gen. Grant
Losses of the Civil War
• 620,000 Americans dead.– More than all other
military conflicts combined:
• American Revolution• War of 1812• WWI• WWII• Vietnam• Korea• Persian Gulf• War in Iraq
The President Decides to Celebrate
• April 14, 1865– Pres. Lincoln decides
to walk to the theatre to see a show
• Called “Our American Cousin”
– Held at Ford’s Theatre
» About 6 blocks from the White House.
Ford’s Theatre, 1865
Ford’s Theatre, today
Booth Pres. Lincoln Sat In.
Lincoln’s Booth, today
Lincoln’s Assassination
• April 14, 1865 – John Wilkes Booth
• fatally shoots Pres. Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C
• Pres. Lincoln is rushed across the street to a house.
– Doctors called in but it’s too late…
» Dies the next day.
Lincoln’s Death Bed
Pres. Lincoln Travels America one last Time…
• VP Andrew Johnson becomes 17th POTUS– Job?
• Reconstruct the USA!
• Abraham Lincoln’s body is taken by train to his resting home of Springfield, Illinois– Train brought him
through CVNP!
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