1891-EIGHT PAGES. PRICE THE FIRST MOVE. · 2017. 12. 18. · The Morning Call. VOLUME...

The Morning Call.

VOLUME LXX-NO. 107. SAN FRANCISCO. TUESDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 15. 1891-EIGHT PAGES. PRICE FIVE CENTS.

THE FIRST MOVE.England Seizes the Island of

Mitylene in tbeßospbornsand Lands Troops,

A MENACE TO THE CZAR.

.he Possession of the Dardanelles to BeDisputed by the Fleet ol

Great Britain.

EUROPE IS THOROUGHLY AMUSED.

France Snows Uneasiness—

Effect in the

Financial World—The IslandCaptured by England.

. -*t—-lal to Thk Mor-in*- Cal_.. ' . , -

Co-rsTA-Ti-OFLE, Sept. 14.— A detach-ment of blue-jackets and marines from aBritish Iron-clad, accompanied by a battery

of light field pieces and several Gallingguns, landed yesterday morning at Sigri,on

the island of Mitylene, formally occupying

that place in the name of the Queen of En-

§gland. There Is a good harbor at Sigri, anditis supposed tlieBritish naval officers atMitylene intend tofortifythe island to makoit a coaling station and rendezvous for theBritish Mediterranean fleets. Sigri is onthe coast of Mitylene, and is about sixtymiles from the mouth of the Dardanelles.Itts stated that the French and Russian

Embassadors here have received telegramsfrom their respective Consuls in Mityleneannouncing the occupation of Sigri andstating that guns have been landed and theislet surrounded with torpedoes.

-\u25a0- —lenient in Engl.—id.London, Sept 14.— As soon as tliereport

of the occupation of Mitylene by a Britishforce was received here there was consider-

able excitement Up to a late hour thisevening there could be obtained no officialutterance upon the subject Reporters andcorrespondents by the score have called atthe Foreign Office and at the Admiralty,

ibutthe officials on duty decline to confirm

\u2666Me report that Great Britain has takenaction in the Dardanelles question.

The general opinion seems to be that ifthe British forces had not landed in theneighborhood of the Dardanelles neitherthe Foreign Office nor the Admiralty wouldhave refused to deny the rumor which iscalculated to awaken the gravest apprehen-sion in financial and diplomatic circles.The Government officials who have beenquestioned upon the Mitylene incident denyhaving any knowledge of the landing ofBritish forces at Sigri. They say, however,a detachment of blue-jackets may possiblyhave landed there for drill purposes.

Late this evening another and moreBtirtltng dispatch comes by telegraph fromAthens. It is that the Greek Consuls atMitylene and Smyrna have wired the GreekGovernment that thirteen British men-of-war landed troops and guns at Sigri on Fri-day and that they have already stronglyfortifiedthe place.

Lord Salisbury's chief private secretary

bas returned unexpectedly toLondon and isbusy at the Foreign Office.

The St James Gazette this evening says:The startling news concerning the island ofMitylene obviously possesses political sig-nificance of the first importance. Continu-ing; itadds that the island ofMitylene hasa position of considerable strategic im-portance, although possessing little in theway of fortifications.

~ Tbe Daily News and Chronicle do notbelieve the reports of the Sigri seizure. Ifthe reports are true tnen the seizure is abellicose act, of whichLordSalisbury couldhardly be capable.

An Intimation of the iutention of theBritish Government tooccupy an island giv-ing a point of vantage near the Dardanelleswas first heard of in the inner diplomatic

circles of Vienna and Berlin soon after SirWilliam White's audience with the Sultanon Friday last. Nothing about it, however,appeared in the European newspapers untilthe Constantino pie cable startled the boursesend the public to-day. The reports were atfirst treated as incredible, and are still heldto be of doubtful authenticity or at leastexaggerated. In the absence of the ForeignOffice's confirmation of the report., anduntil the fulldetails of tbe action of Britishwar-ships are known, the real significanceof the movement cannot be revealed.Itcan be stated on high authority, how-

ever, that Sir William White asked theSultan to assent to British occupation ofsome point wit' in striking distance of tbestraits and offering good harborage for thefleet Teuedos and Besika Bay, where thefleet rendezvoused from 1876 to 1873. havebeen surveyed recently, and were reported

lo the Admiralty adversely. The offer madethe Sultan revived the request which the

IBritish Government made in 1877, prior tothe acquisition of Cyprus, to purchase anisland near the Dardanelles. This projectmas long the subject of negotiations, andwas abandoned on the signing of the Anglo-

Turkish convention in June, 1878.CONNIVANCE OF THE SULTAN.'

The seizing of Sigri, therefore, cannothave occurred without the connivance ofthe Sultan. The official announcement wasissued in Constantinople yesterday that a

complete entente had been arranged betweenSir William White And the Sultan, but theterms of the restored harmony were notmentioned. The intimation that the seizureof the island would be followed by fortifica-tion is modified by a Berlin report to-nightthat Lord Salisbury does not contemplatethe occupation of the island, but has de-signed the movement rather as a demonstra-tion to checkmate the Franco-Russian game.The movement accentuates the diplomaticcrisis. Admiral Hosklns, in command ofthe British Mediterranean Squadron, Isabout to be replaced by Admiral Tryon, whohoisted his flagiu 1857 on the Nile, nnd whosailed from Portsmouth for Gibraltar Fri-day to take over Lie command.

__ea.lr.e-- in France.Paws, Sept 14.— A decided feelin_of un-

easiness lias been caused Indiplomatic andfinancial circles here by the receipt of a dis-patch announcing that Sigri, on the westcoast of the island of Mitylene, an island..-longing to Turkey, near the coast of Asia

-.- Minor, and within steaming distance nf theDardanelles, was occupied by a d'tnehmentnf British troops or marines, lauded therefrom a British ironclad. The island Iswithin sixty milesof the Hellespont, has an

area of G76 square miles, and a populationof -0.000. Ithas good harbors- and a fertile•oil.

Under ordinary circumstances littleor no

credence would have been placed in thealarming rumor, but, coupled with the storybroadly circulated Saturday that GreatBritain, in view of Russia's practical coer-cion of Turkey Id regard to the passagethrough the Dardanelles of vessels belong-ing to her volunteer fleet, intended to occupythe Island of Teiiedos, at the entrance ofHellespont or Dardanelles, more serious at-tention is paid to this dispatch IroiUiCon-stantinople. The island of Mitylene wouldform the most advantageous position fromwhich Great Britain could control the watersof the Hellespont

—fleet In Financial Centers.London, Sept. 14.— A dispatch has been

received from Constantinople stating thatthe occupation of the Island of Mitylene isan accomplished fact and it has found anecho on all the continental bourses to-day.

Frankfort, Sept 14.— report thatGreat Britain lias seized a port on the Islandof Mitylene was circulated here this morn-ing and its effect weakened prices on theBourse.

I'ahis, Sept. 14 —Upon the opening of theBourse here this morning there was a gen-eral weakening of prices, din to the re-ported action of Great Britain in laudingtroops at Sigri.

The Bourse to-day closed very dull.Three per cent rentes dropped 20 centimesand Italian, Turkish an 1 Russian securitieswere % uer cent lowe- Other securitieswere weak and showed a fractional decline.New York,Sept 14.— A prominent Wall-

street London house has received the fol-lowing: "The market lias been sold on ru-mors ol political complications and prepara-tions fur war. The reports are sensationaland untrue and were started by jobbers* en-deavoring to get cheap stocks."

An — Hungary _ Interest.BuDA-rESTir, Sept, 14. —Tne Pesther

Lloyd, doubtless inspired through its editor,MaxFalke, reporter of the Foreign Com-mittee of the Hungarian delegation, to-daysays Austro-llungary's interest in the Dar-danelles question is greater than GreatBritain's, adding: Can Austria loot on withcomplacency while Russia, finding herselfbarred from expanding through Bulgaria,

advances by a shorter route to the goal shehas in view, the seizure of Constantinople?Euglaud can compensate herself withEgypt, hot where is Austria's compensa-tion? Tbe powers ought not to hesitate tocheck Russia. Does Berlin hesitate? •

The Pesther Lloyd, inconclusion, says ithas also become known from words droppedhere and there recently at St. Petersburg,that in high official circles various plans ofcapturing Constantinople have been dis-cussed in view of their great feasibility,owing to the advantage of modern warequipments. - .

Map of the Dardanelles.

THE SEAT OF WAR.A Description of the Dardanelles

and Bosplioru-.

Russia's Objective Point Indicated by PresentDevelopments— The Story of1877

Revived in 1891.

The occupation of Mitylene by the BritishGovernment, withor without the consent ofTurkey, is as much a war measure as thebombardment of Sumter, and for the samereason. Itis the final declaration of a prin-ciple, localized to suit the occasion. The

tea-chests thrown into Boston Harbor gaverise to Bunker Hill, with all its history-creating results.

When Great Britain sent its fleet to Con-stantinople after the fall of Adrianople in1878 war with Russia seemed certain, butthen Russia was poor, and had worn itselfout whipping Turkey. Now that the Czar'sGovernment has placed a loan and France isits ready ally instead of its possible foe awar resulting out ot the British occupationolMitylene is not only possible but prob-able. Russia, with leave obtained fromTurkey under duress to pass her war vesselsthrough the Dardanelles, could not do so IfGreat Britain has the key of the gales, andMityleue is just such a key. Mitylene, Cy-prus and Malta would make a hard com-bination against Russian naval force in theMediterranean, even it the British fleet weretemporarily disabled.

The foresight of Beaconsfield in grabbingCyprus as a part of the spoils of lurkeyafter 1877 is just beginning to become ap-parent in the light of Mitylene. Salisburywas Beaconsfield's astute colleague in thetrain of conferences which led up to thetreaty of Berlin, and the Lord of HatfieldHouse Is a man who never fort-els a foe or afriend or a lesson.

England with Gibraltar behind her closingthe Mediterranean to allFrench vessels savesuch as might sail from Marseilles or Ton-lon, has yet the friendly aid of Italy. Italyis stronger than France on the Mediter-ranean, and Great Britain could sail up theDardanelles withperfect impunity, presum-ing that Italy's participation in the inevita-ble struggle is to be of the active order.Russia, in point of fact, would be as muchcornered In tbe Black Sea as she was in18-4-55 and in1877-78.

Napoleon said that the route to India laythrough Constantinople, and even in thecritical en of January, 1878, when the vic-torious Russian troops were at Adrianople,within 100 miles of tho Golden Horn, the de-fense of the Turkish capital was a greaterpossibility than that of Zsragossa. Itis be-yond the bounds of diplomacy, if the lan-guage which Is merely a cloak for the de-sign, to dispute that Constantinople basbeen Russia's aim for a hundred years.In the extreme event of a European war

Constantinople would be one of the focalpoint;. The city could only be taken by apreponderating land force, unassaulted fromthe sea, the reverse of theconditions obtain-ing in 1877-78, when Suleiman Pasha'sbeaten but intact army was within easy res-cue distance, and the British fleet sent inhot haste through the Dardanelles, domin-ated the situation at San Stefano and Stam-boul. In point of fact, Constantinoplecould not be taken by storm fromthe north. The mountainous peninsulawhich extends to the Bosphorus betweenthe Black Sea and the Sea of Marmora,affords more than one favorable position.A line drawn across its width from BuyukTcliek-nc-dj to Tchetchmedjik, situatedabout forty miles west of Constantinople, isnaturally strengthened by rugged hills inthe middle and by lakes or inlets of the seaat each end, so that itcould be made almostimpregnable. It is under such conditionsthat tho BritishGovernment has evidentlyfelt confidence in the ability of what is leftof Tuikey-in-Europe to take care of itself,

so lung as a British squadron is at BesikaBay or Mitylene or some other strategicpoint at the Dardanelles entrance, and withpower to force the passage even against theformidable forts at Chanak.

CAUSE OF TUB TROUBLE.

An Outlet for I—m-nn War- Vessels onthe Mediterranean.

Inone sense Russia has every aspect ofright on her side. She has but two outletsfor her commerce, the North Sea and theMediterranean Sea. The former, beinglargely blockaded by Ice and closely com-peted for in the open season, is virtuallyuse-less; itIs only in the Mediterranean andthrough the Mediterranean that Russia canhope to hold up her head among the powersof Europe.

The Crimean campaign struck her in avital point. She was stripped of her navy.Sebastopol was blown up, the passage ofthe Bosphorus and the Dardanelles was de-nied to the war-vessels of all nations, andRussia in particular, Russia being the onlyone that could profit by the opening. In thelast days of 1877, when the Turkish re-

6istance collapsed, the Integrity of the Dar-danelles was violated, not for the first time.

The London Conference of 1871 had insome measure restored to Russia the rightsshe enjoyed before tbe Crimean war. Bythis revision Russia gained the right tobuild and maintain a fleet in the Black Sea.Then ensued a calm till the Herzgovina out-break of 1875. This gave Russia certainrecognition of civic rights iv Turkey. In1874 a difficulty between Turkey and "Mon-tenegro occurred, which first brought outthe secret league of the three Emperors ofRussia, Austria and Germany to act incon-cert in all Turkish affairs. England wasgreatly afraid of this Icazue, but prudentlywaited till 1877, while the resources of dip-lomacy of the existing Dreibund were beingexhausted in assuaging the troubles in Ser-via and Montenegro, and finally InBul-garia. Russia discerned an opportunity Inthe agitation among English Liberals on theatrocities io Bulgaria, and went to war withTurkey.

The trouble, so far as England was con-cerned, was not a mere sentimental one.England had reaped nothing from theCrimean war except the Russian courtesyof caring for the dead on Galilean's Hill.But the Suez Canal interests forbade a pas-sage of the Darnanelles by the Russian war-ships, and the victory 'of the Russiantroops, which was perceived in Londoneven while the brilliant defense of Plevna

was exciting the wildest hopes of the Turco-bites, did not blind Beaconsfield or Salis-

bury.Even when Adrianople had fallen they

perceived in the proposals of Gortschakotfand Schouvaloff the same idea formulatedby the Czar Nicholas in1863—that the sickman of Turkey was in a baa way, and thatEngland and Russia might as well dividethe estate.

Boiled right down to the bones the propo-tion is this: Russia finds herself checkedin the advance on India by the treachery otPersis, the hostility of Beluchistan, thevenality of Afghanistan and the avowedfriendship of China for Great Britain.

Baffled on t be Oxus and the Amoor Rus-sia turns once more to Constantinople, ofwhich Mitylene Is the present key. It isnot a long day's sail from Besika Hay toMitylene, and the conditions of 1878 arealmost exactly repeated in 1891.

the: ISLAND OF LESBOS.

The Thirty-fourth Key to the Commerceof Ihe World.

Lesbos was the name applied by theGreeks to the Island now called Metilin—the ancient mine of the chief city on theIsland, Mytilene, having been in the MiddleAges applied to the whole island. Itliesalong the coast of My-la, north of the en-trance to the Gulf of Smyrna. Strabo esti-mates its circumference as 1100 stadia, about

138 miles, and Scylax reckons it seventh insize of the islands of the Mediterranean Sen,The narrowest part of the channel whichdivides it from the Mvsian coast, betweenthe promontory of Argennuin and the townof Assos, Is about eight miles wide. Theisland is of irregular shape; it has threeprominent points, Argennum on the north-east Sigrium (now Sigri) on the west, andMalea (now Maria) on the southeast, and adeep gulf, the Euripus Pyrrli_us, now theport of Calloni, runs far Into its westernside between Sigrium and Malea. The sur-face Is mountainous, but the soilIs, in spiteof this, exceedingly fertile; the wine, oiland grain of Lesbos were well known Inancient times. The climate is perhaps moredelightful than that of any other part of the_E_ean; the breezes and the sea temper theheat of summer, and the winter Is notsevere. Earthquakes were often expe-rienced in the island;the latest, that of 1861,is still remembered as one of the severestknown ina country of earthquakes.

ITS INHABITANTS.The oldest inhabitants are said to have

been Pelasgians; and two generations be-fore the Trojan war came Icniaus underMacareus. .These two races may be said torepresent respectively the first period ofprimitive barbarism, and the second period,when navigation brought to the island thecommerce and intercourse of more advancedraces; it deserves notice that tbe name,Macareus, the Phoenician Meikartb, is takenby Curtius as a sign of the presence ofPhoenician traders. But the island beginsto be important in history from the time ot

tlie"-_3tlan immigration, which is said tohave commenced 130 years after the Trojanwar; from this time it continued long to beone of the chief homes of Hellenic civiliza-tion. Homer refers to its wealth and itspopulous cities; its chief fame lies in Itsconnection with the earliest development ofGreek poetry and literature.' Leaches theevelic poet, Terpanler, Arion, Hellanlcus,Plttacus, Alc_us and Sappho were ellna-tives of Lesbos. *Probably no district ofGreece can boast of so many names, most ofthem associated with some marked advancein literature, as Lesbos :cnn enumerate be-tween 700 and 500 years before Christ.

CITIES AND COLONIES.The chief city of Lesbos was Mytilene,

or Mitylene, the latter spelling being gen-eral in literature, while the former is theofficial spelling used on coins. Itwas origi-nally built on an island close to the westerncoast of Lesbos; afterward when the lim-its of the island were too narrow, it wasjoined to Lesbos by a causeway, and thecity spread ou* along the coast. On eachside of this isthmus was a harbor: not farfrom the city was a place called Maloeis,but it does not appear that this name was,as some have said, given to the northernharbor. The city has always been known

for its delightful and healthy climate. Withthe advantage of its strong situation andgood harbor itsoon became one of the mostpowerful Greek cities of Asia Minor.

-It

was the only _£olian city that possessed astrong navy. Its colonies were spread alongAsia Minor and Thrace, and in the sixthcentury itmaintained a long, though finallyunsuccessful contest with Athens for thepossession of Sigeum. About its internalgovernment little is known. After the king-ly period there was a time when oligarchicaland democrati.-al factions contended withone another. The noble family of the 1 __•

thelid_, descended from Penthilus, son ofOrestes, played a great part in the._ con-tentions. Its Pelopid descent may be com-pared with various legends that connectFelons with the island of .Lesbos. The cityfell under the Persian power after the de-feat of Croesus. A tyrant. Goes, ruled itsoon after, but was expelled when thoisland joined tbe lonic revolt in500 B. C.Itwas '

.::\u25a0'FREED FROM TnE PERSIA-- YOKE

Alter the battles of Plata- and Mycale, andwas a member of the Delian confederacy.Itrevolted from Athens 4_9 11. C. and was re-duced after a long siege. The story nt thecruel revenge which the Athenian Assem-bly at first resolved on. ol the second meet-ing aud the more merciful resolution, andof the arrival of the second dispatchvessel barely iv time to

'prevent the mas-

sacre of the whole male population hasbeen told by Tliucvdi.lt-*. The territory ofMitylene was, however, divided among theAthenian clergy. The harbor w-^s-thescene of a great battle between Cailicratidasand Cotton in the 1 ttter part of the I'elopo-nesian war; but it Is impossible heretotrace all the vicissitudes of its history,which are coincident with the history ofGreece in the East. It continued to be arich and prosperous city throughout ancienthistory, and its name came during the By-zantine period to be applied to the wholeI.and. It was long a stronghold of theVenetians during the Middle Ages, but hasbelonged to the Turkish empire since 140..

ITS CHIEF TOWNS.The other chief towns besides Mitylene

were Methymna, Antissa, Eresus and Pyr-rha; hence the island is sometimes called aPentapolis. There was al«o a towu calledArisba, which was destroyed by an earth-quake before the time of Herodotus; C'ouzefinds its site inland at Palaiokastro, north-east of the Port of Calloni. Pyrrha lay onthe southeast coast of this port, at a placealso railed Palaiokastro. Antlssa, nearSigrium, was destroyed by the Romans In168 B. C, as having sided with Perseus inthe Macedonian war. Eresus, now Eresi,whs also near Sigriuni. Of these five citiesMitylene was the chief;Pvrrhn, Eresus andAntlssa were under its influence, and seemalmost always to have followed its lead.But Methymna on the north coast, though ithad not such a fine situation as Mitylene,

was a very strong place; it was, therefore,able to maintain a constant quarrel with themore powerful city, and was always ready toside with Its enemies. M011y.,, still the sec-ond city of the island, occupies the site ofthe old Methymna. The name Methymna,or Mathymna, is derived from the wive, forwhich it is famous.

TUB_

Alt-\m;i,i,es,

One of the Most Important Sea Passagesof the World.

The Straits of the Dardanelles, ancientlynamed the Hellespont, one of the most fam-ous

'and important narrow sea

'passages

In the world, Is the outer gate ofmaritime entrance to the Euxine or BlackSea, as the Bosphorus, . 130 miles furthereast by north, is the interior gate, the Pro-pontls, or Sea of Marmora, a laud-lockedpiece of water, being the vestibule that liesbetween them. In a naval and militarypoint of view they may be considered ofequal importance to the general interest ofthe world, but the closing of the Bosphorusagainst a Russian fleet descending from theBlack Sea Is counterbalanced, apparently,by the shutting of the Dardanelles againsta fleet in the Mediterranean belongingeither to Great Britain, or to France, or toAustria, or to Italy, supposing any orall ofthese powers to be at war with Russia.. The Dardanelles Is a strait fiftyor sixtymiles Inlength and from two to lour mileswide, having a deep channel that frequentlyapproaches close to the Europoan or Asiatic

shore. It might easily be defended, withsufficient land fortifications and batteries,and certainly with torpedoes, against thestrongest naval force. The passage has, in-deed, been more than once gained in spiteof Turkish opposition, notably by a Britishsouadron under Admiral Duckworth, and bya Russian squadron in the wars of the lastcentury ;'but it is probable that modern ar-tillery, if well placed and directed, wouldmaka itan impossible attempt. The townof Gallipoli lies on tlie European side of theDardanelles, at the northwestern extremityof the straits, a few miles below the. pointwhere they begin to expand Into the Sea ofMarmora. The tongue of land on whichGallipoli stands is bordered on the west andnorth by the _E_ean Sea, on the eastand south by the Dardanelles. The breadthof the peninsula varies from four to twelvemiles, the narrowest part being at Bulair, afew miles north of Gallipoli. The town isdistant about 130 miles in a straight lineacross the sea of Marmora from Constanti-nople, aud ten miles less from Adnauople.

".':;' • COULD BE HELD.The whole peninsula could be easily held

by a comparatively small force supportedby a fleet on ithe adjacent seas, since theonly access to itby land is along the nar-row neck where the ground is extremelyfavorable for local defease. In 1854 Gal-lipot! was occupied by the English troops.The town is a collection of red-roofedbarns, with tall white minarets rising upabove them. A range of hills running par-allel to the coast line affords 'convenientfacilities for pitching a healthy camp. The

population of the town is from 10,000 to15,000, chiefly composed of Turks, Jews andGreeks.

The unique geographical position of Con-stantinople at the southwestern entrance tothis remarkable maritime channel, whichconnects the Sea of Marmora, and therebyalso the __gean and the Mediterraneanwith the Black Sea, has always been ad-mired. The Bosphorus, as well as the Hel-lespont or Dardanelles, a strait bearingsome points of resemblance to the Bos-phorus at the western extremity of the Seaof Marmora, divides the continent of Eu-rope from that of Asia. Itmust ever con-tinue to be, as itbas been Inallpast ages, alocality of great commercial and politicalimportance. The Imperial Government ofancient Rome had chosen the Greek Byzan-tium under the new name of Constantino-ple for tne metropolis of its eastern do-minion. A separate empire of the East,Greek by nationality and social civilization.Christian in religious profession, but stilt

Roman in the titles and forms of sover-eignty, flourished in Byzantium duringnearly a thousand years. It was shaken,indeed, by the repeated attacks of the Sara-cens, Tartars and Seljukiau and OttomanTurks successively overrunning WesternAsia uuder the impulse of Mohammedanfanaticism.

THE BYZANTINEEMPIRE.Scarcely less fatal to the Byzantine Em-

pire, as itis sometimes called, were the vio-lent and rapacious crusaders from WesternEurope, who came for the ostensible pur-pose of repelling the Moslem invaders ofPalestine, and the mercantile advantaces ofthe Levant were appropriated by the Geno-ese and Venetians, who established theirnaval and military power along theseshores. Atlength, in the fifteenth century,when the mediaeval republics and feudalprincipalities of Europe had declined fromtheir old spirit of warlike enterprise, or hadbeen superseded by monarchies with a dif-ferent policy, the Turks, under SultanMahomet 11, were permitted to conquer thewhole of Rouuielia, with the city of Con-stantinople and all the adjacent provincesto the Danube and the Adriatic, which theyhave kept ina miserable state of wretched-ness to the prescot day.

—"___ -'.i

—-•_

The space included in the accompanyingmap from the Sea of Marmora to the BlackSea is about fifteen miles wide ina straightline; but the voyage by steamer through thewinding channel of the strait is severalmiles longer. Stamboul, the Turkish cityof Constantinople, occupies the promontoryat the southwestern extremity of the Bos-phorus, overlooking the Sea of Marmora onone side, aud divided by the Inlet called theGulden Horn ou the other, from Peraand

Galata, tho quarters of the town allotted toChristian inhabitants or foreigners.

ON .__ ASIATIC SHORE.Opposite this, on the Asiatic shore, is the

town of Scutari, which was founded In veryancient times by the Persian conquerors ofAsia Minor. They cave it a name signify-ing "the Post Town," as it was either thestarting Point or the first stage of a linn ofcouriers oetiveen remote parts ol the Per-sian Empire; but the Greeks called ItChrys-opnlis, from the gold brought here in pay-ment of tribute. Scutari is a flourishingtownship with an hourly steamboat com-munication across the strait, one mile wide,to the capital city. It contains eightmosques and the vast suburban cemetery, inwhich half a million of deceased Turk's lieburied, every tombstone of a male adultbeing distinguished by the ornament of aturban carved at its summit; but there isalso a pillared monument of SultanMahmoud s favorite horse.

The bay and port of Buyukdcre, oppositeMahdjar 8.-urnou. demand attention. Hereis .the summer palace of the Russian Em-bassy, with its beautiful gardens. Thewooded hills behind the villages presentsome delightful walks or rides through theforest of Belgrade, and the reservoirs andaqueducts, constructed by Sultan Mahmoudin 1732 to supply the northern suburbs ofConstantinople with water, are works of re-markable magnitude. North of Buyukdereand the Giants Mountain the prospect isshut off by loftymountain ranges— the ter-minating heights of the ll_mus and Olym-pus groups, respectively, In Europe and inAsia. They approach hear to each other atthe two opposite points of lands, which theGreeks of the empire called Hierou audSerapion.

GOLDEN FLEECE EXPEDITION.The mythical hero of the Golden Fleece

expedition here set up altars in honor ofthe twelve Olympic deities on his returnfrom Colchis. Temples of Zeus and Posei-don—otherwise named Jupiter and Nep-tune—were in due time erected by theGreeks on the promontory of Hleron. whilethose of Serapis ana Cybele, rising over theway, attested tbe piety of Asiatic worship-ers. This part of the strait was the sceneof many sharp conflicts between the Byzan-tine forces and those of the barbarian na-tions, Goths, Huns, Hemli, Varangians (orFranks). Russians and Tartars invading theEastern Empire. In the fourteenth cen-tury the adventuious Genoese, who hadalready taken possession of a suburb ofConstantinople and had established theircolonies on the Black Sea coasts, held thecustody of this passage. They beat off theVenetians and other commercial

- rivals,built a castle on each shore and stretchedan iron chain across the Strait forbiddingany vessel to pass without .paying toll andasking their permission.

But the Genoese possessions here as else-where passed a hundred years later to theTurkish Sultan and bave since continued ivTurkish suzerainty. .—

.A -"All-LIKE LOOK.

Views —-pressed at the British Consulate.- 11l Not It-cede.Dennis Donohoe, the British Consul, was

out of town and tbe IVice-Consul had re-ceived no officialinformation of the reportedcoup.

--.. .-\u25a0.., *-.

"There is no trade worth mentioning,"

said the latter, "between this port andRussia, so there would be no occasionto notify us. Of course, in the event ofserious complications we would probably beinstructed to put English vessels on theirguard, as in the event of war our merchantmarine would inall likelihood be attacked.As to the report*! seizure of the island, it'certainly has a war-like look, and you maybe sure that the ministry knew what theywere doing. There are in diplomacy, asconducted in Europe, such a variety ofwheels within wheels that it is difficult fora person on the outside to pass an opinionupon the moves that are made from time totime. Of one thing you may be assured,however, and that is that ifEngland hastaken the step indicated in the press dis-patches, she is not likely to recede from herposition, come what may. _. amount ofblustering willsuffice, Ifancy, to drive herfrom tbe island, if once inher possession."

A "RUSSIAN VIEW.

The Reports Thought to Have BeenMuch Exaggerated.

VladimirArtsimovitch, the Russian Con-sul, had received no advices from his Gov-ernment, and was Inclined to think no mat-ter whether the report was true or not hewould not be notified.

"My impression," he said, "is that thefirst report is exaggerated, and when thetruth is known it will bo found that itis assome ono suggests that a man-of-war merelylanded a number of men for the purposeof drill. If they have really taken pos-session of the island it is likely that somecomplications may arise, but just what theoutcome would be it is impossible evsn toconjecture."

Fort of Magna Orcecln, Showing Historical AssccitUo t at the Dardanelles. ;•

EAST END OF MITYLENE INLAND. BllOtflNO OLD VENETIAN FORTS.

THE CASTLE OF EUROPE, NORTH SIDE OF TBE ENTRANCE TO THE DARDANELLES.

ENTRANCE TO THE DARDANELLES, SOUTH SIDE. SHOWING Till! CASTLE OF ASHAND THE TOMII OF I'A TROCLtM.

Btilatr.

Map of the, Boiphonu.

PERSIA'S TROUBLE.

An Impending Revolution in tbe Shah'sDomain.

New York, Sept 14.—Edmund Tates'cablegram to the Tribune from Londonsays: If what Ihear be true, and the in-formation comes from an unusually reliablesource, public attention is likely to be very

soon diverted from Iquique to Ispahan, fora revolution at the present moment is slowly

but surely brewing inPersia, and tne break-ingof the political storm is not likely to belong delayed. The revolutionary moveme ntis national In its character. Priests andstudents are to a man in the camp oftbe Progressionists, and the prevailing

discontent is being industriously fanned by

a paper called "The Kahn" or "Law,"which is printed in Europe and widely dis-seminated throughout every part of theShah's dominion. The personal unpopu-larity of tbe Shah grows apace, and his son 3are watching .the events with no smallanxiety. His present youthful Grand Vizieris a child of a nurse, and Nasreddin is nowanxious to make obnoxious the boy whofigured so prominently in the pageants of

1889 as Minister of War.Mr.and Mrs. Stauley are expected by the

King of the Belgians at Chalet Royal, Os.tend, on October 2d. A lortnlght later theyset out for Australia.

With the single exception of the Duke ofRichmond and Gordon, who has given wayto the popular feeling, all Scotch landlordswho have been fighting lately with the gen-eral public over the right's way, havebrought action to interdict against the indi-viduals who have been infringing ou theiralleged rights. *

Mr. Riddell, tbe proprietor of the famousBreak Hall stud in Renfrewshire, has justsold fifty pedigree Clydesdale sires for ex-

'portation to the United States.. Prince George of Wales is not going topass the winter either in India or Ire-laud, although the papers will in-sist in sending bim to both countries.On the expiration of Prince George's leave,he is to be appointed to the Anson, the flag-ship of the Channel Squadron. •-.—\u25a0

— -The Duko of Cleveland has left Lord

Barnard, as the male heir of the Vane fam-ily,his estates in Durham aud Shropshire,which bring in a net income of quite £00,---000 a year, and he gets Raby Castle and ahouse inSt. James square.

FLOODS IN SPAIN.

A Large Extent of Country Inundated.Thousands Rendered Homeless.

Madrid, Sept. 14.—Serious floods andstorms are reported in various parts ofSpain, and railway communication is inter-rupted at several points. The Amarguiltohas overflowed Its banks, destroying the*town of Consuegra and flooding severalvillages. The work of relieving the desti-tute in the flooded districts is very difficult.Floods have derailed a train u.ar Castillegoand one person was killed and three in-jured. A house collapsed at Toledo and sixpersons were crushed to death. Many peo-ple were drowned.

Official telegrams report 1500 personshaving perished in the destruction .of Con-suegra by the overflow of the Amargillo.Hundreds of others were Injured by fallingbuildings and enormous numbers of cattleperished. At other places many personswere drowned and much property de-stroyed.

Tue Cabinet met to-day and decided totake measures for the relief of the destitute.News comes in slowly from the flooded dis-trict, each succeeding dispatch adding tothe public sadness.

Fresh floods are reported in AlineriaandRada Jose. Four hundred houses were de-stroyed in Almeida and many families arehomeless.

Five hundred houses are in ruins at Con-suegra and the occupants were buriedunder the debris. Two hundred bodieshave already been recovered. Many per-sons are dying of hunger.

The moment the Queen received the newsshe sent the Superintendent of the Palace toMadrid and thence to Consuegra to dis-tribute money, clothes and provisionsamong the sufferers, and she herself gave$10,000 to stait a relief fund.

Mil.l A MINUTE.

The New York Central Eclipses AllPreviousBailroad Records.

Buffalo (N. V.), Sept, 14.—The NewYork Central tt--day broke all records offast time for long runs of passenger trainson rail ys on either side of the Atlantic.A special train composed ofone of tbe com-pany's new standard ipassenger engines,weighing 200,000 pounds, and three privatecars, weighing 21*0,000 pounds, conveyingVice-President Webb and party,made a ruuof 43«_ miles from New York to East Buf-falo in 410 minutes, including three stops,one of which occupied 7% minutes. Tbeeclipse of previous efforts of the kind iscomplete; nothing approaching such a feathas ever before been accomplished in Amer-ica or Europe as speeding along for overseven . consecutive hours at more than amile-a-miuuie gait.

\u2666"Mr. Potter of Texas.-*

Albany (X.V.).Sept. 14.—The first roadproduction of Archibald Havering Gun-ther's dramatization of his famous novel,

Mr. 'otter of Texas," occurred to-nightnt the 1.eland Opera House in the presenceof a large and, before the play wasended, enthusiastic audience. Mr.Frank W. Sanger, whose company pre-

sented the drama, occupied a box withMr. 'Gunther. The stage settings weremagnificent, being entirely new. The per-formance was one of thn most even and per-fect ever given lv this city. \u25a0 Joseph Wheel-ock, in the. title role, was enthusiasticallyreceived, and Miss Joana Ferry Lewis,who assumed the leadiug female role, wascalled before the curtain. Maurice Drew,Frank Aiken, Miss Lee Lamar and MayHaines also scored a success. The companyleaves for the West Wednesday night.

\u25a0' * -Five Hundred Miles in a Canoe.

St. John (N.B.), Sept 14.—Eugene Under-billand Murray Boeock of New York haveperformed a feat never betore accomplished,traveling in a canoe from Moosehead Laketo the mouth of the St. Johns River, a

'distance of 504 mile.- The actual travelingtime was fourteen days.

«..Granted an Extension.

Pittsiiukg,- Sept \u25a0 Moorhead, Mc-Cleane & Co., the well-known; lron manu-facturers, have been granted an extension bytheir creditors. .The firm hits been finan-cially embarrassed for some months.

-Lia-

bilitiesabout .-,100,000; assets 81,350,000.

BALMACEDAESCAPES

Smuggled on Board the CrniserSan Francisco.

\u25a0

_"-'-.-;\u25a0\u25a0 _\u25a0\u25a0*. \u25a0 ',\u25a0\u25a0:

He Evades the Efforts of the Junta toCapture Him.

Disguised as a Drunken Sailor He Is Takenon Board the United States

Vessel.

-I—:al to Thk Moa*—-- .-__,—- .

New York, Sept. 14.—The Herald special

cablegram from Valparaiso, September 1Ith,says: Balmaceda has escaped from theclutches of his enemies, and Is now safe onthe high seas under the protection of theUnited States flag. All the time thesoldiers of the Junta were guarding

the passes of the Andes to preventhis getting into the Argentine Republic, andthe police of the new Provisional Govern-ment were searching the monastries in andaround Santiago for the fugitive ex-Presi-dent, he was in hiding in this city. Herehe was more apt to escape detection thananywhere, else, for his opponents neverdreamed he would dare to return to Valpa-raiso, they being assured that he had fledfrom It.

"i

Balmaceda chose bis refuge wisely, forhe was enabled to throw himself upon themercy of Admiral Brown of the UnitedStates flag-ship San Francisco and beg tobe saved from the revenge he feared fromhis foes. Admiral Brown did what otherforeign Admirals would have done undersimilar' circumstances. He stepped into save possibly human life. In thename of humanity he consented toafford Balmaceda shelter on his ship andthe protection of the stars and stripes. Toeffect the President's escape it was de-cided to have Balmaceda disguise himself asa drunken United States sailor. Clothingwas sentaslioroin the market boat last nightbyorder ofAdmiral Brown. Itwas smuggledby one- of Balmaeeda's faithful adherentsinto the house where the ex-President wasInhiding. lie carefully donned it,and aftera close inspection of his new ana strangeattire, to see that there was nothing aboutthe get-up which would arouse suspicion,he stole out by the rear entrance iuto thestreet.

Nightfall favored his disguise and be hadstudied his part so welt that he feigned adrunken tar to perfection. In his waytoward the water front he rolled by manymen who would bave been delighted to havehad a chance to seize and turn him over tothe police authorities.In time he reached the spot Inthe harbor

arranged upon. There he found a boatawaiting him. Itwas manned by sturdyUnited States man-of-war's men. Balma-ceda, stillmaintaining his disguise, made afinal drunken stumblo and fell Into theboat It pushed off at once and ina short time the ex-President, all signs ofinebriety at an end, climbed swiftly up theropes and was saved. He went at once toone of the cabins of .the San Francisco anddid not again show himself above deck.This part of the vessel was re-served solely for its prominent guest.Nobody was allowed to visit this cabin.

The officers of the San Francisco werequestioned about the matter, but resolutelyrefused to discuss it. The San Frauciscoleft Valparaiso this evening for Callao.Thence it will sail for California. Bal-maceda may elect 'to land at Callao,where many of his leading partisanshave already been taken by foreignships on board of which theysought a refuge after the fallof Valparaiso.Admiral Brown's action willundoubtedly,for the time at least, increase the bitter feel-ing here toward the United States Govern-ment, although ttie Admirals of other foreignvessels have taken prominent Balmacedistsaboard.

Callao, Sept. 11.—The Chilean Junta'swar-ship Trumao, which arrived here a fewdays ago to take back to Valparaiso' thetorpedo-boat Coudell and the transport Im-perial, late of Balmaeeda's fleet, his sailedfor that port with them.

Several prominent members of the Bal-macedan Government, who took refuge onthe foreign war-ships in the harbor of Val-paraiso after that city was captured by theJunta's troops, have arrived here. Amongthem was Vicuna, who during the as-cendency of Balmaceda was elected as hissuccessor to the Presidency of Chile; SenorDomingo Godoy, ex-Minister of State andForeign Affairs; and Balmaeeda's brother.

Rome, Sept. 14.—1t is stated that theChileans have purchased the Italian steam-ship Aquila and transformed her Into acruiser.

POOR CHOPS.

Harvest Prospects in the North of EuropeUnfavorable.

LOOT*.-, Sept. 14.— 1t is authoritativelystated in the north of Europe that the har-vest prospects are deplorable; that breadhas already gone up 80 per cent and thatfamine prices are feared for the winter. InCentral Sweden the result of the constantrain has been to lay some of the lower val-leys for some weeks under water. InDen-mark the condition of things is no better,and in both countries the wheat crop is re-ported to be entirely destroyed. Unfor-tunately the damage Is not confined towheat, which is the least important of Scan-dinavian cereals.

The agricultural losses in Denmark areestimated at

'515,000,000. and as one-half

the cultivated area in Sweden Is underwater, the loss there, though no estimatehas been made of it, can hardly be less.Hitherto these countries have maintained, ingood years, something like a balance be-tween their exports and imports of bread-stuffs, sending away oats and barley anareceiving wheat and rye. Their contribu-tions to the European market must ap-parently fail entirely this year, and by thegeneral scarcity they themselves must suf-fer under the failure of the Russian ryecrop.. ?_?-.'-\u25a0 -:*-\u25a0-

A Claim Against Prussia.Berlin, Sept. 14.— sensational suit for

heavy damages has been brought agaiustPrussia by Prince Joseph of Colloredo, amember of the Uerrenhaus of Austria andother heirs of the famous Mansfield family.One century and a half ago the Mansfieldfamily was one of

-the wealthiest and

strongest in Germany. The countryover which the famous Grafen held swayincluded tbe town of Mansfield, Elsbeii,Saugerhausen and Helbstedt The greaterDart of the country, however, included thelarger towns, and was divided betweenPrussia and the electorate of Saxony. In1815 Prussia also joined the Central Saxonyestates of Colloredo. The Mansfields nowclaim that Prussia has no right to the land,aud insist upon an accounting since 1780.

-he Defenses of Canada.Ottawa. Sept 14.— British army officer

on his way toInspect the defenses ofBrit-ish Columbia says his Government Intendsto strengthen the defenses of Canada onboth oceans and along the frontier on theSt Lawrence and Great Lakes, and thatthe ships and armaments of the Atlanticand Pacific squadrons will be greatlystrengthened. At Halifax the British

'Gov-

ernment is building immense fortifications.He says the general belief In England isthat trouble with the United States isinevitable.

German Army Reviewed.Berlin, Sept. 14.—A review of the

Eleventh Army Corps was held at Erfurtto-day. Emperor Williamwas present andafterward held a review over the combinedEleventh and Fourth corps. 'According topresent plans, the King of Saxony takespart iv the maneuvers on September 16th,and then tho Imperial couple win leaveErfurt for Berlin.

Earl of Dudley Married.London, Sept. 14.— Earl of Dudley

was married to-day to Miss Rachel Gurney.

.."The Dayton Will'Contest.;

Aberdeen (S. D.), Sept. 14.—A contest of

the willof the late Mrs. May 1. Dayton wasbegun in the Circuit Court to-day. Mrs.Dayton diod in San Francisco June 3. 1891,leaving property valued at $200,000 to JamesC. Reed, who was the private secretary tyPresident Arthur. Mr.Dayton contests thawill, asserting that Reed is not her sou.

THE NEW YORK DEMOCRACY.A Largely Attended Meeting of tne Demo-

critic State Committee.

Saratoga, Sept. 14.—The Democratlohosts are assembling here for a conventionto-morrow. It is reported to-night thatSpeaker Sheehan is confident of the nomi-nation for Lieutenant-Governor. Evenleaders cannot say with certainty who willbe named for Governor, but itIs thought iffriends of Governor Hillfeel that the pointhas been reached where there Is a fairlyclear chance of success of a hurrah move-ment in Governor Hill's renomluatlon anattempt willbe made. Flower's friends arealso very confident

At a meeting of the Democratic StateCommittee to-night the resignation ofJohn li.Voorhis, which was received Imme-diately preceding the New Yorkelection in18-8, was taken from the table an accepted.He was thon elected to represent thaEighth Congressional District on theState Committee. When the rollwas called for delegates it gaveTammany Hail a full representation ofseventy-two delegates. The County Democ-racy Co__*l____-_ were amazed, and totheir interrogation the clerk re;.lied that theonly list of delegates from New York conn-ties which he received was the Tammany list_o"ter moved that the County Democracy beallowed half the delegates ou the prelimi-nary roll-call. Then there wa* a hot debate,and Tammany urged that there was "seri-ous danger in any recognition of theCounty Democracy by the State Con-vention. They urged that giving delegatesto the County Democracy meant givinginspectors to Tom Piatt at the next Presi-dential election at three out of every fourelection districts in New YorkCity. The_i_-tion to give "the Counties" one-half repre-sentation was lost and the County Democracymembers withdrew.

SADDLE AND SPUR.

Yesterday's Winners on the PrincipalEastern Race-Tracks.

Chicago, Sept. 14.— The track was fast to-dayat Garfield Park and the winners were:

Six furlongs, Bill Nye won, Oakdale second.Cole Miller third. Time, 1:18%.

Oue mile. Eolea won. Carter P second. Bockthird. Time. 1:45 _.

Six furlongs, Addle won, Tom Earl second,Patli Rosa third. Time, 1:15%.

Oue mile, Guldo won. Ernest Kaca second, EdBell third, lime, 1:44.

—Half mile, Koanoke won, Queen Isabella sec-

ond, Freedom third. Time, .0:50...One mile, Drake won, Rluuui second, Maud

thud. Time, l:44Vi.•

AtCincinnati.Cincinnati. Sept. 14.—The winners on Law-

nla track to-day were:One mile, Joe Walton won. Captain Jack sec-

ond, John -third. Time,1:43V..

Five furlongs, Orovllle won, Judge Jewell sec-ond, The Queen third. Time,1:03.

One mile and twenty yards, Royal Garter won.LittleScissors secoud, Ruby Payne third. Time,1:44Vi;

Oue and a sixteenth tnlles.Rorka won. Faithfulsecond, LillianLindsay third, Time, 1:49.

--sixteenths of a mile. Keadloa won,Frank Kinney second, Dore third. Time,1:08*4.

Five luilone- Ollie Glenn won, Hindoo Gainsecond, Ragner third. lime, 1:02*...

One and . a sixteenth miles. Happiness woo.Little Annie second. Quotation third. Time,lU.Vi.

At Coney Island.-fwYokk, Sept. 14.—At tiravesend (L.L)

track to day the winners were:One mile, Brllevue won, India Rubber second.

Tenjfler third. Time, 1:44.Six lur.'oni— , Yoikvllle woo, Lamp-lighter sec-

ond, Florlan third. Time, 1:10.Oriental handicap, one and a quarter miles,

English lady won, Raceland secoud, Demutbthird. Time, 2:08.

Four furlongs, Trlngle won. Natalia second,Harding third. Time, 0:4.),..

Four furlongs, Airplant won, M.Kisob secoud.BilletDieux third. Time, 0:50.

One and a sixteenth miles, Vlrcl won, Ceilssecond, Ballyhoo third. Time,1:49%.

BAS_-8.-__ GAMES.

Yesterday's Contests of the National Leagueand Association Clubs.

BostQ-, Sept 14.—The Bostons could notbat Hutchison, and made errors enough tolast a week, so the Chicago, were easywinners. Bostons 1, Chicagos 7. Batteries

Hutchison and Sellriver, Staley and Ben-nett. -'-

AtPhiladelphia.Philadelphia, Sept. 14.— T0-day's game

was a good deal of a farce, the visitors beingcompletely demoralized. I-hiladelpluas 13,Cleveland! 3. Batteries

—King, Clements

and Gray, Beattin, Shea and Zltnmer., At Brooklyn.

B-OOKLY-. Sept. 14.—

The Cincinnatisbatted the ball all over tne field. Brooklyn.B. Cincinnatis 11. Batteries— Carnlhera andKinslo -*,Mullaue and Harrington.

At New York.New York,Sept 14.— T0-day's game was

very close and exciting, being finally wonby the visitors. New Yorks 3, Pittsburgs4. Batteries

—Rusie and Buckley, Galvin

and Miller. \u25a0

American Association." _{-'-

St. Louis, Sept. 14.—st Louis T, Bal-timores 4.

Columbus, Sept. 14.— Columbus 10, Wash-ington _.

Milwaukee, Sept 14.—The game betweenthe Athletics and Milwaukees was postponedon account of rain.

Louisville, Sept 14.— Louisvilles 7, Bos-tons 3.

Rain or No Pay.Ogde.l (Ltah), Sept 14.— Melbourne, the

rain-maker, commenced this morning an ex-periment to bring rain at elton. ninety-twomiles west Of O-den. He says he willbring the rain within f.mr days. He hasentered into a contract with the parties em-ploying him by which he Is to deliver halfan Inch of rain or no pay. The Slgml Ser-vice predicted rainy weather, but all ap-pearanee'of the fulfillment of the predictionhas disappeared. Melbourne's operation.

are watched with great interest.Grain in Sight.

New York, Sept. 14.—The visible supply

of grain on hand Saturday, September 12th,was as follows: Wheat 21,930,00- bushels,an increase of2,073.000; corn, 8.287,000 bush-els, an increase of 1,320,000 bushels; oats,4,043,000 bushels, an increase of 44. .000 bush-els; barley, 308,000 bushels, an mere of171,000 bushels.

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OT \MAJMYIOKM

Do not beDepressed

because you have beenunable to rid yourself of

that obstinate cough.You have been experi-menting with new and

• worthless compounds.

Cheer upThere is hope for youifyou willtrythat stand-ard preparation that h_s

been in use for morethan 50 years.

Wistar's Balsamof Wild Cherry.

// wt'S Cure You.- •'-..Sold 'fry all <Druggists.•,_t-_uw_-*_w.;v;