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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystem
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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystem
Heaviest organ 16% of body weightHeaviest organ 16% of body weight
1.21.2--2.3 m2.3 m22
Consists of epidermis of ectodermalConsists of epidermis of ectodermalorigin, dermis of mesodermal in originorigin, dermis of mesodermal in originand hypodermisand hypodermis
Thick skin and thin skinThick skin and thin skin
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FunctionsFunctions
MelaninMelanin
Vit DVit D33 Finger printsFinger prints
Sweat glandsSweat glands
Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands
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EpidermisEpidermis
Consists ofstratified squamous epitheliumConsists ofstratified squamous epithelium
Three types ofcellsThree types ofcells embededembeded inbetweeninbetween
Melano
cytesMelano
cytesLangerhansLangerhans
MerckelMerckel
All epidermal cells are called keratinocytesAll epidermal cells are called keratinocytes
Thick skin e.g. hand is aboutThick skin e.g. hand is about 33--44 times thicker than thintimes thicker than thin
skin e.g. scalpskin e.g. scalp
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Layers of EpidermisLayers of Epidermis
StratumStratum basalebasale
StratumStratum spinosumspinosum
StratumStratum granulosumgranulosum
StratumStratum lucidumlucidum
StratumStratum corneumcorneum
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Stratum SpinosumStratum Spinosum
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
AttachementAttachement
FilamentsFilaments
FunctionFunction
Malpighian LayerMalpighian Layer
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Stratum GranulosumStratum Granulosum
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
GranulesGranules
KeratohyalineKeratohyaline
LamellarLamellar
FilamentsFilaments
FunctionFunction
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Stratum LucidumStratum Lucidum
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
AttachementAttachement
FilamentsFilaments
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Stratum CorneumStratum Corneum
CharacteristicCharacteristic
KeratinKeratin
Horny cellsHorny cells
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MelanocytesMelanocytes
Color of the skinColor of the skin
MelaninMelanin
EumelaninEumelanin
PheomelaninPheomelanin
MelanocyteMelanocyte
Melanin formation( T,Dopa,Melanin formation( T,Dopa,Dopaquinone)Dopaquinone)
EpidermalEpidermal--melanin unitmelanin unit
Albinism and VitiligoAlbinism and Vitiligo
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DermisDermis
Connective tissue support epidermisConnective tissue support epidermisand binds it to hypodermisand binds it to hypodermis
Varies in thicknessVaries in thickness Dermal papillaeDermal papillae
Epidermal ridgesEpidermal ridges
Basement membraneBasement membrane
Basal laminaBasal lamina
Lamina reticularisLamina reticularis
Pemphigus and Bullous PimphigoidPemphigus and Bullous Pimphigoid
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Layers of DermisLayers of Dermis
Papillary layerPapillary layer
Reticular layerReticular layer
Anchoring fibrilsAnchoring fibrils
Elastic fibersElastic fibers
ElauninElaunin
OxytalanOxytalan
MechanoreceptorsMechanoreceptorsMiessnersMiessners
PacinianPacinian
RuffiniRuffini
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Epidermal DerivativesEpidermal Derivatives
Hair folliclesHair follicles
Sweat glandsSweat glands
Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands
NailsNails
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Hair FollicleHair Follicle
DistributionDistribution
ConcentrationConcentration
Growth and restGrowth and rest
StructureStructure
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NailsNails
Nail grooveNail groove
Nail rootNail root
Nail matrixNail matrix Nail plateNail plate
Nail bedNail bed
EponychiumEponychium
HyponychiumHyponychium
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Sebaceous glandSebaceous gland
DistributionDistribution
ConcentratinConcentratin
StructuctureStructucture
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Sweat GlandSweat Gland
DistributionDistribution
StructureStructure
TypesTypes
AnhydrosisAnhydrosis
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BurnsBurns
FirstFirst--degree (superficial) burnsdegree (superficial) burns
SecondSecond--degree (partial thickness)degree (partial thickness)burnsburns
ThirdThird--degree (full thickness) burnsdegree (full thickness) burns
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Rule of NinesRule of Nines
9
18 189
9 9
9 9
9
1
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Modified Lund and Browder chartModified Lund and Browder chartChartChart for Estimating Area of Burnsfor Estimating Area of Burns Birth toBirth to11 year,year, 11 toto 44 years,years, 55 toto 99
years,years, 1010 toto 1414 years,years, 1515 years, Adultyears, Adult,, 22nd*nd*33rd*TBSArd*TBSA
HeadHead 19 17 13 11 9 719 17 13 11 9 7 NeckNeck 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2
Anterior trunkAnterior trunk 13 13 13 13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13 Posterior trunkPosterior trunk 13 13 13 13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13
Right buttockRight buttock 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55 LeftLeft buttockbuttock 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55
GenitaliaGenitalia 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1Right upperRight upper armarm 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Left upper armLeft upper arm 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4
Right lowerRight lower armarm 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 Left lower armLeft lower arm 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3
Right handRight hand 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55 Left handLeft hand 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55
Right thighRight thigh 55..5 65 6..5 8 85 8 8..5 9 95 9 9..55 Left thighLeft thigh 55..5 65 6..5 8 85 8 8..5 9 95 9 9..55
Right legRight leg 5 5 55 5 5..5 6 65 6 6..5 75 7 Left legLeft leg 5 5 55 5 5..5 6 65 6 6..5 75 7Right footRight foot33..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..55 Left footLeft foot33..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..55
Total:Total:
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7 2
13 13
2.52.51
4 4
3 32.5 2.5
9.59.5
77
3.53.5
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AreaBirth to1year
1 to 4years
5 to 9years
10 to 14years
15years
Adult
2nd*
3r
d*
TBSA
Head 19 17 13 11 9 7
Neck 2 2 2 2 2 2
Anteriortrunk
13 13 13 13 13 13
Posteriortrunk
13 13 13 13 13 13
Rightbuttock
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Left buttock 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Genitalia 1 1 1 1 1 1
Right upperarm
4 4 4 4 4 4
Left upperarm
4 4 4 4 4 4
Right lowerarm
3 3 3 3 3 3
Left lower
arm3 3 3 3 3 3
Right hand 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Left hand 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Right thigh 5.5 6.5 8 8.5 9 9.5
Left thigh 5.5 6.5 8 8.5 9 9.5
Right leg 5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
Left leg 5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
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