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17.1 The Origins of Progressivism. OBJECTIVES: Explain the four goals of progressivism Summarize progressive efforts to clean up local government Identify progressive efforts to clean up state government, protect workers, and reform elections. 4 Goals of Progressivism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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17.1 THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
OBJECTIVES:
1.Explain the four goals of progressivism
2.Summarize progressive efforts to clean up local government
3.Identify progressive efforts to clean up state government, protect workers, and reform elections.
4 Goals of Progressivism
1. PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE YMCA, Social Gospel Florence Kelley (child welfare/labor reform)
2. PROMOTE MORAL IMPROVEMENT Prohibition WCTU, Frances Willard, Carry Nation
3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM Reject laissez-faire policies Embrace socialism and regulation of business muckrakers
4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Scientific management –Frederick Winslow Taylor Assembly lines, Ford Automobile Plant
7 MAIN ACTIONS OF PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS
#1 REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
#2 REFORM MAYORS
#3 REFORM GOVERNORS
#4 PROTECT WORKERS
# 5 EFFORTS TO LIMIT WORKING HOURS
# 6 REFORM ELECTIONS
#7 DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS
CLEAN UP GOVERNMENT
REFORMERS CLASH WITH POLITICALBOSSES AND POLITICAL MACHINES
#1 REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT Cities begin appointing experts, such as city-
managers, not politicians to run cities. Ex: Galveston, Texas.
#2 REFORM MAYORS Progressive and Reform mayors begin winning
office, esp. Detroit and Cleveland.
#3 REFORM GOVERNORS Robert M. La Follette –famous progressive
governor of Wisconsin. Founded the Progressive Party.
PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
#4 PROTECT WORKERS Workmen’s Compensation Shirtwaist Fire (1911) –
catalyst for reform 1916: Keating-Owen
Act –Prohibited the sale of goods produced with child labor across state lines. Sadly, it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
By 1920 child labor is HALF what it had been in 1910.
# 5 EFFORTS TO LIMIT WORKING HOURS
Maximum hours
Minimum wage
Muller v. Oregon (1908) – Supreme Court recognized protection for women in workplace by limiting their hours
Bunting v. Oregon (1917) – Supreme Court recognized 10 hour work day for men.
# 6 REFORM ELECTIONS
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct primaries
Secret Ballots
7. 17th Amendment
Clause 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
Clause 2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of each State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
Clause 3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
•Direct election of senators
•What was wrong with the process before?
TERMS
Progressive movement
Florence Kelley Prohibition Muckraker Scientific
management Robert M. La Follette Initiative Referendum Recall 17th Amendment
OBJECTIVES:1. Explain the four goals
of progressivism
2. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up local government
3. Identify progressive efforts to clean up state government, protect workers, and reform elections.
WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE
OBJECTIVES:1.Trace women’s growing presence in the turn-of-the-century workforce.2.Summarize women’s leadership in reform movements and the effort to achieve woman suffrage
Women in the Work Force
The cult of domesticity began to wear off during the Industrial Revolution
Many African American and immigrant women began to work◦ In 1870, roughly 70% of female jobs were as
servants
By 1900, women were working in factories, laundries and canneries.
As business expanded, women began to take “white collar” jobs◦ Teaching, stenographers, bookkeepers, typists etc.
Women Leadership in Reform
Women began to attend college in the late 19th century
Schools like Harvard and Columbia who did not allow women established colleges for women
NACW – National Association of Colored Women
Managed nurseries, reading rooms and kindergartens
Allowed African American women to have an impactful role in society
Right to vote Women fought for suffrage
Women fought for suffrage in 3 different approaches 1. State level (Wyoming 1869) 2. Pursued court cases to test 14th
Amendment 3. Push for a national amendment
Susan B. Anthony- was a leader in the women’s suffrage movement “Would sooner cut off my right hand than
ask the ballot for black man and not for women.” - S.B.A.
Women formed the NAWSA, National American Woman Suffrage Association
Through their efforts, they did not achieve suffrage but brought the issue to the public. The 19th Amendment was finally passed in 1919.
TERMS NACW
Suffrage
Susan B. Anthony
NAWSA
OBJECTIVES:
1. Trace women’s growing presence in the turn-of-the-century workforce.
2. Summarize women’s leadership in reform movements and the effort to achieve woman suffrage
17.3 TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration
Theodore Roosevelt
Governor of NY. Reformer. Hero of Spanish American War.
Nominated to be Vice-President by Republican party bosses. WHY??
1901 Pres. McKinley assassinated, TR becomes President.
Creates the “modern presidency” b/c of his popularity with the public and use of media/press.
Uses White House as a “bully pulpit” What did he do to turn it into a “bully pulpit”?
How did Roosevelt redefine Federal Power?
1. “Square Deal”
Roosevelt’s package of reforms
Expands the use of federal power to reform US
Why was it called the Square Deal?
2. Arbitrates the 1902 Coal Strike
What was happening in the coal mines?
Threatened to assume control of mines
HISTORICALSIGNIFICANCE:
Govt. did not automatically back big business
3. Trust Busting
Mixed record of success
Mixed message - considers some trusts good and other bad.
Focused on filing suits under Sherman Antitrust Act of 1902
Filed 44 antitrust lawsuits
4. Railroad regulation
Elkins Act of 1903 - illegal for railroads to give or receive rebates
Hepburn Act of 1906 - strictly limited the distribution of free railroad passes
These gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to curb the railroads power through federal regulation.
PROTECTING HEALTH
1906: Meat Inspection Act: Dictated strict
cleanliness for meat factories
(reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle)
What did The Jungle say?
1906: Pure Food and Drug Act Halted the sale of
contaminated food and medicines and called for truth in labeling
Roosevelt and REFORM
CONSERVATION Created US Forest
Service
Creates over 50 national parks & wilderness areas
CIVIL RIGHTS
Ambiguous record dealing with Civil Rights
Hosted Booker T. Washington at White House,
Yet, did not embrace reforms of NAACP What was the goal
of the NAACP?
TERMS
Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal The Jungle Upton Sinclair Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug
Act Conservation NAACP
OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration
PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFTObjectives:
1.Summarize the Taft Presidency
2.Trace the division of the Republican party
3.Describe the election of 1912
Taft’s Presidency• “Never felt like the President”
• Busted 90 trusts but never got the credit he deserved
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff ▫ Signed into law by Taft▫ Didn’t really lower tariffs like Progressives wanted to
Why were Progressives in favor of lowering tariffs?
• Public Land problems – Taft ended up selling many western lands to big business angering conservatives
Republican Party Splits Conservative Republicans and Progressive
Republicans split
Speaker of House Joseph Cannon often ignored Progressive bills
He was supported by Taft
Election of 1910 - the Democrats regain Congress in 1910 for first time in 18 years
Bull Moose Party• Angry at Taft’s lack of success,
Roosevelt ran for President again
• Created the Progressive Party which came to be known as the Bull Moose Party.
People boasted Teddy was strong as a “bull moose”
• Were in favor of Progressive reforms▫ Initiative, referendum, women’s
suffrage, minimum wage etc.
• Democrats selected Woodrow Wilson to represent them.
Election of 1912
• Taft and Roosevelt attacked each other during the campaign
• Taft – lenient on Big Business
• Roosevelt – govt. action to support big business, but didn’t oppose all of them
• Wilson – small business and free-market competition, ALL big business = EVIL
• Debs – end to capitalism
“Don’t interfere when your enemy is destroying himself”
TERMS
William Howard Taft
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Bull Moose Party
Woodrow Wilson
• Objectives:
1. Summarize the Taft Presidency
2. Trace the division of the Republican party
3. Describe the election of 1912
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