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Strong acids ionize completely, strong electrolyte reacts completely with water to form H3O+
assume the [H3O+] is equal to the initial acid conc.
shown as >99% over the yield/equilibrium arrow
Strong Acids to know HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3
>99%
Weak Acids compounds with acidic properties that
ionizes partially in solution weak electrolytes can assume any acid not on the SA list is
weak Ex. acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid
reacts partially with water to form relatively few H3O+
must calculate [H3O+] since small amount of initial acid ionizes
shown as <50% over the yield/equilibrium arrow
<50%
most make OH- ions strong bases dissociate into OH- ions and
metal ion Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH-
LiOH Li+ + OH-
weak bases take a H+ from water and make OH-
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OH-
also called %rxtn. with water in acid-base sol’n theory, reaction with water
means the same as ionization in water the higher the conc. of the weak acid
sol’n the lower its % ionization if we know the pH or initial acid conc. of a
weak acid solution we can calculate the % ionization
Orange juice has a citric acid concentration of 0.23M and at equilibrium 3.1% has reacted to form H3O+ . Calculate the [H3O+ ]
Solution use formula to solve
3[ ]100%
[ ]
H Op
HA
3[ ]3.1%
0.23
H O
M
33.1
[ ] 0.23100
H O M
Plug in and solve for [H3O+ ].
3[ ] 0.00713H O M or3
3[ ] 7.13 10H O M
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