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14. Motherboards. Dezső Sima Fall 2006. D. Sima, 2006. Overview. 1 Predecessors. 2 Desktop motherboards. 2.1 Overview. 2.2 AT. 2.3 Baby AT. 2.4 LPX. 2.5 ATX. 2.6 NLX. 2.7 BTX. 3 Server/workstation motherboards. 4 Overview of the evolution of motherboards. 1. Predecessors (1). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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14. Motherboards
Dezső Sima
Fall 2006
D. Sima, 2006
2 Desktop motherboards•
2.2 AT•
Overview
3 Server/workstation motherboards•
1 Predecessors•
2.4 LPX
• 2.3 Baby AT
•
2.5 ATX•
2.7 BTX
• 2.6 NLX
•
2.1 Overview•
4 Overview of the evolution of motherboards•
1. Predecessors (1)
Figure 1.1: Main features of early IBM/PCs
Baby AT
AT
Min. on-board
Max. on-board Size KB 8-bit 16-bit inches mm
IBM/PC 5150 8/81 8088 4.77 16 KB 64 KB Soldered+DIPP no no 5 -
IBM/PC-XT 5160 Mod. 087 3/83 8088 4.77 128 KB 256 KB DIPP no 360 K 10 MB 8 - 8.5"*12" 216*305
5170 Mod. 068 8/84 80286 6 256 KB 512 KB no 1.2 M -
5170 Mod. 099 8/84 80286 6 512 KB 512 KB no 360 K 20 MB 2 6 12"*13.8" 305*350 Type 1 MOB
Mod. 239 10/85 80286 6 512 KB 512 KB no 720 K 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB
Mod. 319 4/86 80286 8 512 KB 512 KB 1.44 M 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB
Mod. 339 4/86 80286 8 512 KB 512 KB 1.44 M 30 MB 2 6 9.3"*13.8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB
IBM/PC XT-286 9/86 80286 6 640 KB 1.2 M 20 MB
Motherboard sizeFDChipset
HDMemory size No. of ISA slotsRemarks
IBM/PC-AT
Date of Proc. fcDesignation Type Type
Mhzintro. type
Memory
1
1
BASIC compiler in PROM, up to two optional
5162 640 KB
DIPP
DIPP
DIPP
DIPP
DIPP
DIPP+SIMM/30
no
no
no
(standard)
5 1/4
31/2
5 1/4
5 1/4
5 1/4
31/2
31/2
(standard)MB
2 6
3 5
12"*13.8"
8.6"*13"
305*350
218*330
Type 1 MOB
5 1/4FD with 160 KB/diskette, the max. on-board memory was increased to 256 KB in 3/83.2
3
3
4
2
Several further models followed with enhanced features.
84-Key keyboard.
4
101-Key keyboard.
4
1. Predecessors (2)
Figure 1.2: The motherboard of the IBM PC
5x ISA/16
Source: http://www.tomh.net/museum/mobo/pccassif.html
Keyboard
Casette
DMAvezérlő
ParallelI/O
Intel 8088CPU
8087 arithm.proc. socket
RAM
16-64 kbyteor
64-256 kbyte
ROM
PC
1. Predecessors (3)
Min. on-board
Max. on-board 8-bit 16-bit Inches mm
11/82 8088 4.77 128 KB 256 KB Soldered no 5 -
10/83 8088 4.77 128 KB 640 KB
DIPP
no yes 5 - 372*180
6/84 80286 8 128 KB 640 KB
4/85 80286 8 256 KB 2125 KB yes 3 5 8.6"*13" 330*218
4/85 80286 8 256 KB 640 KB yes 3 2 8.6"*13" 330*218
2/86 80286 8 128 KB 640 KB
8 -
~12"*10" 302*256
9/86 80386 16
Motherboard size
Chipset IDEMemory size No. of ISA slots
RemarksDate of Proc. fc
Designation TypeMhz
intro. typeMemory
1
1
The Compaq Portable delivered 3/83 was the first 100x compalible IBM/PC clone.
Compaq Portable
Compaq Portable Plus
Compaq Deskpro
Compaq Desktop 286
Compaq Portable 286
Compaq Portable II
Compaq Deskpro 386
DIPP
DIPP
DIPP yes
332*333
Figure 1.3: Main features of early COMPAQ PCs
Baby AT
Figure 2.1: Genealogy of major form factors
2. Main types of motherboards
2.1. Overview (1)
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
9/03
12/99
1/98
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
1
1
LPX2
2
ATX3
3
4
NLX4 ATX w/riser5
5
microATX6
6
7
picoBTX7
microBTX7
BTX7
Baby AT: Smaller board size through higher integrated components (chip sets)
Non-standardized slimline design with a central mounted riser card allowing 2-3 expansion slots
Through better component arrangement reduced cost and EMI emission, integrated AGP (from version 2.02 on)
Standardized, improved slimline design with an edge mounted riser card, integrated AGP
Low cost slimline ATX design by using a riser card with 2-3 expansion slots
Reduced size low cost ATX design with up to four expansion slots
In-line core layout to improve system cooling with scalable board dimensions
Chipsets Slimboxes
Enhancedversion
Valueoriented
Efficientcooling
Enhancedversion
Valueoriented
Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures
2.1. Overview (2)
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
9/03
12/99
1/98
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
LPX2
ATX3
NLX4 ATX w/riser5
microATX6
picoBTX7
microBTX7
BTX7
PCI
1987 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 1995
ISA
8.33 MHz8/16-bit
EISA
8.33 MHz32-bit
PCI33 MHz32-bit
PCI v.2
33 MHz64-bit
PCI v.2.11
33/66 MHz32/64-bit
Figure 2.3: Introducing the PCI bus
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
9/03
12/99
1/98
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
LPX
ATX
NLX ATX w/riser
microATX
picoBTX
microBTX
BTX
PCI HUB architecture
Figure 2.2: Introducing new types of system architectures
2.1. Overview (2)
P
MCH
ICH
HUB architecture
P
System contr.
Perif. contr.
PCI architecture
PCI
ISA PCI
Figure 2.4: Contrasting the PCI and the HUB architectures
Figure 2.5: Introducing new types of memory modules
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
9/03
12/99
1/98
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
LPX
ATX
NLX ATX w/riser
microATX
picoBTX
microBTX
BTX
SIMM/72 DIMM/168
2.1. Overview (3)
Figure 2.6: Introducing new types of buses
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
9/03
12/99
1/98
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
LPX
ATX
NLX ATX w/riser
microATX
picoBTX
microBTX
BTX
PCI ATAUSB
AGP AC ‘97SATA
PCI-ELPC
2.1. Overview (4)
Figure 2.7: Salient features of major form factors
2.1. Overview (5)
AT
Baby AT
LPX (Western Digital)
NLX
ATX
MicroATX
BTX
MicroBTX
PicoBTX
Type of Typical board measures (W*D) CaseDate ofintro.
Quasi-standard 12"*13.8"
9.6"*9.6"
mm
244*244
8.6"*13" (~9"-13")
9"*13" (~9"-13")
(8"-9")*(10"-13.6")
12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")
12.8"*10.5"
10.4"*10.5"
8"*10.5"
305*244 (~178-244)
325*267
305*350
218*330 (~229-330)
229*330 (~229-330)
(203-229)*(254-345)
Full AT, Full Tower
Baby AT
ATX
Slimline
264*267
203*267
8/84
~1985
~1987
8/95
9/03
9/03
9/03
strandard inches
11/96
1/98
Quasi-standard
Quasi-standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Slimline
W: Maximum allowable widthD: Maximum allowable depth
Typ. nr. of I/O-slots
ATX with riser 12/99 Standard
MicroATX with riser 12/99 Standard Slimline
Slimline
8
7/8
3/4
7
3/4
7
4
4
1
2/3
2/3
MicroATX
BTX
MicroBTX
PicoBTX
9.6"*9.6"
12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")
244*244
305*244 (~178-244)
305K
BD
8/16-bit ISA slots
DIPP
CPU(286)
PC
KBD
350
2.2. AT (1)
Figure 2.8: Layout of an AT-motherboard
2.2. AT (2)
Figure 2.9: The motherboard of the IBM PC/AT
2x 8 bit/5x 16 bit
ISA
Keyboard
Intel 8088CPU
8087 arithm.proc. socket
DRAM512 Kbyte
PC
Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm
2.2. AT (3)
This is a Western Digital Disk Drive Interface Card. This is a Case Interface, both parallel and serial.
Figure 2.10: Adapter cards of the IBM PC/AT
Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm
2.3. Baby AT (1)
Power connector
CPU(386)
KBD
8/16-bit ISA slots
L2 cache DIPP
PC
SIMM/30
218
244
Figure 2.11: Layout of an early Baby AT-motherboard
2.3. Baby AT (2)
ISA/16 slots
CPU(Pentium)
KBD
SIMM/72PCI/32 slots
L2 cache
HDFD PC
218
230
Figure 2.12: Layout of a late Baby AT-motherboard
2.3. Baby AT (3)
Figure 2.13: Example: A Pentium-based late Baby AT-motherboard
CPU
3x PCI/32
4x SIMM/723x ISA/16
L2
Periph.contr.
FD
IDE
Systemcontr.
PC
2.4. LPX (1)
229
FD
PC
HD
L2 cache
I/O connectors
RAM SIMM/72
330Riser card
ISA/16
PCI/32
CPU
Pentium
DIPP
Figure 2.14: Layout of an LPX-motherboard
2.4. LPX (2)
Figure 2.15: Example: A Pentium-based LPX-motherboard (The PB680 from Packard Bell)source: http://www.geocities.com/anotherpackardbellsite/en_pb_carte680.htm#1
2.5. ATX (1)
Figure 2.16: Layout principles of an ATX case
1 Double-high expandable I/O
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
MIDI/Game port
Line Out Line In Mic In
MIDI/Game port
VGA COM1
USBPS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyb.
Figure 2.17: Double height connectors of an ATX motherboard
Source: ABIT SL6 Users’s Manualhttp://www.abit.com.tw
2.5. ATX (1)
Figure 2.18: Layout principles of an ATX case
1 Double-high expandable I/O 2 One chassis fan
3 Processor located near power supply
4 One power connector
5 Connectors close to peripheral bays
6 Easy to access system memory
7 Six full-length slots
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
2.5. ATX (2)
Figure 2.19: Placement of the mounting holes on the AT, Baby AT, and ATX motherboards
ATX
Baby AT AT
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
Main types of ATX motherboards
EarlyPCI-based
430
IDE/ATA
Pentium
LatePCI-based
440
AGP
PentiumII/PentiumIII
(slot 1)
Early port-based
81x/82x
PentiumIII
Matureport-based
84x/86x
Serialport-based
915
PCI-E
Pentium4 Pentium4
Example Example Example Example
USB
Chipset
I/O
Processor
2.5. ATX (3)
Typ.Memory
SIMM/72 DIMM/168
Prescott
Figure 2.20: Main types of ATX motherboards
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
12/99
8/95
11/961987
~1985
AT
Baby AT
8/84
1
LPX2
ATX3
NLX4 ATX w/riser5
Late PCIbased
Early portbased
Mature portbased
Serial portbased
2.5. ATX (4)
Figure 2.21: Layout of a late PCI-based ATX-motherboard
2.5. ATX (5)
PC
ISA/16
I/O connector
HD
DIMM/168
PCI/32
AGP
FD
PC
305
186
USB
Slot1 (Pentium II/III)
Figure 2.22: A late PCI-based motherboard for PentiumIIs (MSI’s MS-6111)
(Based on Intel’s 440LX chipset for slot 1 processors (1997)Source: http://www.msi.com.tw/program/support/download
CPU(Slot1)
4x PCI/32
4x DIMM/168
Peripherialcontr.
FD
IDE
System contr.
PC
BIOS
AGP ATX connectors
Battery
3x ISA/16
2.5. ATX (6)
Figure 2.23: Layout of an early port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium III/Pentium4 processors.
PC
ISA/16
I/O connector
HD
DIMM/168
PCI/32
AGP
FD
PC
305
186
USB
CPU(Pentium III)
2.5. ATX (7)
Figure 2.24: Early, port based ATX motherboard for Pentium IIIs (Abit’s SL6)
(based on Intel’s 815 chipset) Source: http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb
5x PCI/32 AGPCNRATX connectors
CPU
MCH
3x DIMM
ICH
FD
IDE
BIOS
Battery
PC
2.5. ATX (8)
Fgure 2.25: Mature port-based ATX motherboard for Pentium4 processors (Intel’s D865PERL)
CPU (P4)
4x PCI/32
4x DIMM/168ICH
FD
IDE
MCHPC
BIOS
AGP ATX connectors
Battery
2.5. ATX (9)
Source: http://www.intel.com/products/motherboard/d865perl/index.htm
2.5. ATX (10)
Figure 2.26: Layout of a serial-port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescott processors.
I/O connector
FD
PCI/32
PCI E. x1
CPU(Pentium 4)
PCSATA
PCI E. x16
HDDIMM/168
305
244
PS FDIDE2xIDE
3x PCI/32
2x PCI Ex1
PCI Ex16
4x DIMM
Figure 2.27: Serial port-based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescotts (MSI’s 915G Combo)4x SATA
P4 Prescott
IHC6/6R
MCH(915P/G)
Bat
IDE RAID c.(VIA 6410)
2x USB
BIOS
Syst. monitoring
2.5. ATX (11)
http://www.pricegrabber.com/search_getprod.php/masterid=3191326
2.6. NLX (1)
I/O connectors
SIMM/168
AGP
Slot1 (Pentium II/III)
PCI/32
HD
FD
ISA/16
Riser card
PC
229
330
Figure 2.28: Layout of an NLX-motherboard
2.6. NLX (2)
Figure 2.29: View of an NLX-motherboard
Source: Intel Corporation, Intel NLX Form Factorhttp://www.intel.com
2.7. BTX (1)
Figure 2.30: Overview of BTX-motherboard sizes
Source: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003http://www.anandtech.com/
2.7. BTX (2)
Figure 2.31: Layout of a micro BTX-motherboard
325
I/O connector
FD
PCI/32
PCI E. x1
CPU(Pentium4)
PC
SATA
PCI E. x16
HD
MCH
ICH
DIPP/168
267
2.7. BTX (3)
Figure 2.32: A micro BTX-motherboard (Intel’s D915GMH)CPU
4x DIMM/168
ATX connectors
MCH
ICH
PC
PCI
PCI-X/64
IDE
FD
http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/mh
2.7. BTX (4)
Figure 2.33: Temperature distribution in the example motherboardSource: Shimpi A.L., „Balanced Technology eXtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003
http://www.anandtech.com/
Figure 3.1: Block diagram of a pserial port-based entry level server motherboard ( P8SCT)
3. Server/workstation motherboards (1)
Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm
Figure 3.2: Example: A P4-based ATX-board for entry-level servers (The P8SCT from Supermicro)
3. Server/workstation motherboards (2)
Source:http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/P4/E7221/P8SCT.cfm
4x DIMMATX connectors
ICH
CPU
IDE
MCHE7221
PCI
PCI-X64bit
IDE
2x GbE
IPMI
IPMI: Intelligent Platform Management Interface
• Set of common hardware and firmware interfaces to manage the system remotely
• Operates independently of the OS
• Operates even in the absence of the OS or if the monitored system is not powered on
• Alerts can be sent out via a serial or LAN connection to a remote client (from v. 1.5 on)
• It allows to query platform status, to review hardware logs, etc.
IPMI consists of a main controller, called BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) and other satellite controllers.
(Intel, HP, DELL, NEC)
3. Server/workstation motherboards (3)
BaseboardBaseboard System Bus
BaseboardBaseboardMgmt.Mgmt.
ControllerController(BMC)(BMC)I2C/SMBus
SDR, SDR, SEL, SEL, FRUFRU
NV Store
ChassisChassis
sensors& controlcircuitry
FRU SEEPROMFRU SEEPROM
SatelliteSatelliteMgmt.Mgmt.
ControllerController
System InterfaceSystem Interface
SENSORs& controlcircuitry
I2 C /
SM
Bu
s
SMBus/PCI Mgmt. BusMgmtMgmtNetwkNetwkCtrlrCtrlr
LAN
PCI
RS-232
MODEM/ Serial
“side-band”
IPMB (I2C)
Aux. IPMB
BridgeBridgeControllerController
ICMBRemoteMgmt. Card
IPMI Messages
3. Server/workstation motherboards (4)
Figure 3.2: IPMI ArchitectureSource:http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi
Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard
3. Server/workstation motherboards (5)
Figure 3.3:Blockdiagram of a serial port based DP-server (Intel’s SE7525GP2)
Figure 3.4: Serial port based DP-server board of ATX style (Intel’s SE7525GP2) Source: http://www.intel.com/products/server/motherboard
3. Server/workstation motherboards (6)
ATX connectors
MCH(I7525)
PCI-X 64-bit
RegisteredECC DDR
PCI Expr. x8
PCI
HW management
PRO/1000 serveradapter
IDE
DualProcessor
ICH
PCI Expr. x16
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (1)
Figure 4.1: Evolution of the implementation of I/O controllers
On an ISA/PCI adapter card
By dedicated controller chips on the motherboard
1
2
Examples:
VGA controller
IDE/ATA controller
By the chipsetOn-board 2On card 1
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (2)
Figure 4.2: Estimated use of form factors in announced motherboards
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
ˇ~2004
~1998
~1996
~1997
8/84
83828180
~1985
~1987
LPX
AT
Baby AT
NLX
ATX
microATX
BTX
microBTX
picoBTX
Form factors ofannounced
motherboards
~2000
ATX w/riser
79
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (3)
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 05898887868584
ˇ~2004
~1998
~1996
~1997
8/84
83828180
~1985
~1987
LPX
AT
Baby AT
NLX
ATX
microATX
BTX
microBTX
picoBTX
286
386
486
Pentium
Pentium Pro
Pentium II
Pentium III
Pentium 4
Processors usedin the motherboards
Formfactors ofannounced
motherboards
~2000
ATX w/riser
8088
79
6/79
2/82
10/85
4/89
3/93
11/95
5/97
3/99
11/00
Figure 4.3: Estimated use of supported processor types in announced motherboards
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (4)
DRAM
FPM
EDO
SDRAM
RDRAM
DIPP
SIPP/30
SIMM/30
SIMM/72
DIMM/168
~1996
1981
2000
~1987
1995
1995
~1989
~1984
~1983
1981
DRAM technologyand packaging
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 058988878685848382818079
ˇ~2004
~1998
~1996
~1997
8/84
~1985
~1987
LPX
AT
Baby AT
NLX
ATX
microATX
BTX
microBTX
picoBTX
Formfactors ofannounced
motherboards
~2000
ATX w/riser
Figure 4.4: Estimated use of DRAM technology and packaging style in announced motherboards
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (5)
ISA
PCI
PCI-X
PCI-E
USB
LPC
AGP
ATA
SATA
MbE
2004
1981
1996
1992
2000
1991?
2003
1995
~1991
1997Supported I/O
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 999190 02 030100 04 058988878685848382818079
ˇ~2004
~1998
~1996
~1997
8/84
~1985
~1987
LPX
AT
Baby AT
NLX
ATX
microATX
BTX
microBTX
picoBTX
Formfactors ofannounced
motherboards
~2000
ATX w/riser
GbE
AC/97
2002
SCSI1997
2002
1999
1984
8 16
1993 1995 1998 2002
v2.0 v2.1 v2.2 v2.3
2004
1.0 2.0
20021999
2x 4x 8x
1997 20001999
ATA-2 ATA/33 ATA/66 ATA/100
1.0
20012000
Implemented on-board
Implemented on-chipset
1991?
Figure 4.5: Estimated I/O-support in announced motherboards
Recommended