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SERVICES
By Engr. Syed Iftikhar Ahmad
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What are services ?
Services are the facilities for a building.Following are the common services for aresidential and commercial building
1. Water supply system2. Sanitary system
3. Gas supply system
4. Drainage system
5. Electricity supply system6. Telephone facility
7. Internet facility
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Services Groups
Services system consists of
arrangement of pipes or wires with in
or on to surface of the primaryelements of building
Services in a building can be broadly
classify in to two groups1. Those which require pipes
2. Those which require wires
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Pipe services materials
Pipe material can be of following types
1. Lead
2. Copper
3. Stainless steel4. Mild steel
5. Cast Iron (CI) (BS 78, BS 437 and BS 4622)
6. Vitrified clay (BS 65)
7. Concrete
8. pitch fiber (BS 2760)
9. Asbestos cement (AC)
10. galvanized iron (GI)
11. Plastic PVC (BS 3506 ,4660)
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Wired service material
wired material is know as conductor
through which electricity can flow
easily and the conductor coveringmaterial is called insulator
Copper is the most common material
for conductor PVC is the most suitable material as
insulator
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services required wired
service Sr. no 5 to 6 requires wires.
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Water supply system
Cold water system
Hot water system
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Cold water system
Cold water system provide water for
the following purposes.
1. Drinking purpose
2. Cooking purpose
3. Sanitary purpose
4. Washing purpose
5. Gardening
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Types of Cold water system
Cold water system is of two types
1. Direct system
2. Indirect system
Water is drawn from main service pie ofWASA(water & sanitary Authority).
Different valves are used like
Stop valve (connect or isolate the W/S from main
service) Drain cock (connect or isolate the interW/S system
of building
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Direct system
In this system main service pipepressure is considered as constant
and in the system water is directlydistributed in the building throughsmaller diameterPipes but for hotwater system water provide for
storage by a rising main into a storagecistern OHR as show in fig
lesser pipe lengths are required.
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Direct
System
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Indirect system In the system water is first feed to water cistern or OHR
In this system water is distributed in the building by mean of pipes ofdifferent sizes. The size of pipes depend on the
1. Quality of water
2. Length of pipe
3. Water pressure available
more pipe lengths are required in this system.
Air pocket must be avoided as they could lead to air lock
water supply is controlled at various points by mean of valves orstopcocks like ..
Ball valve ( To control the level of water in OHR Gate valve ( To isolate or shutoff supply to various parts of system)
Reflux or no return valve (It is used to maintain one directionalflow in pipes.
Pillar taps (to provide user control)
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Indirect
system
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Hot water system
Hot water system provide hot water for
1. Bathing
2. Space heating3. Washing
Source of heat in cither
1. Boiler
2. Electrical heat
3. Geyser
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Types of Hot water system
Hot water system is of two types
1. Direct
2. Indirect
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Types of Hot water system
Direct system
in this system hot water circulates b/w Boiler
and OHR water rain off as required Indirect system
in the system water circulates b/w boiler &
storage but does not mixed with it.
An expansion pipe is provided its allowdischarge extra water in cold water cistern
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Direct
system
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Indirect
system
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Cold water system layout
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Cold water system (Direct)
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Cold water system (Indirect)
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Cold water cistern
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Drainage system
Drainage system is provided for Drainage water used for wash & sanitary
purposes
Rain water disposal In sanitary system different appliances are
used like
Soil appliances like water closets urinals &Bidet
Waste appliances like wash basin & sink Soil appliances contains night soil
Waste appliance contains waste water
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Types of drainage systems
Combined system
Totally separate system
Partially separate system
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Man Holes
For inspection & clean in chambersare provided at
1. Junctions2. Change in direction
3. Change in grade
When depth is up to 900 mmInspection & cleaning chamber is
called Man hole
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Sanitary fitting & fixture
Sanitary fittings are provided for user to use thefacility & fixture are provided with the fitting to makethen in working condition
1. Fitting2. Wash hand bars
3. water closet
4. Bidet
5. Sinks
Fixtures1. Traps
2. Bends
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Gas system
Gas system provides natural gas to gas applianceslike
1.
Geysers2. Cooking ranges
3. Gas burners
Gas become highly explosive when mixed with airso gas system must be free from leakage
Temperature change may lead to condensation in
main pipe so a slight slope is provide to avidaccumulation of water to block the pipe
A gas meter & control cocks are provided.
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Electrical system
Electrical system is require for
several purposes like
1. Lighting2. Heating
3. Electrical appliance
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Types of Electrical system
Electrical supply system is of two
type
1. 240 volts system2. 110 volts system
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Electrical system
Electrical system is dived in a series of circuits like
1. Light circuit
2. Heating circuit
3. Power circuit The whole system must be earth by connect the
electrical system special conductor & passer intoground
for high rise building a lightning conductor is
provided Circuits are isolated by mean of fuse and switcher
are provided to control the supply
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Type of Electrical Wiring
Electrical wiring is provided either on
1. Wooden battens (old system)
2. PVC pipes
3. Metal tubes (conduit) PVC pipes & metal tube can either be
provided on the surface or in groves madebefore plasters in residential buildingsunder ground system is common &esthetically good
In industrial buildings metal tubes areprovided on surface.
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Telephone system
It is a specialist services.
Operated at a relatively low voltage
Its wring should be separated fromelectrical supply system.
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Flat Roof
Drainage
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Sloppy
RoofDrainage
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Surface
water
drainage
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Inspection chamber
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Inspection chamber
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Drainage
Systems
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Valves & joints
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Pipe Joints
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