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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Objectives
• Define computer engineering.• Explain the operation of logic gates.• Understand the purpose of databases.• Describe the uses of algorithms.• Describe the function of basic parts of a personal
computer.• Understand binary code.• Give examples of computer engineering
applications.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
About Computer Engineering
• Overlap of electrical, software, and hardware engineering
• Focus on designing, building, and troubleshooting hardware and software
• Work alone on projects or in teams with engineers from other disciplines
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Education Typically Required
• Bachelor’s degree– Computer engineering– Electrical engineering– Computer science– Hardware engineering
• Associate’s degree– Computer engineering technology– Repair, maintenance, and installation of computer
hardware and software
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Engineering Principles
• Strong background in electrical concepts required• Understanding of various computer principles
– Logic– Databases– Algorithms– Computer architecture– Digital signal processing
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Logic
• System of operations performed by computer • Computers function based solely on parameters
that have been set up for them• Gates are implemented digitally through use of
diodes, transistors, relays, and other devices
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Types of Logic Gates
• AND gate• OR gate• NOT gate• NOR gate
• NAND gate• XOR gate• XNOR gate
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Database
• Structured system of storing data in a computer system
• Make information easy to access by people who need it and secure it from people who should not have access
• Computer engineers design database hardware and software
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Algorithms
• Step-by-step procedures for solving problems or completing tasks
• Used in designing many computer programs
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Architecture
• Refers to how computers are designed– Central processing unit (CPU)– Motherboard– Power supplies– Hard disc– Operating systems– Memory– Ports
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Performs all functions of computer• Interprets and executes commands• Includes the microprocessor• Made up on single integrated circuit (IC) chip called
microprocessor• Located on motherboard
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Motherboard
• Main circuit board• All other components are connected• Houses the CPU• Houses other critical components
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Power Supplies
• Built into computers• Convert 120 volts of ac into lower voltage of direct
current to power computer components• Supply direct current for 3.3 volts and 5.5 volts for
digital circuitry• Supply 12 volts dc for mechanical devices in
computers
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Hard Disc
• Stores data on rotating platters
• Read/write heads read or write data
• Data is not lost when power is disconnected
• Data is managed by dividing discs into small segments George Dolgikh/Shutterstock.com
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Operating Systems
• Manage operation of computer• Allow user to interact with computer, allocate
resources, and organize and control hardware and software
• Can be updated over time to meet changing needs without replacing entire machine
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Memory
• Read-only memory (ROM)• Basic input/output systems (BIOS)• Random-access memory (RAM)• Cache memory• Flash memory
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Ports
• Connections where external devices can be plugged into your computer
• USB ports are common and versatile
• FireWire ports are used for digital and video devices Mladen Mitrinovic/Shutterstock.com
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Digital Signal Processing
• Series of ones and zeros• One is on and zero is off• Binary code• Example
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Software Engineering
• Application of engineering principles to software design
• Systematic, quantifiable approach to software development
• Disciplined approach following steps of engineering design process
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Engineering Applications
• Human-computer interaction (HCI)• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)• Computer numerical control (CNC)• Robotics• Integrated circuits (ICs)
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
• How people interact with computers• Takes place at user interface, where people deal
with computers• Occurs at input and output ends• Deals with user satisfaction
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
• Manufacturing process where computers control entire production process
• Part are designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software and are made using CNC equipment
• Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is used to design processes used to manufacture parts
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
• Automation of machine tools using computers
• Products designed using CAD and imported into computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software
• CAM software creates codes for machine movement
Mircea BEZERGHEANU/Shutterstock.com
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Robotics
• Automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose robots
• Increase production and decrease cost • Perform dangerous and dirty tasks• Autonomous robots are programmed to respond to
the world around them
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Degrees of Freedom
Baloncici/Shutterstock.com; Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
End-of-Arm Tooling
• Tools attached to robotic arms to do work– Mechanical grippers– Magnetic grippers– Suction cups– Sprayers– Grinders– Welders– Cutters
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
• Combination of many semiconductors and other components
• Designed to perform specific function or variety of functions
• Allow electronics to become smaller and use less energy
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Integrated Circuit Design
• Multiple electronic circuits etched into thin material• Drawn much larger so all details can be seen by
engineers• Drawn in layers to help differentiate between types
of components• Certain parts of design cannot touch or circuit can
short
Design
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Computer Engineering in Action
• Design of software and hardware that work seamlessly together for user’s benefit
• Physical part of devices must be designed so they function together with software
• Must meet user needs
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Virtual Reality
• Most virtual reality applications are visual
• Sound is often provided to increase sensation
• Haptics provides feedback through user’s sense of touch
• Gaming and training uses
Leah-Anne Thompson/Shutterstock.com
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