View
216
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
PADM-GP 2132: ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND SOCIAL IMPACT
Time: Tuesdays 4:55-6:35 (Our Tuesday September 24th class will be rescheduled for Saturday the 28th at 11:00 a.m.)Location: Meyer 261Professor: Paul C. Light, Paulette Goddard Professor Of Public Service, Robert F. Wagner School Of Public Service, New York UniversityEmail: paul.light@nyu.eduPhone: (301) 642-4150 Office Hours: Wednesdays, 1:00-3:00
OVERVIEW
This course is designed to provide a deep introduction to the challenges facing social agents in the quest for a more just, tolerant, healthy, equitable, and educated world. Although the course will focus more deeply on organizational dynamics, its primary focus is on social change.
The course starts with the premise that social impact is the product of a simple logic chain that runs from:
1. The world as it is (which contains a variety of inputs such as your own purpose, work style, and the problem that you care about)
2. The world as it should be (which contains a variety of activities for change such as the tool you pick, the way you imagine the future and handle uncertainty, and the intervention you choose for changing the world)
3. The world as it will be (which contains early outputs such as how you will test your intervention, decide where to strike for maximum impact, scale to greatest impact, and deliver on your promises)
4. The world as it must be (which contains outcomes such as the proof that your intervention is working, your strategy for defending your success from inevitable resistance, and your eventual decision to pass the torch).
These four worlds frame the many discrete steps in the cycle of social impact that will be covered in this course.
The field of social change, if it can be called a field at all, has long focused on celebrating success, which is a perfectly understandable strategy for calling problem solvers to action. But the lack of a control group of less successful efforts has limited the pursuit of leverage points that either accelerate or block impact. As a result, the field has generated long lists of recommendations for creating new worlds, some of which are no doubt important, and others that have no statistically significant relevance.
1
This course will search for rigorous recommendations regarding creating social change as leaders begin the difficult journey to impact. Students will explore these issues through a variety of readings, and their own project work on a problem they wish to solve. Readings will be tailored specifically to show students how they can make a difference, and what they need to know and do to create the world that they imagine.
This search for ways to make a difference will anchor the final paper. Students will focus on a single idea for addressing a problem—large or small, local or international, domestic or foreign policy directed, etc.—that they seek to address. The paper will examine the first two steps of social impact by design: (1) the world as it is, and (2) the world as it should be.” As such, it will focus on each student’s personal view of the world, the evidence to support an effort to change the world (complete with statistics on the research, and the cause problem chain), the choice of a path to change, and the intervention. Students will organize the paper around the first eight sections of the course by answering each question in order. The paper will be due on the last day of class, and should not exceed 20 pages (4,000 words).
BOOKS
Paul C. Light, The Search for Social Entrepreneurship (Full PDF available on NYU Classes)
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Innovation (Complimentary copy provided by Professor Light—pick up your copy the week before class from Jessica Holmes at Wagner 3rd floor)
GRADES
Final grades will be based on three class deliverables.
1. 20 percent for full participation, including attendance (unless excused in advance) and active engagement in class discussions.
2. 20 percent for a final exam in the form of a letter to yourself that I will mail to you in five years.
3. 60 percent for the final project paper.
2
READINGS
All readings are on dropbox.com and NYU Classes. All readings are required. You do not need to understand every statistical equation in the academic articles, but should read the introduction, literature review, discussion of findings, and conclusion. You should also try to understand the main statistical findings to the best of your ability.
Session One/September 3: Course Mottos
Course Mottos
1. It Depends
Jason R. Pierce, and Herman Aguinis, “The Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing Effect in Management,” Journal of Management, 2013
Margaret E. Ormiston, and Elaine M. Wong, “License to Ill: The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and CEO Moral Identity on Corporate Social Irresponsibility,” Personnel Psychology, 2013
2. Form Follows Function
Emma Green, “Innovation: The History of a Buzzword,” The Atlantic, June 20 2013
3. Organization Is Just Another Variable
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Innovation, chapters 1 and 2 (Pick up your copy from the front desk at #3 Washington Square Village—corner of Bleecker and LaGuardia Place)
Paul C. Light, The Search for Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 4 (Section on organizations)
3
THE WORLD AS IT IS
Session Two/September 10: Committing to Change (Why do we care?)
Paul C. Light, Search for Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 4 (Section on entrepreneurs only)
C. Daniel Batson, Nadia Ahmad, and Jo-Ann Tsang, “Four Motives for Community Involvement,” Journal of Social Issues, 2002
Matthijs Baas, Carsten K.W. De Dreu, and Bernard A. Nijstad, “Creative Production by Angry People Peaks Early On, Decreases Over Time, and Is Relatively Unstructured,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2011 (Browse for main findings)
Matt McGue and Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr., “Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Behavioral Differences,” Annual, Review of Neuroscience, 1998 (Browse if you have time)
Session Three/September 17: Cause and Effect (What is the problem? What is the cause? What have we already tried? And why do we need something more or different?)
1. What is the problem? What is the cause?
Government Accountability Office, Prospective Evaluation Methods: The Prospective Evaluation Synthesis, 1990, preface, chapters 1 and 4
2. What have we already tried? Why do we need something more?
Paul C. Light, A Government Ill Executed: The Decline of the Pubic Service and How to Reverse It, chapter 1
Paul C. Light, “Government’s Greatest Priorities of the Next Half Century,” Brookings Institution, 2001
Session Four/September 28: Confronting Reality (What stands in our way?)
(This class will be held on Saturday, September 28 at 9:00 a.m. in Rudin)
1. The Problem with Problems
Horst W. J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber, “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” Policy Sciences, 1973
4
2. The Current Crisis (Browse if you wish)
Frank Rich, “The Stench of Washington,” New York, 2013
Thomas E. Mann & Norman J. Ornstein, “Finding the Common Good in an Era of Dysfunctional Governance,” Daedalus, 2013
Russell J. Dalton, “Citizenship Norms and Political Participation in America: The Good News Is…the Bad News Is Wrong,” Center for the Study of Democracy, Occasional Paper 2006-01, 2006 (Read for an alternative view of the state of the world)
3. The Global Context
Paul C. Light, Global Trust in Government, Memo prepared for the Volcker Alliance for Effective Governance, Salzburg Seminar, fall, 2013
Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi, “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodological and Analytical Issues,” September 2010 (After reading about the indicators and aggregating methodology, visit http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/mc_countries.asp, and see how the indicators work by selecting countries, regions, and/or the world to examine the ratings
4. The Social “Ecosystem ”
Paul Bloom and Gregory Dees, “Cultivate Your Ecosystem,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2008
Session Five/October 1: Managing Uncertainty (What does the future hold?)
Paul C. Light, The Four Pillars of High Performance, chapter 1
Arnoud De Meyer, Christoph H. Loch and Michael T. Pich, “Managing Project Uncertainty: From Variation to Chaos,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 2002
Muhammad Amer, Tugrul U. Daim, Antonie Jetter, “A Review of Scenario Planning,” Futures, 2013
THE WORLD AS IT SHOULD BE
Session Six/October 8: Design Thinking (How do we dream?)
Tim Brown, “Design Thinking,” Harvard Business Review, 2009
5
Andrew B. Hargadon and Yellowlees, “When Innovations Meet Institutions: Edison and the Design of the Electric Light,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 2001 (Browse and note similarities to Brown’s “Design Thinking” and timing—ask whether Brown “borrowed” without attribution?)
Mary Bryna Sanger and Martin A. Levin, “Using Old Stuff in New Ways: Innovation as a Case of Evolutionary Tinkering,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1992
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Innovation, chapter 4
Session Seven/October 22: Four Tools for Social Change (What tool do we need?): (1) Social Exploring, (2) Social Inventing, (3) Social Advocacy, and (4) Social Delivery
PICK AT LEAST THREE OF THE TOOLS LISTED BELOW AND READ THE ENTIRE SET OF READINGS ACCORDINGLY:
SOCIAL EXPLORING(We need to learn more about the problem and the solutions)
1. Get the Facts Right: Social Fact Checking
Brendan Nyhan and Jason Riefler, “Misinformation and Fact-Checking: Research Findings from Social Science,” New America Foundation, February 2012.
Paul C. Light, “Investigations Done Right and Wrong: Government by Investigation, 1945-2012,” Brookings Institution Issue Brief, December 2013.
Paul C. Light, Government by Investigation: Congress, the President, and the Search for Answers,” Brookings Institution, 2014, chapters 2 and 3.
2. Build a Better Measure: Estimate the Social Value
Melinda T. Tuan, “Measuring and/or Estimating Social Value Creation: Insights Into Eight Integrated Cost Approaches,” paper prepared for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2008
Melinda T. Tuan, “Profiles of Eight Integrated Cost Approaches to Measuring and/or Estimating Social Value Creation,” slide presentation, 2008
3. Speak Data to Power: Measure the Impact
6
Robert D. Behn, “Why Measure Performance? Different Purposes Require Different Measures,” Public Administration Review, 2003
Mary Bryna Sanger, “From Measurement to Management: Breaking through the Barriers to State and Local Performance,” Public Administration Review, 2008
Warren S. Stone, and Gerard George, “On the Folly of Rewarding A, While Hoping for B: Measuring and Rewarding Agency Performance in Public-Sector Strategy,” Public Productivity & Management Review, 2007
PICK AT LEAST TWO OF THE FOLLOWING CASE STUDIES AND READ ACCORDINGLY:
Jonathan Bauchet, et al., Latest Findings from Randomized Evaluations of Microfinance, Poverty Action Lab, December, 2011
Mark D. Anderson, “Does Information Matter? The Effect of The Meth Project on Meth Use Among Youths,” Journal of Health Economics, 2010
Doug McAdam, and Cynthia Brandt, “Assessing the Effects of Voluntary Youth Service: The Case of Teach for America,” Social Forces, 2008
4. Search for Answers: Social Impact Reporting
Lisa Lynch, “We’re Going to Crack the World Open: Wikileaks and the Future of Investigative Reporting,” Journalism Practice, 2010
Brant Houston, “The Future of Investigative Journalism,” Daedalus, 2010
Nicholas Smith, and Erica Dawon, “Climategate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust,” Anthony A. Leiserowitz, Edward W. Maibach, Connie Roser-Renouf, American Behavioral Scientist, 2013
5. Protect the Independent Voice: Public Opinionating
Amitai Etzioni, “Reflections of a Sometime-Public Intellectual,” PS, 2010
Henry A. Giroux, “Higher Education Under Siege: Implications for Public Intellectuals,” Thought and Action, 2006
Laura Bettencourt Pires, “Public intellectuals—Past, Present, and Future,” Comunicação & Cultura, 2009
Ellen Barry, “Battling Superstition, Indian Paid with His Life,” New York Times, August 24, 2013
7
6. Imagine It First: Preotyping & Prototyping
Alberto Savoia, Preotype It: Make Sure You Are Building the Right IT before You Build IT Right, electronic edition, 2011
Jeffrey A. Drezner and Meilinda Huang, On Prototyping: Lessons from RAND Research, 2009
7. Confront the Bias Against Creativity: Find the Concealed Barriers
Jennifer S. Meuller, Shimul Melwani, and Jack A. Goncalo, “The Bias Against Creativity: Why People Desire But Reject Creative Ideas,” Psychological Science, 2012
8. Understand the Chaos: Social Sensemaking
Sally Maitlis, and Scott Sonenshein, “Sensemaking in Crisis and Change: Inspiration and Insights From Weick (1988), Journal of Management Studies, 2010
Lars Fugsland, and Jan Mattsson, “Making Sense of Innovation: A Future Perfect Approach,” Journal of Management & Organization, 2011
Tom Stannard, “A ‘Fruitless Obsession with Accuracy’: The Uses of Sensemaking in Public Sector Performance Management,” Local Government Studies, 2011
9. Shape the Solution in Real Time: Formative Evaluation
James A. A. Gamble, A Developmental Evaluation Primer, 2008
10. Track the Advocacy: Evaluating Advocacy
Steven Teles and Mark Schmitt “The Elusive Craft of Evaluating Advocacy,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2011
Ivan Barkhorn, Nathan Huttner, and Jason Blau, “Assessing Advocacy,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2013
11. Scrape the World Clean: Exploit the Big Data
Purdue Big Data Working Group, “Challenges and Opportunities with Big Data: A Community White Paper Developed by Leading Researchers Across the United States,” November, 2012
8
United Nations Global Pulse, “Big Data for Development: Challenges & Opportunities,” May, 2012
SOCIAL INVENTION(We need a new idea)
12. Create A New Combination of Ideas: Social Entrepreneurship (Invention)
Paul C. Light, The Search for Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 1
Peter A. Dacin, M. Tina Dacin, and Margaret Matear, “Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don’t Need a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here,” Academy of Management Perspectives, 2010
13. Let Business Do It: Philanthrocapitalism
The Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal, “Philanthrocapitalism: Savior or Emperor? A Debate,” 2009
Michael Edwards, Just Another Emperor, Demos, 2008, chapters 1 and 2
READ THROUGH THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES AS A CASE STUDY ON PHILANTHROCAPITALISM:
Ataur Rahman Belal, Stuart Cooper, “The Absence of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in Bangladesh,” Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 2011
Stephanie Clifford, and Steven Greenhouse, “Fast and Flawed Inspections of Factories Abroad,” New York Times, September 1, 2013
14. Let Funders Do It: Venture/Strategic Philanthropy
National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, REAL RESULTSWhy Strategic Philanthropy is Social Justice Philanthropy, NCRP, 2013 (Short introduction to the concept)
Karen Mass, and Kellie Liket, “Talk the Walk: Measuring the Impact of Strategic Philanthropy,” Journal of Business Ethics, 2011
David Bornstein, “The Real Future of Clean Water,” New York Times, Opinionator, August 21, 2013
Marc Parry, Kelly Field, and Beckie Supiano, “The Gates Effect,” The Chronicle of Philanthropy, July 14, 2013
9
Christian Seelos & Johanna Mair, “Innovation Is Not the Holy Grail,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2012
15. Let a Miracle Worker Do It: Lone Wolf Inventing
Pino Audia and Christopher Rider, “A Garage and an Idea: What More Does an Entrepreneur Need?” California Management Review, 2005
Jasjit Singh, and Lee Fleming, “Lone Inventors as Sources of Breakthroughs: Myth or Reality?” Management Science, 2010
Elizabeth Watson, “Who or What Creates? A Conceptual Framework for Social Creativity,” Human Resource Development Review, 2007
16. Build an Idea Generator: Structured Creativity
A. Brennan, and L. Dooley, “Networked Creativity: A Structured Management Framework for Stimulating Innovation,” Technovation, 2005
Doris C. C. K. Kowaltowski, Giovana Bianchi, and Vale´ria Teixeira de Paiva, “Methods that May Stimulate Creativity and Their Use in Architectural Design Education,” International Journal of Technology Design Education, 2010
Teresa M. Amabile, Sigal Barsade Jennifer S. Mueller, and Barry M. Staw, “Affect and Creativity at Work,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 2005
17. Let Collaboration Do It: Collaborative Social Entrepreneurship
A Wren Montgomery, Peter A. Dacin, M. Tina Dacin, “Collective Social Entrepreneurship: Collaboratively Shaping Social Good,” Journal of Business Ethics, 2012
Grace Davie, “Social Entrepreneurship: A Call for Collective Action,” OD Practitioner, 2011
18. Build the Right Team and Run the Team Right: Social Teaming
Jennifer S. Mueller, “Why Individuals in Larger Teams Perform Worse,” Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2012
Julia Minson, and Jennifer S. Mueller, “The Cost of Collaboration: Why Joint Decision Making Exacerbates Rejection of Outside Information,” Psychological Science, 2012
10
Anto J. Villado, and Winfred Arthur, J., “The Comparative Effect of Subjective After-Action Reviews On Team Performance on a Complex Task,” Journal of Applied Sociology, 2013
19. Create a New Voice: Social Alliances
Priscilla Wohlstetter, Joanna Smith, and Courtney L. Malloy, “Strategic Alliances in Action: Toward a Theory of Evolution,” Policy Studies Journal, 2005
Christine Mahoney, “Networking vs. Allying: The Decision of Interest Groups to Join Coalitions in the US and the EU,” Journal of European Public Policy, 2007
20. Create a New Kind of Business: “B Corps”
William H. Clark, Jr., and Larry Vranka, et al., “The Need and Rationale for the Benefit Corporation,” 2013, published by bcorporation.net (Spend a few moments visiting the website to get a sense of the movement)
Visit www.bcorporation.net and read the sections titled “What are B Corps,” “Why B Corps Matter,” “Why Become a B Corp,” and “B the Change.” Then drill around to find “How to Become a B Corp” and “The B Corp Declaration”
21. Increase Accountability: Measure and Improve Ethical Conduct
Gael M. Mcdonald, “An Anthology of Codes of Ethics,” European Business Review, 2009
John C. Lere, and Bruce R. Gaumnitz, “Changing Behavior by Improving Codes of Ethics,” American Journal of Business, 2007
Eric D. Raile, “Building Ethical Capital: Perceptions of Ethical Climate in the Public Sector,” Public Administration Review, 2013
22. Embrace the Standard: Adopt ISO 26000
ECOLOGIA, Handbook for Implementers of ISO 26000: Global Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility, May 2011
Zdenka Zenko and Matjaz Mulej, “Diffusion of Innovative Behavior with Social Responsibility,” Kybernetes, 2011
Janet Jacobsen, “The Quality Professional’s Role in ISO 26000,” The Journal for Quality and Participation, 2001
SOCIAL ADVOCACY
11
(We have the right idea, but it needs to be adopted and diffused)
23. Strengthen the Soft Wiring: Activate the Empathy
Francis B. M. de Waal, “The Antiquity of Empathy,” Science, 2012
Stephanie D. Preston, and Frans B. M. de Waal, “Empathy: Its Ultimate and Proximate Bases,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2002 (Read main article and browse responses)
C. Daniel Batson, “The Naked Emperor: Seeking a More Plausible Genetic Basis for Psychological Altruism,” Economics and Philosophy, 2010
Sara H. Konrath, Edward H. O'Brien and Courtney Hsing, “Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis, Personality & Social Psychology Review, 2011
24. Change the Story: Social Narrative
Christina Tangora Schlachter, “The New Transformation of the Public Sphere: Discourse through Documentary,” The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 2009
Watch the Norman Lear Center’s TED talk on Food, Inc. at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb0FZPzzWuk&feature=youtu.be
Ignite Good, Ignite Good Core Team Training: Public Narrative as Leadership, Team Workshop Participant Guide, 2013
PICK ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CASE STUDIES AND READ ACCORDINGLY:
Sargent, James D, “Smoking in Movies: Impact on Adolescent Smoking,” Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 2005
Christopher E. Clarke 1, Jeff Niederdeppe, and Helen C. Lundell, “Narratives and Images Used by Public Communication Campaigns Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012
25. Use the Network: Social Media
Sebastián Valenzuela, “Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior: The Roles of Information, Opinion Expression, and Activism,” American Behavioral Scientist, 2013
12
Clay Shirky, “The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change,” Foreign Affairs, 2011
Pew Research Center, Civic Engagement in the Digital Age, 2013 (Browse for key findings)
26. Change Public Opinion: Social Persuasion
Shannon K. Vaughan, and Shelly Arsneault, “Not-for-Profit Advocacy: Challenging Policy Images and Pursuing Policy Change,” Review of Policy Research, 2008
Alan S. Gerber, James G. Gimpel, Donald P. Green, and Daron R. Shaw, “How Large and Long-lasting Are the Persuasive Effects of Televised Campaign Ads? Results from a Randomized Field Experiment,” American Political Science Review, 2011
27. Agitate the Status Quo: Social Protest
Gene Sharp, “198 Methods of Nonviolent Action,” 1973
Gene Sharp, Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential, 2005, chapters 1-3
Doug McAdam, and Sidney Tarrow, “Nonviolence as Contentious Interaction,” PS (Political Science & Politics), 2000
28. Turn Up the Political Heat: Social Lobbying
Andreas Dür, and Gemma Mateo, “Gaining Access or Going public? Interest Group Strategies in Five European Countries,” European Journal of Political Research, 2013
Frederick J. Boehmke, Sean Gailmard and John W. Patty, “Business as Usual: Interest Group Access and Representation Across PolicyMaking Venues,” Journal of Public Policy, 2013
David C. Kimball, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, Beth L. Leech, and Bryce Summary, “Who Cares about the Lobbying Agenda,” Issue Groups & Advocacy, 2012 (Browse the tables and conclusion)
29. Sell the Idea: Framing for Impact
Conor McGrath, “Framing Lobbying Messages: Defining and Communicating Political Issues,” Journal of Public Affairs, 2007
13
Alan S. Gerber, James G. Gimpel, Donald P. Green, Daron S. Shaw, “How Large and Long-lasting Are the Persuasive Effects of Televised Campaign Ads? Results from a Randomized Field Experiment,” American Political Science Review, 2011
Dennis Chong, and James N. Druckman, “Dynamic Public Opinion: Communication Effects over Time,” American Political Science Review, 2010
30. Launch a Netwar: Social Swarming
David Ronfeldt, John Arquilla, Graham E. Fuller, and Melissa Fuller, The Zapatista Social Netwar in Mexico, RAND Corporation, 1998, chapters 1 and 7 (Browse 2-6 to get a sense of how the Zapatista conflict was fought and won)
Steven Metz, “The Internet, New Media, and the Evolution of Insurgency,” Parameters, 2012
John Arquilla, “The New Rules of War,” Foreign Policy, 2010
31. Put Change on the Legislative Calendar: Agenda Setting
Jeffery A. Jenkins, and Justin Peck, “Building Toward Major Policy Change: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1941–1950,” Law and History Review, 2013
Michelle Wolfe, Bryan D. Jones, and Frank R. Baumgartner, “A Failure to Communicate: Agenda Setting in Media and Policy Studies,” Political Communication, 2013.
32. Put Change on the Judicial Docket: Social Litigation
Peter D. Jacobson, and Kenneth E. Warner, “Litigation and Public Health Policy Making: The Case of Tobacco Control,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 1999
Bethany Blackstone, “An Analysis of Policy-Based Congressional Responses to the U.S. Supreme Court’s Constitutional Decisions,” Law & Society Review, 2013
Mary Anne Case, “Are Plain Hamburgers Now Unconstitutional? The Equal Protection Component of Bush v. Gore as a Chapter in the History of Ideas About Law,” The University of Chicago Law Review, 2003 (browse just for an interesting take on Bush v. Gore)
33. Put Change in the Headlines: Impact Journalism
14
C.W. Anderson, Emily Bell, and Clay Shirky, Post-Industrial Journalism: Adapting to the Present, Columbia Journalism School, Tow Center for Digital Journalism, 2012, Introduction, Sections 1, 3, Conclusion.
SOCIAL DELIVERY (We need to implement and fine-tune the ideas we already have)
34. Start with the Basics: Teach for Engagement
Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools, Guardian of Democracy: The Civic Mission of Schools, 2011, entire
John R. Rachal, “We’ll Never Turn Back: Adult Education and the Struggle for Citizenship in Mississippi’s Freedom Summer,” American Educational Research Journal, 1998
35. Learn and Do: Service Learning
Commission on Youth Voting and Civic Knowledge, All Together Now: Collaboration and Innovation for Youth Engagement, Report of the Commission on Youth Voting and Civic Knowledge, 2013
Christine I. Celio, Joseph Durlak, and Allison Dymnicki “A Meta-analysis of the Impact of Service-Learning on Students,” Journal of Experiential Education, 2011
Sara E. Helms, ”Involuntary Service: The Impact of Mandated Service in Public Schools,” Economics of Education Review, 2013
36. Put Your Assets in Play: Invest in Social Impact
Antony Bugg-Levine, and Jed Emerson, “Hype or Promise,” (Social Impact Investing), America’s Quarterly, 2011
Sasha Dicter, Robert Katz, Harvey Koh, and Ashish Karamchandani, “Closing the Pioneer Gap,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2013
37. Do Well While Doing Good: Embrace Corporate Social Responsibility
Sandra Waddock, “Building the Institutional Infrastructure for Corporate Social Responsibility,” Harvard University Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative, Report 32, 2006
15
Herman Aguinis and Ante Glavas, “Review and Research Agenda: What We Know and Don’t Know About Corporate Social Responsibility,” Academy of Management, 2012
Ataur Rahman Belal, and Stuart Cooper, “The Absence of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in Bangladesh,” Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 2011
38. Spread the Invention: Social Diffusion
Everett M. Rogers, Arvind Singhal, and Margaret M. Quinlan, “Diffusion of Innovation,” in Don Stacks and Michael Salwen, eds. An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, 2008
Atul Gawande, “Slow Ideas: Some Ideas Spread Fast. How Do You Speed the Ones that Don’t?” New Yorker, July 29, 2013 (Excellent story-telling)
39. Strengthen the Nonprofit Delivery System: Capacity Building
Heather McLeod Grant and Leslie R. Crutchfield, “Creating High-Impact Nonprofits,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2007
Paul Light, “The Spiral of Sustainable Excellence,” in Paul Light, Sustaining Performance: The Case for Capacity Building and the Evidence to Prove It, 2004
40. Faithfully Execute the Laws: Redesign Government
Paul C. Light, A Government Ill Executed: The Decline of the Pubic Service and How to Reverse It, introduction, chapters 1-5
Paul C. Light, Endeavors, Achievements, and Breakdowns, Memo prepared for the Volcker Alliance for Effective Government, Salzburg Conference, 2013
41. Get Better Together: Bond and Bridge
Robert D. Putnam, “The Strange Disappearance of Civic America,” American Prospect, 1996
Robert D. Putnam, “Bowling Together,” American Prospect, 2002
Thomas H. Sander and Robert D. Putnam, “Still Bowling Alone? The Post-9/11 Split,” Journal of Democracy, 2010
Robert D. Putnam, “Crumbling American Dreams,” New York Times, August 3, 2013
16
The Saguaro Seminar, Better Together: The Report of the Saguaro Seminar, 2006 (Browse for evidence and recommendations)
42. Put Yourself in Play: Run for Office
Cherie D. Maestas, Sarah Fulton, Sandy L. Maisel, and Walter J. Stone, “When to Risk It? Institutions, Ambitions, and the Decision to Run for the U.S. House,” American Political Science Review; May 2006
Richard L. Fox, and Jennifer L. Lawless, “To Run or Not to Run for Office: Explaining Nascent Political Ambition,” American Journal of Political Science, 2005
Richard L. Fox, and Jennifer L. Lawless, “If Only They’d Ask: Gender, Recruitment, and Political Ambition,” Journal of Politics, 2010
43. Grow the Impact: Social Scaling
Christiana Weber, Arne Kröger, Kathrin Lambrich, “Scaling Social Enterprises: A Theoretical and Empirically Grounded Framework,” Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 2012
Sarah H. Alvord, L. David Brown, Christine W. Letts, “Social Entrepreneurship and Societal Transformation: An Exploratory Study,” The Journal of Applied Behavior Science, September 2004
Session Eight/October 29: The Intervention (What is our solution?)
Paul C. Light, The Search for Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 4 (Section on ideas)
The Copenhagen Consensus Center, Guide to Giving, 2010, “Introduction,” “About This Guide,” and browse one of the problem chapters of your choice (“Combating Hunger,” “Child Health,” or “Education and Empowerment”)
Session Nine/November 5: Testing Assumptions (Will it work?)
James Dewar, Assumption Based Planning: A Planning Tool for Very Uncertain Times, chapters 1-6
THE WORLD AS IT WILL BE
Session Ten/November 12: Creating Leverage (Where will we strike? And do “punctuations” matter?)
17
Paul C. Light, The Search for Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 4 (Section on opportunities)
David S. Meyer, “Protest and Political Opportunities,” Annual Review of Sociology, 2004
Frank R. Baumgartner, “Some Thoughts on Reform Miracles,” paper presented at the Reform Miracles International Seminar, May 27-28, 2005
James L. True, Bryan D. Jones, and Frank R. Baumgartner, “Punctuated-Equilibrium Theory Explaining Stability and Change in Public Policymaking,” draft chapter to appear in Paul Sabatier, ed., Theories of the Policy Process, 2007 (Browse for main points, avoid statistical analysis)
Session Eleven/November 19: Building a Base (Where will we work?)
Fariborz Damanpour, “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators,” The Academy of Management Journal, 1991 (Browse for main findings)
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Innovation, chapter 6
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Nonprofit Performance, chapter 6
Session Twelve/November 26: Scaling (How will we grow? And what is growth anyway?)
Gregory J. Dees, Beth Battle Anderson, and Jane Wei-Skillern, “Scaling Social Impact,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2004
Paul Bloom and Brett Smith, “Identifying the Drivers of Social Entrepreneurial Impact: Theoretical Development and an Exploratory Empirical Test of SCALERS,” Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2010
William Foster & Gail Fine, “How Nonprofits Get Really Big,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2007
Peter Kim & Jeffrey Bradach, “Why More Nonprofits Are Getting Bigger,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2012
Session Thirteen/December 3: Execution (How will we deliver on the promises we make?)
Paul C. Light, Sustaining Innovation, chapters 7 and 8
18
Paul C. Light, The Four Pillars of High Performance, chapter 4 (Warning: very long chapter; give yourself enough time)
J. Gregory Dees, “Enterprising Nonprofits,” Harvard Business Review, 1998.
THE WORLD AS IT MUST BE
Session Fourteen/December 10: Proof (How will we know we are successful if we are?
Geoff Mulgan, “Measuring Social Value,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2011
Christopher Deeming, “Trials and Tribulations: The ‘Use’ (and ‘Misuse’) of Evidence in Public Policy,” Social Policy & Administration, 2013
Lisbeth B. Schorr, “Broader Evidence for Bigger Impact,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2013
Session Fifteen/For Final Exam: Defense (How will we defend our gains?)
Paul C. Light, “From Endeavor to Achievement and Back Again,” in Stephen Conn, ed., The Case for Big Government, 2012
George Packer, “Change the World: Silicon Valley Transfers Its Slogans—and Its Money to the Realm of Politics,” New Yorker, 2013
Session Sixteen/For Final Exam: Succession Planning (How will we let go?)
Frances Kunreuther, Phyllis Segal, and Stephanie Clohesy, The Leadership in Leaving, buildingmovement.org, 2008
Robert C. Giambatista, W. Glenn Rowe, and Suhaib Riaz, “Nothing Succeeds like Succession: A Critical Review of Leader Succession Literature since 1994,” The Leadership Quarterly, 2005
19
Recommended