1 Second Language Acquisition Introduction 10-0227Roger Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2008)....

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Second Language Second Language AcquisitionAcquisition

IntroductionIntroduction10-022710-0227RogerRoger

Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2008). Second language acquisition: Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2008). Second language acquisition: An introductory course (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.An introductory course (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

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What is SLA?What is SLA?

The acquisition of a language The acquisition of a language beyond the native language beyond the native language

Relatively young Relatively young interdisciplinary field:interdisciplinary field: linguistics, linguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, sociology, psychology, psycholinguistics, sociology, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, conversational analysis, and education.conversational analysis, and education.

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Why need to understand Why need to understand how SLA is learned?how SLA is learned?

LinguisticsLinguistics (the study of the nature of the human (the study of the nature of the human mind)mind)

The determination of linguistics The determination of linguistics constraints on the formation of second constraints on the formation of second language grammars.language grammars.

Language pedagogyLanguage pedagogy Learning to express communicative needsLearning to express communicative needs Expectation that teachers have about Expectation that teachers have about

studentsstudents (p.3) (p.3)

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Why need to understand Why need to understand how SLA is learned?how SLA is learned?

Cross-cultural communication and Cross-cultural communication and language uselanguage use our stereotypes of a culture influences our stereotypes of a culture influences

learners to learn its language (p. 4)learners to learn its language (p. 4) ex. “barking at the wrong tree”ex. “barking at the wrong tree”

Language policy and language Language policy and language planningplanning English Only Movement in the US English Only Movement in the US

(California)(California) Bilingual program in TaiwanBilingual program in Taiwan

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Which field should SLA Which field should SLA belong to?belong to?

HumanitiesHumanities

Social SciencesSocial Sciences

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Language Terms in SLALanguage Terms in SLA

Native Language Native Language (NL):(NL): L1L1

Target Language Target Language (TL):(TL): L1/L2L1/L2

Second Language Acquisition Second Language Acquisition (SLA):(SLA): L2L2

Foreign Language Learning Foreign Language Learning :: L2L2

Native SpeakerNative Speaker (NS) (NS) Non-Native SpeakerNon-Native Speaker (NNS) (NNS)

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Nature of LanguageNature of Language

Sound systems (Phonology)Sound systems (Phonology) Sound systems in different languagesSound systems in different languages

possible vs. not possible sounds: Thai, Spanish vs possible vs. not possible sounds: Thai, Spanish vs ChineseChinese

Very vs. WeryVery vs. Wery Pace of the language: Native-like Pace of the language: Native-like

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked;A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked;If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper pWhere's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? icked?

Intonation of the languageIntonation of the language

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Nature of LanguageNature of Language Syntax: the knowledge of grammar Syntax: the knowledge of grammar

rulesrules Prescriptive grammarPrescriptive grammar: : grammar we learn in grammar we learn in

schoolschool Descriptive grammarDescriptive grammar: : grammar we actually usegrammar we actually use

A: Mom, I broke the glassy vase on the TV.A: Mom, I broke the glassy vase on the TV. B: What did you break?B: What did you break? You broke WHAT? You broke WHAT? Deep Structure vs. Surface StructureDeep Structure vs. Surface Structure Good grammar knowledgeGood grammar knowledge

=\= Good language=\= Good language

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Nature of LanguageNature of Language

Morphology and the lexicon:Morphology and the lexicon: the the study of word formationstudy of word formation Morpheme:Morpheme: Affixes (prefixes, infixes, Affixes (prefixes, infixes,

suffixes) and root (p. 11)suffixes) and root (p. 11) Semantics: the study of meaningSemantics: the study of meaning

Knowledge of meaning of wordsKnowledge of meaning of words Knowledge of reference of wordsKnowledge of reference of words

a cup of coffee vs. a glass of coffeea cup of coffee vs. a glass of coffee He married a girl with red hair. He married a girl with red hair. With red hair he married a girl.With red hair he married a girl.

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Nature of LanguageNature of Language

Pragmatics:Pragmatics: the way in which NS use langthe way in which NS use language in context.uage in context. Related to cultural customsRelated to cultural customs (p.13) (p.13)

ex. thank you (ex. thank you (dankedanke and and bittebitte) in German) in German

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The Nature of NNS The Nature of NNS KnowledgeKnowledge

InterlanguageInterlanguage For example:For example:

FossilizationFossilization “…“…to become permanently established in to become permanently established in

the interlanguage of a second language lethe interlanguage of a second language learner in a form that I deviant from the tararner in a form that I deviant from the target-language norm and that continues to aget-language norm and that continues to appear in performance regardless of furtheppear in performance regardless of further exposure to the target language” r exposure to the target language” (Flexner (Flexner & Hanck, 1988, p. 755)& Hanck, 1988, p. 755)

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DiscussionsDiscussions