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General Properties of Matter
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Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Everything is made of matter
What are properties?
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Characteristics used to describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness
I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter
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A. Physical Properties(there’s no change in the composition)
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, sonorosity
(sound), luster (shiny), solubility, porosity(can absorb), BP,MP,FP,
Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.
Viscosity
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The resistance of a liquid to flow
The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily
the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves
I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter
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B. Chemical Properties (there’s a change in the composition)
Ex: combustibility (combustion/burning)
oxidation decomposition
II. General Properties of matter
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Possessed by all types of matter.
Mass, weight, volume, density and Impenetrability
What is mass?
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Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Mass is constant.The metric unit for mass is grams (g)
Kg, g, lbsPlatform balance, weighing scale
Weight
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The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object
Weight changes with gravity
The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)
Weight formula
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1 kg = 2.2 poundsWeight is mass times acceleration due to
gravity (9.8 m/s2) W= m x aWhat is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?
What is gravity?
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The force of attraction between objects is gravity
All objects exert a gravitational force on each other
Question
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Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?
What affects gravity?
2020
The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases
gravity depends on mass and distance
VolumeThe amount of space taken up by an object.
Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h
Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method
Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker2323
DensityIt is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume.
Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object.
D= m/vg/ml or g/cm3
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Density
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The density of water is 1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water
Ice
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Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water
Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed
Astronomy fact!
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The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!
Calculations
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If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?
Calculation
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If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?
What is specific gravity?
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A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity
Gas laws
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Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume
Charles Law
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Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)
Charles’ Law
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As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases
Heating air causes it to expand
Boyle’s Law
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Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)
Boyle’s law
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If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure
Plasma
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Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)
Phase changes (video)
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Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation
What is a physical change?
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Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties
Type of matter remains the same
Questions
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Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).
Physical changes
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Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change
Phase changes (video)
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Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant
Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes
Boiling point (video)
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The temperature in which a liquid boils
Point at which a liquid changes to a gas
Freezing (video)
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Phase change of a liquid to a solid
The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point
Condensation
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Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas
Chemical properties
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Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties
Ex: flammability
Chemical changes
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The change of a substance into a new and different substance
Also known as a chemical reaction
video
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