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National innovation systems
Sub-regional seminar on the commercialization and enforcement of intellectual property rights
Skopje, Macedonia1 - 3 April 2009
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Innovation Facts Innovation and growth Innovation process National innovation systems Innovation actors Role of the state in the NIS Innovation supportive infrastructure Innovation policy instruments Future challenges
Today’s presentation
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Innovation is an old phenomenon
Humans tend to think about new and better ways of doing things and try them out in practice
Innovation facts
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Innovation is essential for a country’s competitiveness
Innovations can become products that drive growth
Institutions are important for the support of innovative activities
Innovation and growth
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Basic research
Applied research
Development
Commercialization
New knowledge
Application of knowledge to specific subject
Development of products
Need for new knowledge
Desired new product characteristics
Market feedback (desired product alterations)
Innovation – non-linear process
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Overlap between basic and applied research, as well as between development and commercialization
Principal investigators, patents and processes are mobile (not company dependent)
Unexpected outcomes
Complexity of the innovation process
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New knowledge creation
Application of knowledge into new products
Commercialization of productsParticularized companies
Innovative enterprises
Innovative enterprises
Academy of science
Universities
Academy of science
Universities
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
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Different stages and different actors need different support
InventionInvention InnovationInnovation
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
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Inventions need specific demand, production capabilities, inputs, complementary inventions and innovations to succeed at the innovation stage
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
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National innovation systems – different institutions and their interaction (technical, commercial, legal, social, and financial), which influence the innovation process and give direction of the technological changes in the society.
Differs for different countries Need to be flexible, adjust to the needs of
the society
National innovation systems
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States need to create the framework conditions for incentives for innovation
With efficient instruments there can be strong support with less state investments
Direct support assumes non-existence of information asymmetry
let the market make the decision
Role of the state in the NIS
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Higher education system (supply of labor) Knowledge intensive business services IPR Enforcement Supply of knowledge Entrepreneurship friendly environment Local, regional and international interaction
possibilities
Innovation supportive infrastructure
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Incentive for innovation Knowledge transfer Efficiency of the investments
Costs of IP protection (efficiency losses from support of innovation, double investments in R&D)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Protection of IPR and Innovation
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Adoptive capacity Freedom for
experimenting Entrepreneurship
supportive environment
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Innovation supportive culture
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Teach next generations Conduct research Commercialize
Provide: • A return to public investments in research• A source of new companies and jobs• Justification for new research allocations• Services to companies within the innovation
ecosystem (clusters)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Role of the universities
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Provide infrastructure Encourage entrepreneurial culture, research
cooperation and public support for research Attract industry and promote regional
development
Innovation supportive infrastructure - S&T Parks
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Potential investors do not have perfect knowledge, information asymmetry for new innovative ideas
Institutions for innovation financing (exp. venture capital)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Financing innovation
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Importance of the SMEs – small companies can drive high-tech innovation
Knowledge intensive SMEs SMEs support:
• information on financing possibilities• creation of business plans• improvement of the SMEs infrastructure• implementation and coordination of SMEs support• organizing networking• education and trainings • consulting services• support for knowledge transfer • management and marketing research • R&D support
Innovation supportive infrastructure - SMEs
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IPR enforcement Technology Transfer Technology parks and centers Networks Support for financing Marketing/promotion support
Innovation policy instruments
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Stronger NIS Learn from each other Regional Innovation systems
Cooperation, cooperation, cooperation
Future challenges
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