1 Mood Disorders Module 38. 2 3 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder ...

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Mood Disorders

Module 38

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Psychological Disorders

Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Explaining Mood Disorders

Link 58:53

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Major Depressive Disorder

Depression is the “common

cold” of psychological disorders. In a year, 5.8% of men and 9.5%

of women report

depression worldwide

(WHO, 2002).

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Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are

not caused by drugs or medical conditions.

1. Lethargy and fatigue2. Feelings of worthlessness3. Loss of interest in family &

friends4. Loss of interest in activities

Signs include:

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Bipolar Disorder

Formerly called manic-depressive disorder. An alternation between depression and

mania signals bipolar disorder.

Multiple ideas

Hyperactive

Desire for action

Euphoria

Elation

Manic Symptoms

Slowness of thought

Tired

Inability to make decisions

Withdrawn

Gloomy

Depressive Symptoms

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Pharmacology

• Bipolar disorders most effectively treated with tricyclic antidepressants and Lithium Carbonate

• Lithium serves as a mood stabilizer

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SuicideThe most severe form of behavioral response

to depression is suicide. Each year some 1 million people commit suicide worldwide.

1. National differences2. Racial differences3. Gender differences4. Age differences5. Other differences

Suicide Statistics

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Suicide Rates in Various Ethnic Groups

Young Latinas have the highest rate of attempted suicide in the US compared to any other demographic.

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• Ever wonder why you did not read about your friend’s suicide in the paper or see news about it on tv…?

• Are the reporters just jerks who were IGNORING your friend…no,…they were actually doing the rest of us a favor!

Those jerks,…she was my best friend! How dare they disrespect my friend! @$

$^*(#$

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Suicide

• Publicizing suicide especially dangerous because of social proof.

• Auto and plane deaths increase after well publicized suicides…1000%

• The more publicity the more suicide• Within 2 months of every front page

suicide 58 more people than usual killed themselves from 1947-1968

• Cialdini, Influence

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• On March 27, 1977, on the island of Tenerife, two fully loaded 747 jumbo jets collided on a fog-blanketed runway, claiming the lives of 583 people in what is still the deadliest crash in aviation history.

……the number of people who die in commercial-airline crashes increases by 1,000 percent!

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Those wrists won’t cut themselves…

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Biological PerspectiveGenetic Influences: Mood disorders

have a genetic component.

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James D. Laird and Nicholas S. Thompson, Psychology. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.

Genetics & Risk of Mood Disorders

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The Depressed Brain

PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with manic

and depressive episodes.

Courtesy of L

ewis B

axter an Michael E

. P

helps, UC

LA

School of M

edicine

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Social-Cognitive PerspectiveThe social-cognitive perspective suggests that

depression arises partly from self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory styles.

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Negative Thoughts and Moods

Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed.

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Depression Cycle

1. Negative stressful events.

2. Pessimistic explanatory style.

3. Hopeless depressed state.

4. These hamper the way the individual thinks and acts, fueling personal rejection.